JP2016536005A - Bh3プロファイリングの方法 - Google Patents
Bh3プロファイリングの方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016536005A JP2016536005A JP2016543983A JP2016543983A JP2016536005A JP 2016536005 A JP2016536005 A JP 2016536005A JP 2016543983 A JP2016543983 A JP 2016543983A JP 2016543983 A JP2016543983 A JP 2016543983A JP 2016536005 A JP2016536005 A JP 2016536005A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その内容全体が参考として本明細書に援用される2013年9月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/879,869号に対して35U.S.C.§119(e)の下における利益を主張する。
本発明は、一般に、BH3ドメインペプチドのパネルに対する細胞の感受性のパターンを判定することによって細胞の化学的感受性を判定する改良法に関する。
アポトーシスと呼ばれるプログラム細胞死は、すべての多細胞生物内の組織恒常性の発達および維持において欠かせない役割を果たす(Raff、Nature、356巻:397〜400頁、1992年)。線虫からヒトまでの遺伝子および分子の分析により、細胞自殺のアポトーシス経路が高度に保存されていることが示された(HengartnerおよびHorvitz、Cell、76巻:1107〜1114頁、1994年)。正常な発達および維持にとって必須であることに加えて、アポトーシスは、ウイルス感染に対する防御およびがんの出現の防止において重要である。
BH3オンリー分子は、このファミリーの第3のサブセットを構成し、これらとしては、BID、NOXA、PUMA、BIK、BIM、およびBADがある(KelekarおよびThompson、1998年)。これらのタンパク質は、突然変異分析により、これらの死の活性のためにアポトーシス促進性のメンバーにおいて必要とされることが示された両親媒性αヘリックスBH3領域のみにおいて配列相同性を共有する。さらに、BH3オンリータンパク質は、「マルチドメイン」BCL−2ファミリーメンバーへの結合を実際に行うためにこのドメインを必要とする。酵母ツーハイブリッド、界面活性剤可溶化細胞溶解物からの免疫共沈降、およびin−vitroプルダウン実験を含めた複数の結合アッセイは、個々のBH3オンリー分子がマルチドメインBCL−2メンバーについていくらかの選択性を提示することを示す(Boydら、1995年;O’Connorら、1998年;Odaら、2000年;Wangら、1996年;Yangら、1995年)。BIDタンパク質は、アポトーシス促進性BAXおよびBAKならびに抗アポトーシスBCL−2およびBCL−XLに結合する(Wangら、1996年;Weiら、2000年)。対照的に、BAD、およびインタクトな分子としてのNOXAは、抗アポトーシス性のメンバーへの優先的結合を提示する(Boydら、1995年;O’Connorら、1998年;Odaら、2000年;Yangら、1995年)。
本発明は、ミトコンドリア外膜透過化を測定する改良法の発見に部分的に基づく。これらの改良法は、その内容全体が参照により組み込まれているUS2008/0199890に記載されるようなBH3プロファイリングにおいて有用である。
様々な方法において、薬剤に対する細胞の感受性が判定される。細胞感受性は、細胞または細胞の要素(例えば、ミトコンドリア)をBH3ドメインペプチドと接触させることによって判定される。細胞は、アポトーシスが検出される場合、薬剤に対して感受性である。あるいは、細胞感受性は、細胞の試験BH3プロファイルを提供し、そのプロファイルをがん細胞BH3プロファイルと比較することによって判定される。試験プロファイルと対照プロファイルとの類似性は、細胞が薬剤に感受性であることを示す。BH3プロファイルは、細胞のBH3ペプチドに対する感受性のパターンである。感受性は、アポトーシスによって示される。がん細胞BH3プロファイルは、特定の薬剤薬剤に対する応答性またはその欠如が分かっているがん細胞内のBH3ペプチドに対する感受性のパターンである。任意選択で、試験BH3プロファイルは、1つを超えるがん細胞BH3プロファイルと比較される。したがって、試験BH3プロファイルを対照BH3プロファイルの感受性と比較することによって、薬剤薬剤に対する感受性が判定される。
ジヒドロローダミン123は、酸化によって蛍光レーザー色素ローダミン123(R123)に変換することができる無荷電非蛍光剤である。
BH3ドメインペプチドは、長さが195アミノ酸未満、例えば、長さが150、100、75、50、35、25、または15アミノ酸未満であるか、またはそれと等しい。例えば、BH3ペプチドは、表1に示した配列番号1〜13の配列を含む。
iBH3:FACSによる保持されたチトクロムcの直接測定によるBH3プロファイリング
