WO2016152888A1 - 芳香族炭化水素の水素化触媒及びそれを用いた水素化処理方法 - Google Patents
芳香族炭化水素の水素化触媒及びそれを用いた水素化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016152888A1 WO2016152888A1 PCT/JP2016/059106 JP2016059106W WO2016152888A1 WO 2016152888 A1 WO2016152888 A1 WO 2016152888A1 JP 2016059106 W JP2016059106 W JP 2016059106W WO 2016152888 A1 WO2016152888 A1 WO 2016152888A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- catalyst
- titania
- metal
- hydrogenation catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 83
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 37
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- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- INNSZZHSFSFSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O INNSZZHSFSFSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
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- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
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- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst for hydrogenating an aromatic hydrocarbon compound to an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound and a hydrotreating method using the same.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 An organic chemical hydride method has been proposed as one of the techniques.
- hydrogen which is the lightest gas
- an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene
- an organic chemical hydride such as methylcyclohexane that is liquid at room temperature and pressure
- this organic chemical halide After being transported to the place where hydrogen is used and stored at the place of use, a dehydrogenation reaction is performed at this place of use to produce hydrogen as a product, and aromatics such as toluene produced by the dehydrogenation reaction are recovered and It is a method of reuse. Since this method uses toluene and methylcyclohexane, which are gasoline components, hydrogen storage and transportation can be handled in the same way as gasoline, and the existing infrastructure for gasoline distribution can be diverted.
- a catalyst in which a group 10 metal or a group 6 metal is supported on a carrier made of a porous inorganic oxide such as silica, diatomaceous earth, or alumina has been conventionally used. It was. Although such a hydrogenation catalyst can obtain a certain degree of catalytic activity and selectivity by supporting a relatively large amount of the metal, it is not always satisfactory in terms of suppression of side reactions and stability.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is excellent in terms of stability and suppression of side reactions with a relatively small amount of supported metal is converted to an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound. It aims at providing the hydrogenation catalyst which hydrogenates, and the hydrotreating method using the same.
- the hydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention is a catalyst for hydrogenating an aromatic hydrocarbon compound to an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound, and is composed of at least a composite carrier comprising alumina and titania. Table 10 Group 10 metal is supported.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon compound hydrogenation catalyst which is excellent in terms of suppression of side reactions and stability despite a relatively small amount of supported metal.
- the hydrogenation catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the group 10 metal of the periodic table is supported on a composite support composed of at least alumina and titania.
- the hydrogenation catalyst carrier of one specific example of the present invention is made of at least two kinds of metals, alumina (aluminum oxide) and titania (titanium oxide).
- alumina aluminum oxide
- titania titanium oxide
- titania on the surface of a substrate made of alumina. Has a coated form.
- Alumina easily forms a porous body having a large specific surface area, and a porous composite support (hereinafter simply referred to as a composite support) formed by coating the porous body with titanium oxide has an extremely large specific surface area. Can be secured.
- the shape of the substrate made of alumina is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be adopted, but a large specific surface area can be secured, a wide pore structure can be controlled, and the mechanical strength is high. Since it is high, a skeleton structure in which a plurality of needle-like bodies or columnar bodies are entangled in a three-dimensionally complex manner to form a porous portion is more preferable.
- a preferable size of the needle-like body or columnar body is preferably 2.5 or more in aspect ratio (length in the longitudinal direction / equivalent diameter in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction), and more preferably 5 or more. .
- the substrate made of alumina is preferably synthesized by the pH swing method described later.
- the pH swing method By forming by the pH swing method, it is possible to form a substantially homogeneous porous body structure in which a plurality of needles of substantially the same size described above are entangled in a complicated manner in three dimensions.
- a substrate made of an inorganic oxide having a desired pore structure can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the synthesis conditions.
- the pH swing method is to swing the inorganic oxide into the dissolution region and the precipitation region by changing the pH of the inorganic oxide synthesis solution that is the raw material of alumina between the acidic side and the alkaline side. It is a synthesis method that grows almost uniformly up to the size.
- desired pores are controlled by appropriately controlling various conditions such as the number of swings, synthesis temperature, acidic and alkaline pH and holding time, raw material concentration, and presence / absence of additives such as a particle growth regulator. It is possible to obtain inorganic oxide particles having a structure (uniform and having an arbitrary pore size). Therefore, various conditions at the time of synthesizing the inorganic oxide by the pH swing method may be appropriately selected according to the use of the catalyst.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-16773 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-56283, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-120508, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-44605, Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-97010, This is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-115638, “Ceramics” 1998 No. 4 and the like.
