JP2013529905A - 改変型β−ラクタマーゼ並びにそれに関する方法及び使用 - Google Patents
改変型β−ラクタマーゼ並びにそれに関する方法及び使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013529905A JP2013529905A JP2013511709A JP2013511709A JP2013529905A JP 2013529905 A JP2013529905 A JP 2013529905A JP 2013511709 A JP2013511709 A JP 2013511709A JP 2013511709 A JP2013511709 A JP 2013511709A JP 2013529905 A JP2013529905 A JP 2013529905A
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- lactamase
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Abstract
Description
i)本発明のβ−ラクタマーゼをコードする遺伝子を準備するステップ、
ii)宿主細胞を当該遺伝子で形質転換するステップ、
iii)β−ラクタマーゼを生産する宿主細胞を得るステップ、
iv)β−ラクタマーゼを回収するステップ。
本発明の突然変異β−ラクタマーゼ(D276X、P1A誘導体)のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号1及び配列番号3として示される。対応するヌクレオチド配列は、配列番号2及び配列番号4として示される。配列番号1は、β−ラクタマーゼの二次構造の形成に関与するアミノ酸配列を示す。配列番号3は、31アミノ酸長のシグナル配列を含む、タンパク質の完全長アミノ酸配列を示す。
アミノ酸位置276にあるアスパラギン(Asn、N)は、広範なクラスA β−ラクタマーゼ内に存在する。Asn276の機能は、TEMβ−ラクタマーゼ及びSHVβ−ラクタマーゼにおいて集中的に研究されており、これらにおいて、Asn276は、アルギニン(Arg、R)244のグアニジウム基と水素結合を形成し、したがって、Arg244の側鎖の可動性を限定する。
クラスA β−ラクタマーゼの1つの特異的な特徴は、Arg278のグアニジウム基である。CTX−M酵素は、三次元構造内で等価の位置に存在する、Arg278、Arg244、又はArg220を有する。220位又は244位にあるアルギニンは、TEM−1(Leu220及びArg244)及びストレプトコッカス・アルブス(Streptococcus albus)のGβ−ラクタマーゼ(Arg220及びAsn244)の触媒特性に必須であることが示されている。アルギニン244又はアルギニン220の塩基性グアニジウム基は、β−ラクタムの結合、又はクラブラン酸などの「自殺」阻害剤の不活化化学に寄与することが提案されている(Matagneら、1998、Biochem J.330:582〜598;Perez−Llarenaら、2008、J Antimicrobiol Chemother、61:792〜797)。バチルス・リケニフォルミスのPenPにおいて、Arg−244残基は、アスパラギン酸276と塩結合を形成する(Herzberg、O.1991、J Mol Biol.217:701〜719;Knox,J.R.、and P.C.Moews、1991、J Mol Biol.220:435〜555)。
本発明のβ−ラクタマーゼは、バチルス・リケニフォルミス749/C株に由来する。バチルス・リケニフォルミス749/Cのβ−ラクタマーゼ(PenP;ペニシリンアミド−β−ラクタムヒドロラーゼ、EC3.5.2.6)は、クラスA β−ラクタマーゼの機能的分類においてサブグループ2aに属する(Bush K.ら、1995、Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:1211〜1233)。バチルス・リケニフォルミスのβ−ラクタマーゼは、例えばペニシリン、アンピシリン、アモキシシリン、又はピペラシリンを分解するための高い加水分解能力を有するペニシリナーゼであると考えることができ、これは通常、クラブラン酸、スルバクタム、又はタゾバクタムなどの活性部位特異的なβ−ラクタマーゼ阻害剤によって阻害される(Bush K.ら、1995、Antimicrob Agents Chemother.39:1211〜1233)。
β−ラクタマーゼは、ペニシリン、セファロスポリン、クラバム(又はオキサペナム)、セファマイシン、及びカルバペネムなどの、β−ラクタム環を含むβ−ラクタム抗生物質を加水分解する。本発明の好ましい実施形態において、β−ラクタマーゼは、ペニシリン及び/又はセファロスポリンを加水分解する。「ペニシリン」は、元はペニシリウム属(Penicillium)に由来する、いくつかの天然ペニシリン又はペニシリンの半合成変異体を言う。ペニシリンには、限定はしないが、アモキシシリン、アンピシリン、アズロシリン、カルベニシリン、クロキサシリン、ジクロキサシリン、フルクロキサシリン、ヘタシリン、オキサシリン、メズロシリン、ペニシリンG、ペニシリンV、及びピペラシリンが含まれる。
