JP2013534699A - 階段状スキャフォールド燃料アノードを備える電気化学セル - Google Patents
階段状スキャフォールド燃料アノードを備える電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、本発明は、特定の燃料に限定されるように意図されたものではなく、他の燃料を用いてもよい。燃料は、イオン伝導性媒質に懸濁した粒子として電池10に供給されるものであってもよい。
単数又は複数の燃料極12の本体は、後述するように、充電用電極として機能することができる。空気呼吸(air breathing)カソードとして機能するのに適した多くの電極は、充電用電極のアノードとしてうまく機能することができない。そのため、図面において、別個の充電用電極70が使用される。しかし、本発明は、限定を意図するものではなく、二機能性を有する酸化剤極を選択することも可能である。このような二機能性を有する酸化剤極は、電流発生時は空気呼吸カソードの役割を果たし、充電時は充電用電極のアノードとしての役割を果たすことができることを意味する。したがって、本発明における充電用電極へのいかなる説明も、酸化剤極14と、充電時にアノードとして機能する別個の電極70とのどちらにも適用できることとなる。より具体的には、説明した実施形態は別個の充電用電極70としての充電用電極に関して説明されるが、同じ説明は酸化剤極14が充電用電極である場合にも可能であることが理解される。また、(もし使用されるのであれば)流れも、それに応じたものとなることが理解される。
growth morphologies)、又は移送が限定された成長の条件で生じるものとして知られるその他の形態として生じてもよい。成長は、次の浸透性電極本体への充分な指向性を有していてもよく、均一で平らな成長、又はその他の形態であってもよい。
(図22b)、又はそれ以上の端部(すなわち、図22c)に適用される。充電用電極70の位置は形状やイオン伝導性媒質のセル10内での流れの方向によって、階段状のスキャフォールド構造のそのような変更を行うことが望ましい。同様に、そのような実施形態において、電極本体の方向は異なっていてもよい。非限定的な例として、図23a〜図23cに示すように、各電極本体12a〜12cと充電用電極70は、垂直方向ではなく、水平方向としてもよい。さらに、幾つかの実施形態において、電極本体12a〜12cのサブグループだけが、階段状のスキャフォールド構造を有することもある。(そして、そのサブグループ内で近位及び遠位本体が特定される。)。
は、充電用電極70となる。従って、このように、充電用電極は、その用語が本出願のより広い態様において用いられているように、アノード充電という役割を果たすに過ぎない静的な又は個別の電極である必要は必ずしもなく(そうであってもよいが)、時には、アノード電位が印加される燃料電極内における1又は複数の本体であってもよい。よって、動的という用語は、充電時、充電用電極として機能し、かつ、アノード電位を受ける物理的な1又は複数の構成要素が、変化しうる、という事実を意味するために用いられる。
Claims (38)
- 電気化学セルを動作させるための方法であって、
前記セルは、
互いに離間した関係に配置された複数の浸透性電極本体を備える燃料極と、
前記燃料極から離間した酸化剤極と、
(a)前記酸化剤極、及び(b)前記酸化剤極から離間した別個の充電用電極から構成されるグループから選択され、前記燃料極から離間した充電用電極と、
前記電極に接触するイオン伝導性媒質と、
を備え、
前記燃料極の前記複数の浸透性電極本体は、前記充電用電極に近い近位浸透性電極本体と前記充電用電極から遠い遠位浸透性電極本体とを有し、
前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、前記近位浸透性電極本体の端部が、前記遠位浸透性電極本体の端部よりも内側に配置され、
前記方法は、
(i)前記充電用電極と前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の少なくとも1つとの間に電流を流し、前記充電用電極をアノードとして機能させ、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体をカソードとして機能させることにより、還元性燃料イオンが還元されて、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体に、酸化可能な態様で燃料として電着される工程と、
(ii)前記電着により、前記浸透性電極本体間で燃料が成長し、前記電着した燃料が前記浸透性電極本体間の電気的接続を確立する工程と、
(iii)前記電流を取り除き、充電を終了する工程と、
よって電気化学セルを充電する工程を備える、
方法。 - 前記近位電極本体は、前記遠位浸透性電極本体よりも小さな平面寸法を有する、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - アノードとして機能する前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の前記燃料を酸化して、カソードとして機能する前記酸化剤極で前記酸化剤を還元し、それにより、負荷を介して前記燃料極から前記酸化剤極に伝導する電子を発生し、酸化された前記燃料イオン及び還元された前記酸化剤イオンが再反応して副生成物を生成することにより、電気化学セルを使用して電流を発生させる工程をさらに備える、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記酸化剤は、酸素を有しており、前記酸化剤極は、大気を吸収し、還元するように構成された電極を備える、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記還元性燃料イオンは還元性金属燃料イオンであり、前記電着された燃料は電着された金属燃料である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記還元性金属燃料イオンは、亜鉛、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム又はリチウムのイオンを有し、前記電着された金属燃料は、亜鉛、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム又はリチウムである、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記電気化学セルの充電時に、
前記電流が前記浸透性電極本体の末端の1つに流され、前記還元性金属燃料イオンが還元されて、前記末端の浸透性電極本体に、酸化可能な態様で燃料として電着され、
