JP2015227051A - 押出機用スクリュ並びに押出機および押出方法 - Google Patents
押出機用スクリュ並びに押出機および押出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015227051A JP2015227051A JP2015082775A JP2015082775A JP2015227051A JP 2015227051 A JP2015227051 A JP 2015227051A JP 2015082775 A JP2015082775 A JP 2015082775A JP 2015082775 A JP2015082775 A JP 2015082775A JP 2015227051 A JP2015227051 A JP 2015227051A
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- B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
- B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
- B29C48/767—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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Abstract
Description
本発明によれば、原料に対するせん断作用と伸長作用の付与回数をあらかじめ設定することを可能にすることで、スクリュを長尺化させること無く、原料の混練度合いを格段に向上させることができる。
さらに、かかる循環構造によって循環する原料は、その一部が障壁部を越えて押し出され、逆流することは無い。このため、混練物を連続して生成することができる。さらに、このような循環構造によれば、押出機用スクリュを長尺化させること無く、原料に対するせん断作用と伸長作用の付与回数および付与時間を増やすことができる。
図1には、本実施形態に係る連続式高せん断加工装置1の構成が示されている。高せん断加工装置1は、第1の押出機2と、第2の押出機3と、第3の押出機4と、を直列に接続させて構成されている。なお、第3の押出機4は、必ずしも必要な装置ではなく、用途に応じて、連続式高せん断加工装置1に組み込まれる。
図2に示すように、第1の押出機2は、同方向回転型の二軸混練機として構成され、互いに噛み合う2本のスクリュ6a,6bと、これら2本のスクリュ6a,6bを回転可能に収容したバレル7とを備えている。2本のスクリュ6a,6bは、平行かつ真っ直ぐに延出させて構成されており、互いに噛み合わせた状態で同方向に回転させることができる。バレル7は、互いに噛み合わせた状態の2本のスクリュ6a,6bを回転可能に収容する収容部8と、投入部9(図1参照)から収容部8に投入された材料5を加熱して溶融させるためのヒータ(図示しない)と、を備えている。
図1に示すように、第2の押出機3は、単軸押出機として構成され、1本の押出機用スクリュ20と、このスクリュ20が回転可能に挿通されたシリンダ21a(図5、図6参照)を有するバレル21と、を備えている。第1の押出機2から連続的に押し出された原料は、通路部22を介して第2の押出機3に連続的に供給される。第2の押出機3において、原料にせん断作用と伸長作用とが付与されることで、混練物が連続的に生成される。生成された混練物は、通路部23を介して第3の押出機4に連続的に供給される。なお、当該スクリュ20を備えた第2の押出機3の具体的な構成については、後で詳細に説明する。
図4に示すように、第3の押出機4は、単軸押出機として構成され、真っ直ぐに延出した1本のベントスクリュ24と、このベントスクリュ24を回転可能に収容する収容部25aを有するバレル25と、収容部25a内を負圧に引くための真空ポンプ26と、を備えている。
図5および図6に示すように、第2の押出機3において、バレル21は、複数のバレルエレメント30に分割されている。それぞれのバレルエレメント30は、押出機用スクリュ20が回転可能に挿通される円筒状の貫通孔30hを有している。この場合、それぞれの貫通孔30hが同軸状に連続するように、複数のバレルエレメント30を一体的に結合させることで、一連のシリンダ21aを有するバレル21が構成されている。なお、図面には一例として、隣り合うバレルエレメント30を、ボルト31によって相互に結合させたバレル21が示されている。
図5ないし図8に示すように、押出機用スクリュ20は、スクリュ本体20pを備えている。スクリュ本体20pは、複数の円筒状の筒体36と、これらの筒体36を支持する1本の回転軸37と、から構成されている。なお、本明細書において、スクリュ本体20p(筒体36)の外周面36sとは、当該スクリュ本体20p(筒体36)の長手方向の両端面を含まない周方向に沿った外周面を指す。
以下の説明において、スクリュ本体20pの回転方向(左回転、右回転)とは、当該スクリュ本体20pの基端の側から見た場合の回転方向(左回転、右回転)である。また、フライト45a,45b,45c,46,48のねじれ方向(時計回り、逆時計回り)とは、スクリュ本体20pの基端の側から見た場合の当該フライト45a,45b,45c,46,48のねじれ方向(時計回り、逆時計回り)である。
図6、図8、図9に示すように、本実施形態に係る押出機用スクリュ20は、上記した複数のグループ(第1ないし第3搬送部42a,42b,42c)と、複数の障壁部43とが、軸方向(長手方向)に沿って交互に並んだスクリュ本体20pの内部に、複数の通路64が軸方向(長手方向)に沿って互いに間隔を存して設けられている。かかるスクリュ構造により、原料にせん断作用と伸長作用とを連続して付与する機能を有するスクリュ本体20pを備えたスクリュ20が実現される。