- the present invention is intended to include these disclosures.
- the above-mentioned titanium oxide to be coated on the surface of the porous substrate made of alumina generally has a substantially spherical shape, and this may be directly attached to the surface of the substrate. It is preferable that the shape of the titanium oxide cannot be confirmed by bringing it into an integrated state chemically and / or microscopically. As a result of intensive studies on this matter, the present inventors have made it possible to perform X-ray diffraction by coating titanium oxide on the surface of an alumina base material in a state of being chemically and / or microscopically integrated with alumina.
- “chemically and / or microscopically integrated” means that the titanium oxide coating the surface of the porous substrate made of alumina is simply physically attached to the surface of the substrate such as agglomeration or mixing. It refers to a state in which alumina and titanium oxide are integrated by bonding so as to cover the surface of the base material in a state of being extremely finely crystallized or not being in contact with each other.
- This integrated composite carrier exhibits high catalytic activity of titanium oxide itself without being influenced by the chemical characteristics of alumina as a core.
- the surface of the primary particles of alumina crystals as a base material is coated with a thin layer of titanium hydroxide.
- almost all exposed surfaces of the carrier can be made of titanium oxide regardless of the size of the pores, so only the properties derived from titanium oxide Can be expressed.
- a composite carrier having a surface of an alumina substrate coated with titanium oxide has a large specific surface area, a large pore volume, a pore distribution suitable for a reactant, and a high mechanical strength alumina substrate.
- a carrier having both the characteristics and the excellent chemical properties of titanium oxide having high surface activity can be realized.
- expensive and high-density titanium is only coated on the surface of the base material, the weight can be reduced and the cost can be significantly reduced as compared with a high-purity titanium oxide carrier.
- a plurality of alumina particles and a plurality of titania particles are mixed without being chemically and / or microscopically integrated.
- the carrier bound in (1) may be partially contained.
- the titania particles mixed with the alumina particles in this case can be considered to be titanium oxide particles that are not chemically and / or microscopically integrated with the alumina base material.
- an anatase crystal (101) indicating the presence of titania in the X-ray diffraction analysis according to the content ratio of the titania particles.
- the carrier used in the hydrogenation catalyst of one specific example of the present invention even if a peak corresponding to the (101) plane of the anatase crystal is detected by X-ray diffraction analysis, the peak intensity is The titania with crystals is much smaller than a carrier that is only physically mixed with alumina. This is because even if this type of titania particles is present in the support used in the hydrogenation catalyst of one embodiment of the present invention, it is only a minor abundance relative to the total titanium oxide contained as the support. is there.
- the titania particles assumed here are synthesized and washed from the same titanium raw material as the carrier used in the hydrogenation catalyst of one embodiment of the present invention, and finally the same as the carrier used in the hydrogenation catalyst of one embodiment of the present invention. It can be considered to have anatase crystals fired at temperature.
- the repetition length of the crystal lattice plane of titanium oxide on the surface of the alumina base material is preferably 50 mm or less, more preferably The state which is 40 cm or less, Most preferably, it is 20 cm or less can be mentioned.
- such a material with a repetitive crystal lattice plane when measured with an X-ray diffractometer, causes an overlap with other diffraction lines, which exceeds the measurement limit.
- TEM image high-magnification (for example, 2 million times) image
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- alumina and titanium oxide particles cannot be clearly distinguished from the crystal lattice spacing in a TEM image by a general TEM apparatus.
- not all of the above-described composite carriers can clearly distinguish alumina and titanium oxide particles in a TEM image.
- the porous material is mainly derived from the pore structure originally possessed by alumina itself, and in addition, the surface is covered with a thin layer of titanium oxide. Therefore, there are those derived from the outer surface state of the titanium oxide, and the pore structure of the composite carrier described above is determined by both.
- the specific surface area is almost determined by the particle size, but due to the poor thermal stability of the titanium oxide itself, the titanium oxide particles are in contact with each other with heating. Aggregation occurs and large particles are formed, resulting in a decrease in specific surface area.
- the surface state of alumina which is excellent in thermal stability, is reflected almost as it is, so that the specific surface area is almost determined at the stage of the porous alumina substrate, and this specific surface area is almost constant even when heated.
- a composite carrier that is maintained can be obtained.
- an extremely large specific surface area can be appropriately controlled.
