JP2016179440A - 芳香族炭化水素の水素化触媒及びそれを用いた水素化処理方法 - Google Patents
芳香族炭化水素の水素化触媒及びそれを用いた水素化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016179440A JP2016179440A JP2015060801A JP2015060801A JP2016179440A JP 2016179440 A JP2016179440 A JP 2016179440A JP 2015060801 A JP2015060801 A JP 2015060801A JP 2015060801 A JP2015060801 A JP 2015060801A JP 2016179440 A JP2016179440 A JP 2016179440A
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- alumina
- catalyst
- metal
- carrier
- hydrogenation catalyst
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
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- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒について説明する。この本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒は、少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表の第10族金属が担持されていることを特徴としている。具体的に説明すると、本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の担体は、アルミナ(酸化アルミニウム)及びチタニア(酸化チタン)の少なくとも2種類の金属からなり、例えばアルミナからなる基材の表面にチタニアが被覆された形態を有している。アルミナは、それ自身大きな比表面積を有する多孔質体を形成しやすく、この多孔質体に酸化チタンを被覆してなる多孔質複合担体(以降、単に複合担体とも称する)においても極めて大きな比表面積を確保することができる。
次に、上記した本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の製造方法について説明する。この本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の製造方法は、基材作製工程、コーティング工程、洗浄工程、成形工程、焼成工程、含浸工程及び乾燥工程からなる。以下、工程順に説明する。
本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の担体の基材となるアルミナは、その原料にアルミナ水和物粒子を含んだヒドロゾル、ヒドロゲル、キセロゲル等を使用することができる。このアルミナ水和物粒子の結晶系としては、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、アルミナゲルなど、またこれらを混合したものを用いることができる。アルミナ水和物粒子の調製方法については特に制限はないが、前述したようにpHスイング法で合成するのが好ましい。pHスイング法で合成することで、均質な形状を有し、細孔シャープネス度が60%以上のアルミナを得ることができる。なお、このpHスイング法で製造したアルミナ水和物粒子のヒドロゾル中には、原料のアルミナ化合物に由来する夾雑イオンが存在するため、必要に応じて後段のチタン水酸化物のコーティング工程の前に、当該夾雑イオンを洗浄除去する処理を行ってもよい。
細孔シャープネス度(%)=(PVM/PVT)×100
コーティング工程は、例えば前述したpHスイング法で形成したアルミナ水和物粒子を含むヒドロゾルに対して、チタンを含む酸性化合物水溶液及びアルカリ性化合物を含む水溶液を、所定の温度とpHの範囲内で添加し、pHを一定に保持しながらアルミナ水和物粒子の表面にチタンの水酸化物の粒子をコーティングして水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子を得る工程である。ここで「チタンを含む酸性化合物」(以下、単に「チタン化合物」とも称する)としては、硫酸チタン、硫酸チタニル、塩化チタン、過酸化チタン、シュウ酸チタン、酢酸チタンなどが好ましい。
pH=6.0−0.03×T
アルミナ水和物粒子の表面にチタンの水酸化物の粒子をコーティングした後の反応液には、例えば陽イオンとしてナトリウムイオンやアンモニアイオン、あるいは陰イオンとして硫酸イオンや塩素イオンなどの夾雑イオンが一般に含まれる。したがって、本洗浄工程では、上記コーティング工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子を洗浄する。この洗浄処理により、これら夾雑イオンを除去または低減することができる。洗浄方法としては、吸引ろ過器、オリバーフィルター、加圧ろ過器等を用いて水で洗い流す洗浄・ろ過操作により行うのが好ましい。
次に、上記洗浄工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子に対して成形可能な水分量になるまで脱水処理を行う。この脱水処理は、加圧ろ過、吸引ろ過、遠心ろ過等の機械的な固液分離操作により行うことが一般的であるが、例えば余剰熱を利用して乾燥してもよいし、脱水と乾燥とを組み合わせてもよい。この脱水処理後、例えば成形機を用いて円柱状、クローバー状、円筒状、球状など使用目的に適した形状に成形して、水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子成形体を得る。
この焼成工程は、上記成形工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子成形体を焼成して水酸化チタンを酸化チタンに変化させてチタニアで被覆された担体を作製する工程である。焼成する際の雰囲気温度は100〜600℃の範囲内が好ましく、120〜500℃の範囲内がより好ましい。この雰囲気温度が100℃未満では、焼成に時間がかかり過ぎるので実用的でなくなる。また、600℃を超えるとアナタースの結晶形が観測されるようになり、チタニアのコーティングが不均一になる。なお、上記の方法でアルミナにチタニアを被覆して得た担体の特徴として、基材であるアルミナ水和物粒子の比表面積よりもチタニアで被覆させた担体の比表面積の方が大きくなる傾向がある。