前記電着により、前記浸透性電極本体間を金属燃料が成長し、前記電着した金属燃料が前記末端の浸透性電極本体と前記近位浸透性電極本体との間の電気的接続を確立し、前記電気的接続の確立によって前記近位浸透性電極本体での堆積が起こる、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料極は、単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体をさらに備え、
前記末端の電極本体と前記近位浸透性電極本体との間の電気的接続は、前記単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体を介して確立され、前記電気的接続の確立によって前記還元及び堆積が前記単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体で起こる、
請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記イオン伝導性媒質は、電解質である、
請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記電気化学セルの充電時に、前記電解質は、前記浸透性電極本体を通る流路を流れ、前記電着により、流れを浸透させる形態で、前記金属燃料の成長が起こる、
請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記金属燃料の前記成長は、密な枝状形態の成長及び樹木状の成長から構成されるグループから選択される、
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記金属燃料の前記成長は、前記充電用電極に向かう、
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記末端の浸透性電極本体は、前記遠位浸透性電極本体である、
請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記金属燃料の前記成長は、密な枝状形態の成長及び樹木状の成長から構成されるグループから選択される、
請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記金属燃料の前記成長は、密な枝状形態の成長及び樹木状の成長から構成されるグループから選択される、
請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記酸化剤極である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記酸化剤極から離間された前記別個の充電用電極である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部が絶縁物質で覆われている、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記絶縁物質は、プラスチック及び/又はエポキシ樹脂を備える、
請求項18に記載の方法。 - 互いに離間した関係に配置された複数の浸透性電極本体を備える燃料極と、
前記燃料極から離間した酸化剤極と、
(a)前記酸化剤極、及び(b)前記酸化剤極から離間した別個の充電用電極から構成されるグループから選択され、前記燃料極から離間した充電用電極と、
前記電極に接触するイオン伝導性媒質と、
を備え、
前記燃料極の前記複数の浸透性電極本体は、前記充電用電極に近い近位浸透性電極本体と前記充電用電極から遠い遠位浸透性電極本体とを有し、
前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、前記近位浸透性電極本体の端部が、前記遠位浸透性電極本体の端部よりも内側に配置され、
前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の前記離隔した関係によって、電流が充電用電極と前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の少なくとも1つとの間を流れることができ、前記充電用電極がアノードとして機能し、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体がカソードとして機能し、還元性燃料イオンが還元されて、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体に、酸化可能な態様で燃料として電着され、この電着により、前記浸透性電極本体間で燃料が成長し、前記電着した燃料が前記浸透性電極本体間の電気的接続を確立する、
電気化学セル。 - 前記近位電極本体は、前記遠位浸透性電極本体よりも小さな平面寸法を有する、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記燃料極は、単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体をさらに備え、
前記単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体は前記遠位浸透性電極本体及び前記近位浸透性電極本体の間で互いに離間した関係にあり、前記充電用電極により近い前記浸透性電極本体は、充電用電極により近い浸透性電極本体よりも小さな平面寸法を有し、前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、近位及び中間浸透性電極本体の端部が、遠ざかる方向に隣り合う電極本体より内側になるように連続的に配置される、
請求項21に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記酸化剤は、放電モードで、大気を吸収し、還元するように構成されている、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記複数の浸透性電極本体のいずれの浸透性電極本体よりも大きな面積である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記複数の浸透性電極本体のいずれの浸透性電極本体よりも小さな面積である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記酸化剤極は、前記複数の浸透性電極本体のいずれの浸透性電極本体よりも大きな面積である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記燃料極は、前記遠位浸透性電極本体及び前記近位浸透性電極本体の間に、単数又は複数の中間浸透性電極本体をさらに備え、
前記電極本体は互いに離間しており、
