JP2016041644A - シリコン材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
シリコン材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016041644A JP2016041644A JP2014166609A JP2014166609A JP2016041644A JP 2016041644 A JP2016041644 A JP 2016041644A JP 2014166609 A JP2014166609 A JP 2014166609A JP 2014166609 A JP2014166609 A JP 2014166609A JP 2016041644 A JP2016041644 A JP 2016041644A
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- Prior art keywords
- casi
- layer structure
- silicon material
- silicon
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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Abstract
【解決手段】3層構造CaSi2を含むCaSi2を400℃以上で加熱し、次いで150℃/h以上の速度で冷却する6層構造CaSi2製造工程、
前記工程を経たCaSi2を酸と反応させて層状シリコン化合物とする層状シリコン化合物製造工程、
前記層状シリコン化合物を300℃以上で加熱しシリコン材料とするシリコン材料製造工程、
を含むことを特徴とするシリコン材料の製造方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
3CaSi2+6HCl→Si6H6+3CaCl2
Si6H6→6Si+3H2↑
以下のとおり、実施例1のシリコン材料を製造した。
CaSi2として、JIS G2314で規定される鉄鋼の製造に用いられるカルシウムシリコンを準備した。当該CaSi2には、3層構造CaSi2及び6層構造CaSi2が22:78の比率で含まれる。CaSi2を乳鉢で粉砕し、60メッシュの篩にかけた。60メッシュ篩passのCaSi2を以下の工程に用いた。
上記CaSi250gをアルミナ製の坩堝に入れ、アルゴンガス雰囲気下の炉で700℃、12時間加熱した。アルゴンガス雰囲気下の炉内で、加熱後のCaSi2を室温まで冷却速度150℃/hで冷却した。このようにして得たCaSi2を実施例1のCaSi2とする。
氷浴中の36質量%HCl水溶液100mLに、アルゴンガス気流中にて上記実施例1のCaSi210gを加え、撹拌した。反応液から発泡の出現が無くなったのを確認した後に、さらに90分間撹拌した。反応液を濾過し、残渣を蒸留水、エタノール及びアセトンで洗浄し、さらに、室温で12時間以上減圧乾燥して8gの層状シリコン化合物を得た。
上記層状シリコン化合物8gをアルゴンガス雰囲気下、500℃で1時間加熱し、実施例1のシリコン材料を得た。
6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度を500℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例2のシリコン材料を得た。
6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度を650℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例3のシリコン材料を得た。
6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度を800℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例4のシリコン材料を得た。
6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度を900℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例5のシリコン材料を得た。
6層構造CaSi2製造工程を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例1のシリコン材料を得た。
CaSi2として6層構造CaSi2のみを含むものを準備した。
上記CaSi210gを炭素製の坩堝に入れ、アルゴンガス雰囲気下の炉で900℃、12時間加熱した。アルゴンガス雰囲気下の炉内で、加熱後のCaSi2を室温まで冷却速度150℃/hで冷却し、参考例1のCaSi2を得た。
冷却速度を50℃/hとした以外は、参考例1と同様の方法で、参考例2のCaSi2を得た。
粉末X線回折装置にて、実施例1〜5、比較例1、参考例1〜2のCaSi2のX線回折を測定した。なお、比較例1のCaSi2とは、実施例1〜5の6層構造CaSi2製造工程における原料である。実施例1〜5、比較例1のCaSi2について、得られたX線回折チャートを図1に示す。図1のX線回折チャートには、結晶データベースから引用した6層構造CaSi2と3層構造CaSi2のX線回折パターンについても記した。
比較例1のCaSi2、並びに、実施例1及び比較例1のシリコン材料の組成分析を、酸素については酸素窒素分析装置EMGA(株式会社堀場製作所)を用い、酸素以外の元素については蛍光X線分析装置を用いて行った。結果を表2に示す。表中の数値は質量%である。
粉末X線回折装置にて、実施例1のシリコン材料のX線回折を測定した。得られたX線回折チャートを図4に示す。図4のX線回折チャートには、結晶データベースから引用したシリコン結晶のX線回折パターンについても記した。
実施例1のシリコン材料を用いて、以下のとおり、実施例6のリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
負極活物質として実施例1のシリコン材料の代わりに比較例1のシリコン材料を採用した以外は、実施例6と同様の方法で、比較例2のリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
実施例6及び比較例2のリチウムイオン二次電池につき、評価極の対極に対する電圧が0.01Vになるまで0.1Cレートで放電を行い、10分後に、評価極の対極に対する電圧が0.08Vになるまで0.1Cレートで充電を行った。このときの放電容量及び充電容量を測定し、さらに、(充電容量/放電容量)×100を初期効率(%)として算出した。結果を表3に示す。
Claims (6)
- 3層構造CaSi2を含むCaSi2を400℃以上で加熱し、次いで150℃/h以上の速度で冷却する6層構造CaSi2製造工程、
前記工程を経たCaSi2を酸と反応させて層状シリコン化合物とする層状シリコン化合物製造工程、
前記層状シリコン化合物を300℃以上で加熱しシリコン材料とするシリコン材料製造工程、
を含むことを特徴とするシリコン材料の製造方法。 - 前記6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度が500℃以上である請求項1に記載のシリコン材料の製造方法。
- 前記6層構造CaSi2製造工程の加熱温度が680〜1000℃の範囲内である請求項1又は2に記載のシリコン材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の製造方法で得られたシリコン材料を負極活物質として具備するリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 3層構造CaSi2を400℃以上で加熱し、次いで150℃/h以上の速度で冷却する6層構造CaSi2の製造方法。
- 3層構造CaSi2を含むCaSi2を400℃以上で加熱し、次いで150℃/h以上の速度で冷却する6層構造CaSi2製造工程、
前記工程を経たCaSi2を酸と反応させて層状シリコン化合物とする層状シリコン化合物製造工程、
を含むことを特徴とする層状シリコン化合物の製造方法。
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