本発明のβ−ラクタマーゼは、任意の従来の遺伝子操作方法を用いて酵素を改変することによって生産することができる。推論設計(rational design)、ランダム突然変異生成、DNAシャッフリング(ランダム組換え)、ファージディスプレイ、全ゲノムシャッフリング、ヘテロ二本鎖、設計されたオリゴヌクレオチドの一時的な鋳型集合体に対するランダムキメラ生成、突然変異誘発性及び一方向性の再集合、エキソンシャッフリング、Yライゲーションに基づくブロックシャッフリング、非相同組換え、進化分子工学(directed evolution)と、推論設計(rational design)との組み合わせなどの方法を、生産において用いることができる。さらに、突然変異酵素は、部位特異的突然変異生成、及びオーバーラップ伸長技術によるスプライシングを用いて得ることができる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、本発明のβ−ラクタマーゼを含む。組成物は、ただ1つのβ−ラクタマーゼ、又はそれ以上の、例えば少なくとも2つ、3つ、4つなどの異なるβ−ラクタマーゼを含み得る。
β−ラクタム抗生物質に対する有害作用、すなわち不都合な薬剤反応には、限定はしないが、下痢、吐き気、発疹、じんましん、重複感染、発熱、嘔吐、紅斑、皮膚炎、血管性浮腫、及び偽膜性大腸炎が含まれ得る。
バチルス・リケニフォルミスのβ−ラクタマーゼのD276N突然変異体及びD276R突然変異体を、以前に公開された手順に従って(Horton R.M.ら、1989、Gene 77:61〜68)、P1A β−ラクタマーゼをコードするpRSH10プラスミドを最初のPCR反応の鋳型として用いる、Splicing-by-overlap extension(SOE)突然変異生成によるスプライシングによって構築した。プライマーは、配列が共通の領域を有する2つの異なるPCR産物をもたらすように設計した。断片を次に、その後のPCR増幅において、オーバーラップ領域を用いて融合した。所望の突然変異は、最初のPCRにおいて突然変異誘発性プライマーを用いて達成した。
発現構築物を陽性クローンから単離し、挿入部分をDNA配列決定した。D276N突然変異β−ラクタマーゼ遺伝子の完全なヌクレオチド配列及び推定アミノ酸配列によって、Asnに対するAspの置換が所望のコドンで正確に生じたことが明らかになった(図2)。さらに、D276N突然変異β−ラクタマーゼ遺伝子のDNA配列によって、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンスのαアミラーゼの31アミノ酸長のシグナル配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列、HindIIIクローニング部位、及びD276N突然変異遺伝子の完全な配列の間のインフレームでの融合が明らかになった。シグナルペプチダーゼは、−1位のアラニン(A)と+1位のグルタミン(Q)との間のペプチド結合を切断すると予測される。成熟D276N β−ラクタマーゼは、発現構築物におけるHind IIIクローニング部位に由来するNH2−QAS−トリペプチドのNH2末端伸長を有する。したがって、推定アミノ酸配列に基づいて、成熟D276N突然変異β−ラクタマーゼは、268個のアミノ酸残基を含む。
バチルス・リケニフォルミスのβ−ラクタマーゼ遺伝子における276位(Ambler分類)でのアスパラギン酸からアルギニンへの所望の置換を確認するために、発現構築物を陽性クローンから単離し、インサートのヌクレオチド配列を例2と同様に配列決定した。得られたヌクレオチド配列に従うと、推定アミノ酸配列は所望のD276R置換を含み、成熟D276R突然変異酵素は268個のアミノ酸残基を含む(図3)。
酵素標本の純度を、SDS−PAGE分析によって、95パーセントを超えると推定した(データは示していない)。
ペニシリン(アンピシリン、アモキシシリン、又はピペラシリン)の加水分解に対するD276N置換の効果は、野生型酵素の酵素効率の51〜80パーセントの酵素効率であり、大きなものではなかった。その結果、ペニシリンでのD276N突然変異酵素のkcat/Km値は、最大2倍以下低減した。
予想した通り、ペニシリンに関して、野生型β−ラクタマーゼは、第1世代(カファゾリン(cafazoline))、第2世代(セフロキシム)、及び第3世代(セフトリアキソン、セフォタキシム、セフタジジム、セフォペラゾン、及びセフェピム)のセファロスポリンを含む様々なセファロスポリンに対する酵素効率をほとんど有さなかった(表1)。驚くべきことに、特定のセファロスポリンに対する、好ましくはセフォペラゾンに対する、さらに好ましくはセフトリアキソンに対する、D276N突然変異酵素の酵素効率は、野生型酵素で得られる酵素効率と比較して本質的に向上した。セフトリアキソン及びセフォペラゾンに対するKm定数は減少し、それに伴って、セフトリアキソン及びセフォペラゾンについての代謝回転数(kcat)は、野生型酵素(P1A)の代謝回転数と比較して増大した。したがって、バチルス・リケニフォルミスのβ−ラクタマーゼの276位でのアスパラギン酸−アスパラギン置換は、バチルス・リケニフォルミスのβ−ラクタマーゼにおけるβ−ラクタム基質プロフィールの拡張に寄与する。
