JP2017084521A - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017084521A JP2017084521A JP2015209881A JP2015209881A JP2017084521A JP 2017084521 A JP2017084521 A JP 2017084521A JP 2015209881 A JP2015209881 A JP 2015209881A JP 2015209881 A JP2015209881 A JP 2015209881A JP 2017084521 A JP2017084521 A JP 2017084521A
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- -1 nickel-substituted lithium manganate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] Chemical class [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
表1に示す正極活物質を固相法により調製した。
調製した活物質は、BET法(マイクロトラックベル株式会社、ベルソープ型)により比表面積を測定した。
活物質の比抵抗(粉体抵抗)は、活物質粉末を圧縮状態とし、四探針法により測定した。抵抗率計は、四探針測定における抵抗演算機能内蔵の三菱化学アナリテック製ロレスタGP型を用い、50MPa圧縮時の比抵抗を測定した。
正極活物質90質量部に導電剤として平均粒径50nmのカーボンブラック(CB)6質量部を混合した後、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)4質量部のN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液を添加して混合し、正極スラリーを作製し、アルミニウム箔の片面に塗布した。これを20mm径に打ち抜いた後、圧縮成形し、容量測定用の正極を作製した。
本実施例のカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)には、鉄ナノ粒子触媒を用いて炭化水素ガスを炭素源として反応させ、合成した。得られたCNTは、次の2種である。
正極活物質90質量部に導電剤として平均粒径50nmのCB(6質量部)を加え、更にPVDFバインダー溶液に分散したCNT−L(導電剤)を加え、CNT−Lが合剤質量基準で0.002%となるように混合した。さらに、PVDFが合剤質量基準で4質量%となるようにPVDF溶液を加えて混合し、正極スラリーを作製した。このスラリーをアルミニウム箔の片面に塗布した。
負極材料としてのチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12:LTO)88質量部とCB(6質量部)とを混合した後、結着剤としてのポリビニリデンフロライドPVDF6質量部をNMPに溶解した溶液とを混合し、負極合剤スラリーを作製した。負極合剤スラリーを銅箔(負極集電体)の片面に塗布し、乾燥した。裁断後、プレス機により圧縮成形し、未塗工部にニッケル製の負極端子を溶接し、負極を作製した。
図2に模式的に示すラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
作製した電池の充放電試験とサイクル試験を行った。
CNTを添加していない正極を実施例2と同様に作製し、さらにリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
Claims (14)
- スピネル型結晶構造を有するニッケル置換マンガン酸リチウムである正極活物質と、導電剤と、を含む正極合剤を有し、
前記正極活物質は、組成式LiaNixMnyMzO4(MはGe、Mg、Co及びCuからなる群から選ばれた1種以上であり、0.99≦a≦1.04、0.4≦x≦0.48、0<z≦0.2、a+x+y+z=3)であり、かつ、その比表面積が0.05m2/g以上1.0m2/g以下であり、
前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.0005質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極。 - スピネル型結晶構造を有するフッ素を含むニッケル置換マンガン酸リチウムである正極活物質と、導電剤と、を含む正極合剤を有し、
前記正極活物質は、組成式LiaNixMnyMzO4−δFδ(MはGe、Mg、Co及びCuからなる群から選ばれた1種以上であり、0.99≦a≦1.04、0.4≦x≦0.48、0<z≦0.2、a+x+y+z=3、δ≦0.01)であり、かつ、その比表面積が0.05m2/g以上1.0m2/g以下であり、
前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.0005質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極。 - 前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.002質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質の比表面積は、0.1m2/g以上0.5m2/g以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質を50MPaで圧縮した状態で測定した比抵抗は、200kΩ・cm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極合剤の比抵抗は、40Ω・cm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部は、アルミニウム酸化物又はニオブ酸化物で被覆されている、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 正極と、負極と、電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、スピネル型結晶構造を有するニッケル置換マンガン酸リチウムである正極活物質と、導電剤と、を含む正極合剤を有し、
前記正極活物質は、組成式LiaNixMnyMzO4(MはGe、Mg、Co及びCuからなる群から選ばれた1種以上であり、0.99≦a≦1.04、0.4≦x≦0.48、0<z≦0.2、a+x+y+z=3)であり、かつ、その比表面積が0.05m2/g以上1.0m2/g以下であり、
前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.0005質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 正極と、負極と、電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、スピネル型結晶構造を有するフッ素を含むニッケル置換マンガン酸リチウムである正極活物質と、導電剤と、を含む正極合剤を有し、
前記正極活物質は、組成式LiaNixMnyMzO4−δFδ(MはGe、Mg、Co及びCuからなる群から選ばれた1種以上であり、0.99≦a≦1.04、0.4≦x≦0.48、0<z≦0.2、a+x+y+z=3、δ≦0.01)であり、かつ、その比表面積が0.05m2/g以上1.0m2/g以下であり、
前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.0005質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、合剤質量基準で0.002質量%以上0.2質量%以下である、請求項8又は9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質の比表面積は、0.1m2/g以上0.5m2/g以下である、請求項8又は9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質を50MPaで圧縮した状態で測定した比抵抗は、200kΩ・cm以下である、請求項8又は9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極合剤の比抵抗は、40Ω・cm以下である、請求項8又は9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部は、アルミニウム酸化物又はニオブ酸化物で被覆されている、請求項8又は9に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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