上記した軸方向循環部が複数個所に亘って設けられたスクリュ構造が実現される。
試験に際し、ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC)、および、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂(PMMA)の二種類の材料5を第1の押出機2に供給し、予備的に混練することで溶融状態の材料5を生成した。そして、その溶融状態の材料5を、第2の押出機3の原料として、第1の押出機2から第2の押出機3に連続的に供給した。
かかる試験によれば、目的とした透明な混練物を連続して得ることができた。
[押出機用スクリュ20の先端から基端に向けて混練物を押し出す構成]
以下の説明において、スクリュ本体20pの回転方向(左回転、右回転)とは、当該スクリュ本体20pの基端の側から見た場合の回転方向(左回転、右回転)である。また、フライト60a,60b,60c,61a,61b,61cのねじれ方向(時計回り、逆時計回り)とは、スクリュ本体20pの基端の側から見た場合の当該フライト60a,60b,60c,61a,61b,61cのねじれ方向(時計回り、逆時計回り)である。
本変形例に係る第2の押出機3において、供給口32は、バレル21の他端の側に設けられ、吐出口33は、バレル21の一端の側に設けられている。また、押出機用スクリュ20は、第1ないし第3搬送部58a,58b,58cと複数の障壁部59a,59b,59cとをスクリュ本体20pの先端から基端に向かって交互に配置させて構成されている。
次に、このような構成を有する押出機用スクリュ20によって原料を混練する動作について説明する。この動作説明では、押出機用スクリュ20を逆時計回りに左回転させながら、スクリュ本体20pの先端から基端に向けて混練物を押し出す場合を想定する。
上記した一実施形態では、通路64(具体的には、通路本体66)をスクリュ本体20p(筒体36)の内部に構成した場合を想定したが、これに代えて、スクリュ本体20pを構成する各筒体36の内周面に沿って回転軸37の支持部39を貫通させたときに、各筒体36と回転軸37との境界部分に通路64(通路本体66)が構成されるようにしてもよい。なお、本変形例の構成として、図16ないし図19には、図7に対応した部分の構成が示されている。
38…連結部、39…支持部、40…ストッパ部、41…軸線、
42a,42b,42c…搬送部、43…障壁部、44…吐出用搬送部、
45a,45b,45c,46…フライト、47…隙間、48…障壁用フライト、
64…通路、65…入口、66…通路本体、67…出口。
Claims (12)
- 原料を混練しつつ搬送する押出機用スクリュであって、
原料の搬送方向に沿った直線状の軸線を有し、当該軸線を中心に回転するスクリュ本体と、
前記スクリュ本体の軸方向に沿って設けられ、前記スクリュ本体の回転に伴って、原料を、前記スクリュ本体の周方向に亘る外周面に沿って軸方向に搬送する複数の搬送部と、
前記スクリュ本体に設けられ、前記搬送部と隣り合った位置で原料の搬送を制限する複数の障壁部と、
前記スクリュ本体の内部に設けられ、入口および出口を有する複数の通路と、を備え、
前記入口は、前記障壁部によって搬送が制限されることで圧力が高められた原料が流入するように、前記搬送部における前記スクリュ本体の外周面に開口され、
前記各通路は、前記入口から流入した原料が、前記出口に向かって、前記搬送部による搬送方向とは逆方向に流通するとともに、
前記出口は、前記入口が開口された前記搬送部における搬送方向の上流側の位置で、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に開口されている押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記各通路の口径は、当該各通路における前記入口の口径と同一、あるいは、小さく設定されている請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記各通路の口径は、1mm以上かつ6mm未満に設定されている請求項1に記載の押出機用スクリュ。
- 前記スクリュ本体は、回転装置に連結される基端から先端に亘り軸方向に沿って延出しており、
前記搬送部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って螺旋状にねじれたフライトが設けられ、
前記フライトは、前記スクリュ本体の基端から先端に向かって、前記基端の側から見た場合の当該スクリュ本体の回転方向とは逆方向にねじれている請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記スクリュ本体は、回転装置に連結される基端から先端に亘り軸方向に沿って延出しており、
前記搬送部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って螺旋状にねじれたフライトが設けられ、
前記フライトは、前記スクリュ本体の基端から先端に向かって、前記基端の側から見た場合の当該スクリュ本体の回転方向と同方向にねじれている請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記各障壁部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って周方向に連続した障壁用円環状体が設けられ、