- the specific surface area is preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 130 m 2 / g or more, and 150 m 2 / g or more in order to have excellent suitability as a catalyst support. Particularly preferred.
- the specific surface area in this case can be measured by, for example, a mercury intrusion method or a nitrogen adsorption method.
- a Group 10 metal compound of the periodic table is supported as a catalytic metal compound on the above-described composite carrier.
- the Group 10 metal include nickel compounds, and nickel nitrate, basic nickel carbonate and the like are particularly preferable.
- the supported amount (content) of the Group 10 metal compound of the periodic table is the total amount of oxides based on the entire catalyst (that is, the above-described composite carrier and the Group 10 metal compound of the periodic table, and Is preferably in the range of 5 to 35% by mass, more preferably in the range of 6 to 20% by mass. If the supported amount of the metal compound is less than 5% by mass, sufficient catalytic activity may not be obtained.
- the method for producing a hydrogenation catalyst according to one specific example of the present invention includes a base material preparation step, a coating step, a washing step, a molding step, a firing step, an impregnation step, and a drying step.
- a base material preparation step a coating step, a washing step, a molding step, a firing step, an impregnation step, and a drying step.
- alumina serving as the base material for the hydrogenation catalyst carrier of one specific example of the present invention hydrosol, hydrogel, xerogel, etc. containing alumina hydrate particles as a raw material can be used.
- alumina hydrate particles As the crystal system of the alumina hydrate particles, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, alumina gel, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the method for preparing the alumina hydrate particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably synthesized by the pH swing method as described above. By synthesizing by the pH swing method, an alumina having a homogeneous shape and a pore sharpness degree of 60% or more can be obtained.
- the alumina hydrate particles thus prepared preferably have a pore volume in the range of 0.36 to 1.10 mL / g after being calcined at 500 ° C. for 3 hours in the calcining step described later.
- the pore volume is less than 0.36 mL / g, the packing density when the catalyst metal is loaded becomes high (for example, more than 1.1 g / mL), which exceeds the load capacity of the existing hydrogenation reactor. There is a fear.
- the pore volume exceeds 1.10 mL / g, the catalyst particle crushing strength (SCS, Side Crushing Strength) is low when the catalyst metal is supported (for example, less than 0.6 kg / mm on a 1 mm diameter basis). As a result, the practical strength may not be maintained.
- SCS Side Crushing Strength
- the degree of pore sharpness after firing the alumina hydrate particles at 500 ° C. for 3 hours is preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 70% or more.
- the “pore sharpness degree” is a numerical value that is an index of the uniformity of the pore diameter, and means that the pore diameters of the catalyst and the carrier are more uniform as the degree of pore sharpness approaches 100%.
- the degree of pore sharpness can be calculated from the cumulative pore distribution curve measured by mercury porosimetry. Specifically, the pore diameter (median diameter) at 50% of the pore volume is obtained, and then the partial pore volume (PVM) existing within the pore diameter range of ⁇ 5% of the logarithmic value of the median diameter is obtained. From the partial pore volume (PVM) and the pore volume (PVT), the degree of pore sharpness can be determined by the following formula 1.
- an acidic compound aqueous solution containing titanium and an aqueous solution containing an alkaline compound are added within a predetermined temperature and pH range to a hydrosol containing alumina hydrate particles formed by the pH swing method described above.
- This is a step of obtaining alumina hydrate particles coated with titanium hydroxide by coating titanium hydroxide particles on the surface of the alumina hydrate particles while keeping the pH constant.
- titanium compound containing titanium hereinafter also simply referred to as “titanium compound”
- titanium sulfate, titanyl sulfate, titanium chloride, titanium peroxide, titanium oxalate, titanium acetate, and the like are preferable.
- the titanium compound aqueous solution is added to the alumina hydrate particles in a hydrosol in which the alumina hydrate particles are dispersed under the conditions of temperature and pH described later.
- the aqueous solution containing is preferably added simultaneously and continuously.
- the temperature condition at this time is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 15 to 80 ° C.
- the alumina hydrate particles are produced by the pH swing method described above and the titanium compound aqueous solution is added as it is, depending on the production temperature conditions of the alumina hydrate particles, it is approximately within the range of 50 to 100 ° C.
- the temperature falls within the range of about room temperature to 50 ° C.
- the pH condition at this time is preferably within the range of pH 4.5 to 6.5, and the titanium compound aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing the alkaline compound are preferably added simultaneously and continuously while keeping the pH as constant as possible.