前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、近位及び中間浸透性電極本体の端部が、遠ざかる方向に隣り合う電極本体より内側になるように連続的に配置される、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記還元性燃料イオンは還元性金属燃料イオンであり、前記電着された燃料は電着された金属燃料である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記還元性金属燃料イオンは、亜鉛、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム又はリチウムのイオンを有し、前記電着された金属燃料は、亜鉛、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム又はリチウムである、
請求項28に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記イオン伝導性媒質は、電解質を有する、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記酸化剤極である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記充電用電極は、前記酸化剤極から離間された前記別個の充電用電極である、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部を絶縁するように構成された絶縁物質をさらに備える、
請求項20に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記絶縁物質は、プラスチック及び/又はエポキシ樹脂を備える、
請求項33に記載の電気化学セル。 - 電気化学セルを動作させるための方法であって、
前記セルは、
互いに離間した関係に配置された複数の浸透性電極本体を備える燃料極と、
前記燃料極から離間した酸化剤極と、
充電用電極と、
前記電極に接触するイオン伝導性媒質と、
を備え、
前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、前記浸透性電極本体の端部が、第1の方向で内側に向かって階段状に配置され、
前記方法は、
(i)前記充電用電極と前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の少なくとも1つとの間に電流を流し、前記充電用電極をアノードとして機能させ、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体をカソードとして機能させることにより、還元性燃料イオンが還元されて、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体に、酸化可能な態様で燃料として電着される工程と、
(ii)前記電着により、前記浸透性電極本体の間で前記第1の方向に燃料が成長し、前記電着した燃料が前記浸透性電極本体間の電気的接続を確立する工程と、
(iii)前記電流を取り除き、充電を終了する工程と、
よって電気化学セルを充電する工程を備える、
方法。 - 前記充電用電極は、(a)前記酸化剤極、及び(b)前記酸化剤極から離間した第3の充電用電極、及び(c)前記燃料極の単数又は複数の本体から構成されるグループから選択される、
請求項35に記載の電気化学セル。 - 互いに離間した関係に配置された複数の浸透性電極本体を備える燃料極と、
前記燃料極から離間した酸化剤極と、
充電用電極と、
前記電極に接触するイオン伝導性媒質と、
を備え、
前記燃料極の外周端部の少なくとも一部と平行に、前記浸透性電極本体の端部が、第1の方向で内側に向かって階段状に配置され、
前記燃料極の前記浸透性電極本体の離間した関係によって、電流は前記充電用電極と前記燃料極の前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体との間を流れることができ、前記充電用電極がアノードとして機能し、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体がカソードとして機能し、還元性燃料イオンが還元されて、前記少なくとも1つの浸透性電極本体に、酸化可能な態様で燃料として電着され、前記電着により、前記浸透性電極本体の間で前記第1の方向に燃料が成長し、前記電着した燃料が前記浸透性電極本体間の電気的接続を確立する、
電気化学セル。 - 前記充電用電極は、(a)前記酸化剤極、及び(b)前記酸化剤極から離間した第3の充電用電極、及び(c)前記燃料極の単数又は複数の本体から構成されるグループから選択される、
請求項37に記載の電気化学セル。
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ES2620238T3 (es) | 2017-06-28 |
CN202721244U (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
AU2011270747A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CA2802532C (en) | 2017-06-06 |
CN102544638A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
EP2586092B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
EP2586092A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
BR112012032269B1 (pt) | 2020-01-07 |
MX2012015109A (es) | 2013-05-28 |
CN102544638B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
MX339534B (es) | 2016-05-30 |
AU2011270747B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
US20110316485A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
JP5788502B2 (ja) | 2015-09-30 |
BR112012032269A2 (pt) | 2016-11-29 |
WO2011163553A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CA2802532A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
US8659268B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
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