含浸工程においては、上記の焼成工程で得たチタニアで被覆されたアルミナ担体(以下、チタニア被覆アルミナ担体とも称する)に、触媒金属化合物として周期律表第10族金属化合物を含む水溶液を含浸させる工程である。上記した触媒成分を含有する水溶液の含浸により担持された周期律表第10族金属化合物は、活性金属としてチタニア被覆アルミナ担体に均一且つ安定的に担持されるようにするため、熟成させるのが好ましい。ここで「熟成」とは、触媒成分を含有する水溶液を含浸させた後、その状態で静置しておくことをいう。該熟成の時間としては、10分〜24時間の範囲内が好ましい。
次に、触媒成分及び糖類をチタニア被覆アルミナ担体に安定化させるために、上記の含浸工程で触媒成分を含有する水溶液を含浸させたチタニア被覆アルミナ担体を乾燥させる。この場合の乾燥温度としては、100〜500℃の範囲内が好ましい。乾燥後はそのまま加熱を続けて焼成してもよい。乾燥時間としては、0.5〜24時間の範囲内が好ましい。以上の一連の工程からなる操作を行うことにより、高い触媒活性を示す水素化触媒が得られる。
次に、上記した水素化触媒を用いて水素化処理を行う方法について説明する。水素化処理装置は固定床方式が好ましく、その場合の反応条件としては、反応器の構造等による制約をふまえた上で様々な条件に設定することが可能であるが、一般的には液空間速度(LHSV)1〜10hr−1の範囲内、圧力0.3〜15MPaGの範囲内、温度100〜350℃程度の範囲内にすることが好ましい。
複合担体Aの基材に相当するアルミナ担体Bについて、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製H−9000NARを用いてTEM分析を実施した。TEM分析では100万倍の画像により、アルミナ担体Bが針状体の一次粒子で構成されていることを確認した。形状認識の可能なそれらの針状体50個において、長辺方向と短辺方向の長さを測定した結果、針状体のアスペクト比は約5であった。
複合担体Aと混合担体Dについて、リガク製のX線回折分析装置SmartLab用いて、X線出力40kV、40mA、CuKαをX線源としてX線回折分析を実施した。図1に複合担体Aと混合担体DのX線回折チャートを示す。混合担体Dでは2θ=25.3°にチタニアのアナタース結晶の(101)面に相当するピークが特に高強度で観測されるのに対し、複合担体Aでは、チタニアの含有率が混合担体Dと同等であるにも拘らず、チタニアの該当ピークが全く観測されなかった。
複合担体Aの基材に相当するアルミナ担体Bについて、島津製作所製オートポアIV9520形を使用して、測定圧力414MPaまで加圧する水銀圧入法により、細孔容積及び細孔分布を測定した。図2に細孔分布のチャートを示す。アルミナ担体Bの細孔容積は0.64mL/gであった。また、本データから[式1]に従って算出したアルミナ担体Bの細孔径シャープネス度は70%であった。
複合担体Aについて、BET法により分析した比表面積は408m2/gであった。
Claims (6)
- 芳香族炭化水素化合物を脂肪族環状炭化水素化合物に水素化する触媒であって、少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表第10族金属が担持されていることを特徴とする水素化触媒。
- 前記周期律表第10族金属が予備水素還元処理されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記周期律表第10族金属がニッケルであり、該ニッケルが触媒全体に対して酸化ニッケル換算で5〜35質量%含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記複合担体がアルミナからなる基材にチタニアが被覆されたものを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記基材が複数の針状体又は柱状体が三次元的にからみ合って構成される多孔質構造体からなることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の水素化触媒。
- 少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表第10族金属を担持させた後、該周期律表第10族金属を予備水素還元処理し、得られた水素化触媒に芳香族炭化水素及び水素を含んだ原料ガスを接触させることで脂肪族環状炭化水素化合物を生成することを特徴とする芳香族炭化水素の水素化処理方法。
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RU2679125C1 (ru) | 2019-02-06 |
WO2016152888A1 (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
US20170369793A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
JP6456204B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
CA2979801C (en) | 2021-04-06 |
SA517390005B1 (ar) | 2021-06-06 |
CA2979801A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
EP3275535B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
US10745628B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
EP3275535A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
EP3275535A4 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
ES2825298T3 (es) | 2021-05-17 |
AU2016237291A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
PT3275535T (pt) | 2020-10-13 |
AU2016237291B2 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
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