- the term “keep constant” here refers to a case where control is performed as close to the target pH value as possible. For example, it is preferable to control so as to be within a range of ⁇ 0.5 with respect to the target pH value.
- the coating amount of the titanium hydroxide particles is the mass ratio (mass%) of the oxide standards of the titanium hydroxide particles to the total oxide standards of the alumina hydrate particles and the titanium hydroxide particles.
- the coating amounts of titanium hydroxide particles of 0% by mass and 100% by mass indicate the case of only alumina hydrate particles and the case of titanium hydroxide particles, respectively.
- the coating amount (or coating amount) of titanium hydroxide particles when “the coating amount (or coating amount) of titanium hydroxide particles” is used, similarly, titanium hydroxide particles with respect to the total of oxide standards of titanium hydroxide particles and alumina hydrate particles. It means the mass ratio (mass%) based on oxide.
- the isoelectric point was measured by an electrophoretic light scattering method using an HLS-8000 type apparatus manufactured by Otsuka Electronics as a measuring apparatus.
- the isoelectric point was determined by determining the pH at which the zeta potential was 0 from the relationship between the measured pH and the zeta potential, and using this as the isoelectric point.
- pH 4 which is the isoelectric point of 100% titanium hydroxide particles in principle. More than .2 and a value less than the isoelectric point corresponding to the concentration of each titanium hydroxide particle (coating amount of titanium hydroxide). For example, when the concentration of titanium hydroxide particles is 10% by mass, the pH is less than 9.2.
- the pH range when the surface of the alumina hydrate particles is uniformly and firmly coated with titanium hydroxide is preferably within the range of pH 4.5 to 6.5 as described above. This is because when the pH is 4.5 or more, the zeta potential of the titanium hydroxide particles is ⁇ 5.0 mV or less (absolute value is 5.0 mV or more), and the pH is 6.5 or less.
- the zeta potential of the alumina hydrate particles is 20 mV or more (absolute value is 20 mV or more), and the titanium hydroxide is always negatively charged and the alumina hydrate particles are positively charged and can be firmly bonded to each other. Because. In other words, by setting the pH within the above range, titanium hydroxide attracts strongly to the surface of the alumina hydrate particles in a plus / minus relationship, so that efficient and strong coating can be achieved.
- the operation of the coating process is more preferably performed under the condition of a coating time of 5 minutes to 5 hours within a pH fluctuation range of ⁇ 0.5 centering on the pH shown in the following formula 2.
- T is the coating amount (mass%) of titanium hydroxide on the composite carrier.
- Equation 2 above shows the relationship between the zeta potential of titanium hydroxide particles and alumina hydrate particles and the pH, and the conditions in which both zeta potentials are effectively separated from each other positively and negatively with the coating amount of titanium hydroxide as a variable. It is a derived relational expression.
- the titanium hydroxide coated on the surface of the alumina hydrate particles under the above-described conditions is characterized in that it does not show the crystal structure of anatase, which is a titanium hydrate, as a result of analysis by X-ray diffraction. This will be described in detail in the baking step described later.
- the coating amount of the hydroxide particles of titanium coated on the surface of the alumina hydrate particles is preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by mass with respect to the entire composite carrier, and in the range of 10 to 35% by mass. It is more preferable to make it inside. If the coating amount is less than 5% by mass, the effect of adding titanium hydroxide may not be sufficiently exhibited. If the coating amount exceeds 40% by mass, the titanium hydroxides aggregate together, and the surface of the alumina hydrate particles It may not be uniformly coated.
- a dehydration process is performed until the moisture content of the alumina hydrate particles coated with titanium hydroxide obtained in the washing step reaches a moldable water amount.
- This dehydration treatment is generally performed by a mechanical solid-liquid separation operation such as pressure filtration, suction filtration, and centrifugal filtration. For example, it may be dried using excess heat, or dehydration and drying. And may be combined.
- this dehydration treatment for example, using a molding machine, it is molded into a shape suitable for the intended use such as a columnar shape, a clover shape, a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, etc., to obtain an alumina hydrate particle molded body coated with titanium hydroxide.
- This firing step is a step of firing the alumina hydrate particle compact coated with titanium hydroxide obtained in the above molding step to change the titanium hydroxide to titanium oxide to produce a carrier coated with titania.
- the ambient temperature during firing is preferably in the range of 100 to 600 ° C, more preferably in the range of 120 to 500 ° C. If this atmospheric temperature is less than 100 ° C., it takes too much time for baking, so it is not practical. When the temperature exceeds 600 ° C., anatase crystal form is observed, and the titania coating becomes non-uniform.
