JP2014038767A - リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014038767A JP2014038767A JP2012180466A JP2012180466A JP2014038767A JP 2014038767 A JP2014038767 A JP 2014038767A JP 2012180466 A JP2012180466 A JP 2012180466A JP 2012180466 A JP2012180466 A JP 2012180466A JP 2014038767 A JP2014038767 A JP 2014038767A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- secondary battery
- cyclic silazane
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910007991 Si-N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910006294 Si—N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明により提供されるリチウム二次電池は、正極活物質としてリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いるリチウム二次電池である。このリチウム二次電池を構成する負極の近傍には、環状シラザン系化合物および/またはその反応生成物が存在している。また、前記環状シラザン系化合物は、該環状シラザン系化合物を構成する環にSi−N結合を含み、かつ該環状シラザン系化合物は少なくとも1つのビニル基を有する。
【選択図】図5
Description
(3)また、正極活物質として、一般式:Li2MO3;で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いてもよい。ここで、Mは、Mn,Fe,Co等の遷移金属元素の少なくとも1種を含み、他の金属元素または非金属元素をさらに含み得る。具体例としては、Li2MnO3,Li2PtO3等が挙げられる。
(4)さらに、一般式:LiMPO4;で表されるリチウム遷移金属化合物(リン酸塩)が挙げられる。ここで、Mは、Mn,Fe,Ni,Co等の遷移金属元素の少なくとも1種を含み、他の金属元素または非金属元素をさらに含み得る。具体例としては、LiMnPO4,LiFePO4等が挙げられる。
(5)また、正極活物質として、一般式:Li2MPO4F;で表されるリチウム遷移金属化合物(リン酸塩)を用いてもよい。ここで、Mは、Mn,Ni,Co等の遷移金属元素の少なくとも1種を含み、他の金属元素または非金属元素をさらに含み得る。具体例としては、LiMnPO4F等が挙げられる。
(6)さらに、LiMO2とLi2MO3との固溶体を正極活物質として用いることができる。ここで、LiMO2は上記(2)に記載の一般式で表される組成を指し、Li2MO3は上記(3)に記載の一般式で表される組成を指す。具体例としては、0.5LiNiMnCoO2−0.5Li2MnO3で表される固溶体が挙げられる。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4粉末(NiMnスピネル)と、導電材としてアセチレンブラックと、結着材としてPVdFとを、これらの材料の質量比が85:10:5となるようにNMPで混合して、ペースト状の正極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、アルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の片面に塗付量が6.5mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗付した。その塗付物を乾燥させ、プレスした後、所定サイズ(直径14mmの円形)に切り出して正極を得た。
負極活物質としてグラファイト粉末と、結着材としてPVdFとを、これらの材料の質量比が92.5:7.5となるようにNMPで混合して、ペースト状の負極合材層形成用組成物を調製した。この組成物を、銅箔(厚さ15μm)の片面に塗付量が4.3mg/cm2(固形分基準)となるように均一に塗付した。その塗付物を乾燥させ、プレスした後、所定サイズ(直径16mmの円形)に切り出して負極を得た。
上記のようにして作製した正極と負極とを用いて、図4に示す概略構造のコイン型(2032型)電池200を作製した。すなわち、上記で作製した正極30および負極40を、非水電解液25を含浸させたセパレータ50とともに積層し、容器80(負極端子)に収容した後、さらに同電解液を滴下した。次いで、ガスケット60および蓋70(正極端子)で容器80を封止して、電池200を得た。セパレータとしては、厚み25μmのポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルムを所定サイズ(直径19mmの円形)に切り出したものを使用した。非水電解液としては、ECとEMCとDMCとの3:4:3(体積比)混合溶媒に、支持塩として約1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解し、さらに環状シラザン系化合物として2,4,6−トリメチル−2,4,6−トリビニルシクロトリシラザン(3VCSZ)0.5%を含有させた電解液を用いた。
3VCSZの含有率(添加率)を表1に示すように代えた他は例1と同様にして例2,3に係るコイン型電池を作製した。
3VCSZを用いなかった他は例1と同様にして例4に係るコイン型電池を作製した。
3VCSZをオクタメチルシクロテトラシラザンに代えた他は例1と同様にして例5に係るコイン型電池を作製した。
上記で得られた各電池に対して、温度25℃にて、1/10Cのレートで4.1Vまで充電する操作と、同じレートで3.0Vまで放電させる操作とを交互に3回繰り返した。次いで、60℃の温度環境において、4.9Vまでの定電流定電圧(CCCV)充電(1Cレート、0.15Cカット)と、3.5Vまでの定電流(CC)放電(1Cレート)とを100サイクル繰り返した(サイクル試験)。1サイクル目の放電容量(初期放電容量)を100%として、100サイクル後の放電容量の維持率(%)を求めた。得られた結果を表1に示す。また、例1と例4における容量維持率(%)とサイクル数との関係を図5に示す。
10 電池ケース
12 開口部
14 蓋体
20 捲回電極体
25 非水電解質(非水電解液)
30 正極(正極シート)
32 正極集電体
34 正極合材層
35 正極集電体積層部
36 正極合材層非形成部
37 内部正極端子
38 外部正極端子
40 負極(負極シート)
42 負極集電体
44 負極合材層
45 負極集電体積層部
46 負極合材層非形成部
47 内部負極端子
48 外部負極端子
50,50A,50B セパレータ(セパレータシート)
100 リチウム二次電池
Claims (10)
- 正極活物質としてリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いるリチウム二次電池であって、
前記リチウム二次電池を構成する負極の近傍には、環状シラザン系化合物および/またはその反応生成物が存在しており、
前記環状シラザン系化合物は、該環状シラザン系化合物を構成する環にSi−N結合を含み、かつ該環状シラザン系化合物は少なくとも1つのビニル基を有する、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質の作動上限電位は、金属リチウム基準で4.35V以上である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、Liと、遷移金属元素としてNiおよびMnと、を含むスピネル構造のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウム二次電池を製造する方法であって、
正極活物質としてリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む正極と、負極と、を用意すること、および
少なくとも前記負極に環状シラザン系化合物を供給すること、を包含し、
前記環状シラザン系化合物は、該環状シラザン系化合物を構成する環にSi−N結合を含み、かつ該環状シラザン系化合物は少なくとも1つのビニル基を有する、リチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記環状シラザン系化合物の供給は、
前記環状シラザン系化合物を含む非水電解質を用意すること、および
前記用意した非水電解質を、前記正極と前記負極とを備える電極体に供給すること、を包含する、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記正極活物質として、作動上限電位が金属リチウム基準で4.35V以上の正極活物質を用いる、請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質として、Liと遷移金属元素としてNiおよびMnとを含むスピネル構造のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を用いる、請求項5〜8のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池を搭載した車両。
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