前記障壁用円環状体は、軸線を中心に周方向に沿って同心円状に連続した円筒面を有して構成されている請求項4に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記各障壁部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って螺旋状にねじれた障壁用フライトが設けられ、
前記障壁用フライトは、前記スクリュ本体の基端から先端に向かって、前記基端の側から見た場合の当該スクリュ本体の回転方向と同方向にねじれている請求項4に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記各障壁部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って周方向に連続した障壁用円環状体が設けられ、
前記障壁用円環状体は、軸線を中心に周方向に沿って同心円状に連続した円筒面を有して構成されている請求項5に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 前記各障壁部には、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に沿って螺旋状にねじれた障壁用フライトが設けられ、
前記障壁用フライトは、前記スクリュ本体の基端から先端に向かって、前記基端の側から見た場合の当該スクリュ本体の回転方向とは逆方向にねじれている請求項5に記載の押出機用スクリュ。 - 請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の押出機用スクリュを備え、当該スクリュで原料を混練し、その混練物を連続的に生成して押し出す押出機であって、
前記スクリュが回転可能に挿通されたシリンダを有するバレルと、
前記バレルに設けられ、前記シリンダ内に原料を供給する供給口と、
前記バレルに設けられ、混練物が押し出される吐出口と、を備えている押出機。 - 請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の押出機用スクリュで原料を混練し、その混練物を連続的に生成して押し出す押出方法であって、
原料を前記スクリュ本体の前記搬送部によって軸方向に搬送し、
前記スクリュ本体の前記障壁部によって原料の搬送を制限することで、原料に加わる圧力を高め、
前記圧力が高められた原料が、前記スクリュ本体の内部に設けられた前記通路に流入するとともに、当該通路内を前記搬送部による搬送方向とは逆方向に流通し、
前記通路を通過した原料を、前記入口が開口された前記搬送部における搬送方向の上流側の位置で、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に帰還させる押出方法。 - 原料を混練しつつ搬送する押出機用スクリュであって、
原料の搬送方向に沿った直線状の軸線を有し、当該軸線を中心に回転するスクリュ本体を有し、
前記スクリュ本体には、原料を搬送する搬送部と、原料の搬送を制限する障壁部と、原料が流通する通路とが、複数の個所に亘って設けられ、
そのうちの少なくとも1つの箇所において、
前記通路は、前記スクリュ本体の内部に設けられ、入口および出口を有し、
前記入口は、前記障壁部によって搬送が制限されることで圧力が高められた原料が流入するように、前記搬送部における前記スクリュ本体の外周面に開口され、
前記通路は、前記入口から流入した原料が、前記出口に向かって、前記搬送部による搬送方向とは逆方向に流通するように構成されているとともに、
前記出口は、前記入口が開口された前記搬送部における搬送方向の上流側の位置で、前記スクリュ本体の外周面に開口されている押出機用スクリュ。
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KR20160148027A (ko) | 2016-12-23 |
US10967554B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
JP6639798B2 (ja) | 2020-02-05 |
TW201615277A (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
DE112015002161B4 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
TWI628004B (zh) | 2018-07-01 |
WO2015170568A1 (ja) | 2015-11-12 |
US11752682B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
US20210154906A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
CN106457612A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
DE112015002161T5 (de) | 2017-02-02 |
US20170113394A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
CN106457612B (zh) | 2018-12-04 |
KR101974707B1 (ko) | 2019-05-02 |
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