- the specific surface area of the support coated with titania tends to be larger than the specific surface area of the alumina hydrate particles as the base material. is there.
- titanium hydroxide coated on the surface of alumina hydrate by the above method is characterized in that it does not show the crystal structure of anatase in the analysis result by X-ray diffraction.
- this peak is not detected, it is considered that the surface of the alumina hydrate particles is firmly and uniformly coated with titanium hydroxide, and further, the repetition length of the crystal lattice plane of titanium hydroxide. However, it is suggested that it is 50 mm or less.
- titanium hydroxide when coated outside the above conditions has a high probability of showing the crystal structure of anatase, which is a titanium hydrate, as a result of analysis by X-ray diffraction, and does not become a strong coating.
- the probability is also high.
- the pH is maintained at 8.0 and titanium hydroxide is coated at 30% by mass based on the oxide, the charges of the titanium hydroxide and titania-coated alumina hydrate particles are both negative. Repels each other, making it difficult to perform a strong coating.
- the impregnation step a step of impregnating the alumina carrier coated with titania obtained in the above firing step (hereinafter also referred to as titania-coated alumina carrier) with an aqueous solution containing a Group 10 metal compound of the periodic table as a catalyst metal compound. It is.
- the group 10 metal compound of the periodic table supported by impregnation of the aqueous solution containing the catalyst component described above is preferably aged so as to be uniformly and stably supported on the titania-coated alumina support as an active metal.
- “aging” refers to impregnation with an aqueous solution containing a catalyst component, and then allowing to stand in that state. The aging time is preferably within the range of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the titania-coated alumina carrier impregnated with the aqueous solution containing the catalyst component in the impregnation step is dried.
- the drying temperature is preferably within the range of 100 to 500 ° C.
- the heating may be continued as it is for baking.
- the drying time is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 24 hours.
- the hydrotreating apparatus is preferably a fixed bed system, and the reaction conditions in this case can be set to various conditions taking into account the restrictions due to the structure of the reactor, etc.
- the speed (LHSV) is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 hr ⁇ 1 , the pressure in the range of 0.3 to 15 MPaG, and the temperature in the range of about 100 to 350 ° C.
- the catalyst packing density (CBD: Compact Bulk Density) is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.1 g / mL, and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 g / mL. More preferred.
- the packing density (CBD) is less than 0.5 g / mL, the particle crushing strength (SCS) of the catalyst is low (for example, 0.6 kg / mm or less), which may be less than the practical strength of the catalyst.
- SCS particle crushing strength
- the packing density (CBD) was measured as follows. First, the catalyst fractionated between 30 and 80 (mesh) using a sieve is dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours, and then about 30 g is collected and precisely weighed with an analytical balance, and is made of glass having an inner diameter of 21 mm and a capacity of 50 mL. Fill the graduated cylinder. Then, tapping well using a vibrator, the volume when the bulk is minimized is measured. The packing density (CBD) is obtained by dividing the mass obtained by precisely weighing the catalyst by the volume value when the bulk is minimized.
- a hydrogen reduction treatment as a pretreatment for activating the catalyst metal. Specifically, after introducing nitrogen gas into a hydrogenation reaction apparatus filled with a hydrogenation catalyst and purging oxygen in the system, the nitrogen gas is switched to hydrogen gas to perform hydrogen reduction treatment. As a result, the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst can be effectively expressed at a relatively early stage.
- the catalyst pretreated in this way functions as a hydrogenation catalyst in the hydrogenation step of the aromatic compound in the organic chemical hydride method.
- a hydrogen concentration of 30 to 70 vol% produced in a shift reactor of a coal gasification process is used.
- this aromatic hydrocarbon can be converted to an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon.
- aromatic compound used in the hydrogenation step benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, and the like can be used, but toluene having a boiling point and a melting point that can maintain a liquid phase without using a solvent is preferable.
- the reaction product obtained in the hydrogenation step of the aromatic compound is cooled and then gas-liquid separated to separate and remove unreacted hydrogen and by-product light gas, thereby hydrogenating aromatics as hydrogen for storage and transportation. Become a compound.
- the hydrosol obtained above was subjected to suction filtration, and contaminant ions contained in the hydrosol were removed by a washing operation in which water was again added to the collected gel and suction filtration was repeated.