iBH3は、以前のBH3プロファイリングのためのプロトコールに、重要な固定ステップを加えたものである。これにより、複雑な臨床試料中のサブセットを区別するのに、シグナルがより良好になり、試料安定性が増大し、染色が改善された。一次組織または細胞培養物を単細胞懸濁物に解離させ、細胞表面マーカーについて任意選択で染色し、DTEBミトコンドリア用バッファー中に懸濁させる(蛍光光度計またはFACSによる全細胞内のBH3プロファイリング。Methods.、2013年4月20日。印刷前の電子出版)。次いで懸濁した細胞をジギトニン(透過化剤)を補充したDTEBおよびペプチドまたは低分子(試料チューブまたはプレート中に準備し、凍結させることができる)を含有するウェルに添加し、これによって、分子またはペプチドをミトコンドリアに接近させ、透過化されたミトコンドリア外かつ細胞外にチトクロムcを自由に拡散させる。細胞を、短いアルデヒド固定、その後のトリス/グリシンバッファーでの中和の前にしばらくペプチド/低分子に曝露する。次いで、抗チトクロムc抗体を、サポニン、ウシ胎児血清、およびウシ血清アルブミンを含む濃縮物として各ウェルに添加して、細胞によって保持されたチトクロムcを染色する。細胞内標的に対する他の抗体を、この時添加することができる。細胞を、FACSによって分析してペプチドまたは低分子による擾乱後のチトクロムcの単細胞測定をすることによって、診断上の応答シグネチャーをもたらす(図1:iBH3は、混合集団における個々の亜集団のプロファイルを忠実に再現する)。個々に(非混合)または複合混合物(混合)としてプロファイルされた試料は、同じプロファイルを生じる。亜集団を区別するこの能力は、細胞内であっても細胞外であっても任意の抗原またはシグナルに適用することができる。
MicroBH3:免疫蛍光顕微鏡観察による単細胞BH3プロファイリング
MicroBH3(miBH3)は、BH3ペプチドのミトコンドリア効果の測定が、顕微鏡観察により個々の細胞に対してなされるBH3プロファイリング法である。これを達成するために、細胞は、ポリアミンまたはポリリシン被覆表面上に固定化され、ミトコンドリア用バッファー中の低濃度のジギトニンで処置されて、形質膜が透過化され、細胞の擾乱を伴うことなくミトコンドリアへの接近が認められる。固定された濃度のBH3ペプチドまたは化学化合物が、固定された時間、通常45〜90分にわたって添加された後、チトクロムC、およびMnSODなどのミトコンドリアマーカーの細胞内染色のために、ホルムアルデヒドで固定され、メタノールおよび/またはトリトンx−100によって透過化される。染色された細胞は、DAPIなどの核染色剤で対比染色され、蛍光像が核、ミトコンドリア、およびチトクロムcのチャネルにおいて得られる。Cellprofilerなどのソフトウェアを使用して自動分析が実施されて、核が位置特定され、ミトコンドリアを有する核に隣接する領域が画定され、次いでチトクロムcの存在がミトコンドリアの位置と相関付けられる。位置特定の喪失は、チトクロムcの喪失、およびペプチドまたは化合物に対する反応を示す。この方法は、単細胞レベルで、BH3ペプチドまたは化合物に対する細胞の応答を可能にし、これらのアポトーシス傾向またはプライミングを判定する。電位感受性蛍光色素を使用してミトコンドリアの完全性を分析する以前の方法は、インタクトな、透過化されていない細胞を使用し、BH3ペプチドは細胞浸透性でないのでこれに使用することができない。電位感受性で処置された透過化細胞は、形状を変化させ、必要な時間的経過にわたって焦点を保つことが困難であり、タイミングに敏感である。この方法による固定された細胞は、固定ステップで直ちに停止させることができ、取得から数週間後に分析したり、必要に応じて直ちに再分析したりすることができる。
本発明をその詳細な説明と併せて記載してきたが、上記の説明は、例示であり、添付の特許請求の範囲によって定義される本発明の範囲を限定しないことが意図されている。他の態様、利点、および改変は、以下の特許請求の範囲の範囲内である。
Claims (10)
- 治療剤に対するがん細胞の感受性を予測する方法であって、
a)試験細胞集団をBH3ドメインペプチドと接触させるステップ;
b)該試験細胞集団におけるBH3ドメインペプチドにより誘導されたミトコンドリア外膜透過化の量を測定するステップ;および
c)該治療剤と接触していない対照細胞集団に対して、該試験細胞集団におけるBH3ドメインペプチドにより誘導されたミトコンドリア外膜透過化の前記量を比較するステップ
を含み、該対照細胞集団と比較した該試験細胞集団におけるミトコンドリア膜透過化の増大は、該細胞が該治療剤に感受性であることを示す、方法。 - 前記細胞が、前記BH3ドメインペプチドと接触する前に透過化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア外膜透過化が、i)電位差測定用色素の発光またはii)ミトコンドリア膜間スペースからの分子の放出を測定することによって判定される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 透過化された前記細胞を電位差測定用色素と接触させるステップをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記電位差測定用色素が、JC−1またはジヒドロローダミン123である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 透過化された前記細胞をチトクロムCまたはSMAC/Diabloに対する抗体と接触させるステップをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 透過化された前記細胞を細胞内または細胞外マーカーに対する抗体と接触させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ミトコンドリア外膜透過化を測定する前に、前記細胞集団を固定するステップをさらに含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞集団が、固体表面上に固定される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記BH3ドメインペプチドが、BID、BIM、BAD、BIK、NOXA、PUMA、BMF、またはHRKポリペプチドのBH3ドメインに由来する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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