- the obtained hydrosol H of the alumina hydrate particles after washing was adjusted to 1.8% by mass in terms of Al 2 O 3 and then held at 60 ° C., and the Ti equivalent concentration was first 1.7% by mass.
- the aqueous solution of titanium sulfate is continuously added to lower the pH of the solution to 5.6. From that point, the aqueous solution of 8% by mass of sodium hydroxide is added simultaneously with the continuous addition of the aqueous solution of titanium sulfate, and the pH of the hydrosol is 5.
- the composite hydride sol coated with the titanium hydroxide obtained above was washed by the same method as that for obtaining the above-mentioned alumina hydrate particle hydrosol H, and after removing foreign ions, further suction was performed. It was dehydrated and conditioned to a hydrogel state that could be extruded by filtration.
- the hydrogel was formed into a cylindrical shape using an extrusion molding machine. This molded body was dried in an air atmosphere at 120 ° C. for 3 hours, and further fired in an air atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 3 hours. Through the above operation, a cylindrical composite carrier A having a diameter of 1.3 mm was obtained. When the amount of titania contained in this composite carrier A was measured by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis, the content of titania in terms of oxide was 15% by mass.
- alumina carrier B for comparison, dehydration / humidification, molding, drying, and the like, except that the above-described washed alumina hydrate particle hydrosol H is not coated with titanium hydroxide. Firing was performed to obtain an alumina carrier B. Further, for comparison, the aqueous solution of titanium sulfate and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide used in the above-described coating of titanium hydroxide in a container having warm water heated to 60 ° C. has a pH of 5.6. It was continuously added in the same manner as in the case of preparing the composite carrier A so as to be maintained within ⁇ 0.1, thereby obtaining a titanium hydroxide hydrosol.
- the titania carrier C was obtained by performing from washing to calcination in the same manner as in the treatment of the composite hydrosol.
- the mixed carrier D was obtained by uniformly mixing the titania carrier C with the alumina carrier B so that the titania content was 15% by mass.
- FIG. 1 shows an X-ray diffraction chart of the composite carrier A and the mixed carrier D.
- FIG. 2 shows a chart of pore distribution.
- the pore volume of the alumina carrier B was 0.64 mL / g. Further, the pore diameter sharpness degree of the alumina carrier B calculated from this data according to [Equation 1] was 70%.
- the composite carrier A obtained by the above method is subdivided, and one of them is immersed in a 53.5% by mass nickel nitrate aqueous solution and impregnated, and then left as it is for 3 hours. Aged by letting. Then, it dried for 3 hours in 120 degreeC air atmosphere, and also baked for 3 hours in 450 degreeC air atmosphere. Thus, a hydrogenation catalyst of Sample 1 in which nickel was supported on the composite carrier A was produced. When the amount of nickel supported on the catalyst of Sample 1 was measured by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis, it was 22% by mass in terms of NiO.
- Ni carrying amount 10.0 mass% (sample 2), 7.5 mass% (sample 3), 5.0 mass% (sample 4) in terms of NiO
- Sample 5 a commercially available hydrogenation catalyst in which 22% by mass of nickel in NiO conversion was supported on diatomaceous earth as a carrier was prepared as Sample 5.
- the hydrogenation of toluene was carried out by supplying to each hydrogenation catalyst. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- FIG. 3 shows the change in toluene conversion with time
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of impurity selectivity.
- the data described in the column after 200 hr of the sample 4 is data after 170 hr.
- the toluene conversion rate is calculated from the toluene concentration [mass%] in the solution before and after the reaction
- the MCH selectivity is MCH production amount [mass%] / the reacted toluene amount [mass%]
- the impurity selectivity is The amount of impurities produced (total) [mass%] / the amount of toluene reacted [mass%].
- the reason why the sum of the MCH selectivity and the impurity selectivity does not become 100% is that methylcyclohexene (one of the MCH cyclo rings is a double bond), which is a reaction intermediate, exists. .
- the hydrogenation catalyst of Samples 1 to 3 in which nickel is supported on a composite carrier A in which an alumina base material is coated with titania is 7.5% by mass or more in terms of NiO is toluene. It can be seen that the conversion rate is high and the toluene conversion rate hardly changes, and therefore the activity and stability are extremely high.
- the hydrogenation catalyst of Sample 5 as a comparative example in which nickel was supported on diatomaceous earth had a good result of toluene conversion of 66.6% after 20 hours, but after 6 hours, 61.9%. It can be seen that the catalytic activity is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒について説明する。この本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒は、少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表の第10族金属が担持されていることを特徴としている。具体的に説明すると、本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の担体は、アルミナ(酸化アルミニウム)及びチタニア(酸化チタン)の少なくとも2種類の金属からなり、例えばアルミナからなる基材の表面にチタニアが被覆された形態を有している。アルミナは、それ自身大きな比表面積を有する多孔質体を形成しやすく、この多孔質体に酸化チタンを被覆してなる多孔質複合担体(以降、単に複合担体とも称する)においても極めて大きな比表面積を確保することができる。
次に、上記した本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の製造方法について説明する。この本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の製造方法は、基材作製工程、コーティング工程、洗浄工程、成形工程、焼成工程、含浸工程及び乾燥工程からなる。以下、工程順に説明する。
本発明の一具体例の水素化触媒の担体の基材となるアルミナは、その原料にアルミナ水和物粒子を含んだヒドロゾル、ヒドロゲル、キセロゲル等を使用することができる。このアルミナ水和物粒子の結晶系としては、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、アルミナゲルなど、またこれらを混合したものを用いることができる。アルミナ水和物粒子の調製方法については特に制限はないが、前述したようにpHスイング法で合成するのが好ましい。pHスイング法で合成することで、均質な形状を有し、細孔シャープネス度が60%以上のアルミナを得ることができる。なお、このpHスイング法で製造したアルミナ水和物粒子のヒドロゾル中には、原料のアルミナ化合物に由来する夾雑イオンが存在するため、必要に応じて後段のチタン水酸化物のコーティング工程の前に、当該夾雑イオンを洗浄除去する処理を行ってもよい。
細孔シャープネス度(%)=(PVM/PVT)×100
コーティング工程は、例えば前述したpHスイング法で形成したアルミナ水和物粒子を含むヒドロゾルに対して、チタンを含む酸性化合物水溶液及びアルカリ性化合物を含む水溶液を、所定の温度とpHの範囲内で添加し、pHを一定に保持しながらアルミナ水和物粒子の表面にチタンの水酸化物の粒子をコーティングして水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子を得る工程である。ここで「チタンを含む酸性化合物」(以下、単に「チタン化合物」とも称する)としては、硫酸チタン、硫酸チタニル、塩化チタン、過酸化チタン、シュウ酸チタン、酢酸チタンなどが好ましい。
pH=6.0-0.03×T
アルミナ水和物粒子の表面にチタンの水酸化物の粒子をコーティングした後の反応液には、例えば陽イオンとしてナトリウムイオンやアンモニアイオン、あるいは陰イオンとして硫酸イオンや塩素イオンなどの夾雑イオンが一般に含まれる。したがって、本洗浄工程では、上記コーティング工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子を洗浄する。この洗浄処理により、これら夾雑イオンを除去又は低減することができる。洗浄方法としては、吸引ろ過器、オリバーフィルター、加圧ろ過器等を用いて水で洗い流す洗浄・ろ過操作により行うのが好ましい。
次に、上記洗浄工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子に対して成形可能な水分量になるまで脱水処理を行う。この脱水処理は、加圧ろ過、吸引ろ過、遠心ろ過等の機械的な固液分離操作により行うことが一般的であるが、例えば余剰熱を利用して乾燥してもよいし、脱水と乾燥とを組み合わせてもよい。この脱水処理後、例えば成形機を用いて円柱状、クローバー状、円筒状、球状など使用目的に適した形状に成形して、水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子成形体を得る。
この焼成工程は、上記成形工程で得られた水酸化チタンで被覆されたアルミナ水和物粒子成形体を焼成して水酸化チタンを酸化チタンに変化させてチタニアで被覆された担体を作製する工程である。焼成する際の雰囲気温度は100~600℃の範囲内が好ましく、120~500℃の範囲内がより好ましい。この雰囲気温度が100℃未満では、焼成に時間がかかり過ぎるので実用的でなくなる。また、600℃を超えるとアナタースの結晶形が観測されるようになり、チタニアのコーティングが不均一になる。なお、上記の方法でアルミナにチタニアを被覆して得た担体の特徴として、基材であるアルミナ水和物粒子の比表面積よりもチタニアで被覆させた担体の比表面積の方が大きくなる傾向がある。
含浸工程においては、上記の焼成工程で得たチタニアで被覆されたアルミナ担体(以下、チタニア被覆アルミナ担体とも称する)に、触媒金属化合物として周期律表第10族金属化合物を含む水溶液を含浸させる工程である。上記した触媒成分を含有する水溶液の含浸により担持された周期律表第10族金属化合物は、活性金属としてチタニア被覆アルミナ担体に均一且つ安定的に担持されるようにするため、熟成させるのが好ましい。ここで「熟成」とは、触媒成分を含有する水溶液を含浸させた後、その状態で静置しておくことをいう。該熟成の時間としては、10分~24時間の範囲内が好ましい。
次に、触媒成分及び糖類をチタニア被覆アルミナ担体に安定化させるために、上記の含浸工程で触媒成分を含有する水溶液を含浸させたチタニア被覆アルミナ担体を乾燥させる。この場合の乾燥温度としては、100~500℃の範囲内が好ましい。乾燥後はそのまま加熱を続けて焼成してもよい。乾燥時間としては、0.5~24時間の範囲内が好ましい。以上の一連の工程からなる操作を行うことにより、高い触媒活性を示す水素化触媒が得られる。
次に、上記した水素化触媒を用いて水素化処理を行う方法について説明する。水素化処理装置は固定床方式が好ましく、その場合の反応条件としては、反応器の構造等による制約をふまえた上で様々な条件に設定することが可能であるが、一般的には液空間速度(LHSV)1~10hr-1の範囲内、圧力0.3~15MPaGの範囲内、温度100~350℃程度の範囲内にすることが好ましい。
複合担体Aの基材に相当するアルミナ担体Bについて、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製H-9000NARを用いてTEM分析を実施した。TEM分析では100万倍の画像により、アルミナ担体Bが針状体の一次粒子で構成されていることを確認した。形状認識の可能なそれらの針状体50個において、長辺方向と短辺方向の長さを測定した結果、針状体のアスペクト比は約5であった。
複合担体Aと混合担体Dについて、リガク製のX線回折分析装置SmartLab用いて、X線出力40kV、40mA、CuKαをX線源としてX線回折分析を実施した。図1に複合担体Aと混合担体DのX線回折チャートを示す。混合担体Dでは2θ=25.3°にチタニアのアナタース結晶の(101)面に相当するピークが特に高強度で観測されるのに対し、複合担体Aでは、チタニアの含有率が混合担体Dと同等であるにも拘らず、チタニアの該当ピークが全く観測されなかった。
複合担体Aの基材に相当するアルミナ担体Bについて、島津製作所製オートポアIV9520形を使用して、測定圧力414MPaまで加圧する水銀圧入法により、細孔容積及び細孔分布を測定した。図2に細孔分布のチャートを示す。アルミナ担体Bの細孔容積は0.64mL/gであった。また、本データから[式1]に従って算出したアルミナ担体Bの細孔径シャープネス度は70%であった。
複合担体Aについて、BET法により分析した比表面積は408m2/gであった。
Claims (6)
- 芳香族炭化水素化合物を脂肪族環状炭化水素化合物に水素化する触媒であって、少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表第10族金属が担持されていることを特徴とする水素化触媒。
- 前記周期律表第10族金属が予備水素還元処理されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記周期律表第10族金属がニッケルであり、該ニッケルが触媒全体に対して酸化ニッケル換算で5~35質量%含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記複合担体がアルミナからなる基材にチタニアが被覆されたものを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水素化触媒。
- 前記基材が複数の針状体又は柱状体が三次元的にからみ合って構成される多孔質構造体からなることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の水素化触媒。
- 少なくともアルミナとチタニアとからなる複合担体に周期律表第10族金属を担持させた後、該周期律表第10族金属を予備水素還元処理し、得られた水素化触媒に芳香族炭化水素及び水素を含んだ原料ガスを接触させることで脂肪族環状炭化水素化合物を生成することを特徴とする芳香族炭化水素の水素化処理方法。
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JP2022166739A (ja) | 2021-04-21 | 2022-11-02 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 水素化触媒ならびにこれを用いたフロー式有機合成システム及び水素化有機化合物の製造方法 |
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CN109772333A (zh) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-05-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种由固体直接制备的金属表面包覆催化剂及其应用 |
CN109772333B (zh) * | 2017-11-15 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种由固体直接制备的金属表面包覆催化剂及其应用 |
CN109772332B (zh) * | 2017-11-15 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种由固体直接制备的负载型金属催化剂及其应用 |
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JP2016179440A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
AU2016237291B2 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
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CA2979801A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
JP6456204B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
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EP3275535B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
US10745628B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
CA2979801C (en) | 2021-04-06 |
AU2016237291A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
US20170369793A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
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