D276R突然変異酵素を構築して、Asp276が置換に耐えるかどうかを評価し、D276N酵素において観察されるβ−ラクタマーゼ活性の拡張に対するD276R置換の寄与を評価した。
バチルス・リケニフォルミスのD276N突然変異β−ラクタマーゼ酵素が、非経口療法の間に胃腸管内に排出されたセフトリアキソン(CRO)を不活化する能力を、犬モデルにおいて調べた。研究用の実験用ビーグル犬には、幽門よりもおよそ170cm遠位の空腸にニップルバルブを外科的に挿入し、分析のための試料の回収を可能にする。腸の外科手術は、腸の運動性を変化させなかった。5頭のビーグル犬を各実験で用いた。
Claims (23)
- 配列番号1と少なくとも60%の配列同一性を有しAmbler分類に従った276位に対応する配列番号1の位置に親水性アミノ酸残基を有するアミノ酸配列、又はその変異体若しくは断片を含む、β−ラクタマーゼ。
- Ambler分類に従った276位に対応する配列番号1の位置にあるβ−ラクタマーゼのアミノ酸が、親水性アミノ酸で置き換えられることを特徴とする、配列番号1と少なくとも60%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むβ−ラクタマーゼを改変する方法。
- β−ラクタマーゼが、配列番号1と少なくとも68%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列、又は、β−ラクタマーゼ活性を有し、Ambler分類に従った276位に対応する位置に、アスパラギン酸(D)以外の親水性アミノ酸残基を含む、その変異体若しくは断片を含む、請求項1に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- β−ラクタマーゼが、配列番号1と少なくとも60%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、Ambler分類に従った276位に対応する位置にある親水性アミノ酸残基がアスパラギン酸(D)以外である、請求項1に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 親水性アミノ酸が、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)、及びリシン(K)からなる群からの極性且つ正電荷の親水性アミノ酸から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 親水性アミノ酸が、アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q)、セリン(S)、及びスレオニン(T)からなる群からの極性且つ中性電荷の親水性アミノ酸から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 276位に対応する配列番号1の位置にあるアミノ酸がアスパラギンであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ。
- 276位に対応する配列番号1の位置にあるアミノ酸がアルギニンであることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ。
- 276位に対応する配列番号1の位置にある親水性アミノ酸がαヘリックス内に位置することを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は方法。
- β−ラクタマーゼが、Ambler分類に従ったLeu220及びArg244からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのアミノ酸をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は方法。
- β−ラクタマーゼがペニシリン及び/又はセファロスポリンを加水分解することを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は方法。
- β−ラクタマーゼが、野生型β−ラクタマーゼと比較して、セファロスポリンに対する向上した触媒効率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は方法。
- セファロスポリンが、セフォペラゾン、セフトリアキソン、及びセファゾリンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項11又は12に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ又は方法。
- v)請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼをコードする遺伝子を準備するステップ、
vi)宿主細胞を該遺伝子で形質転換するステップ、
vii)β−ラクタマーゼを生産する宿主細胞を得るステップ、
viii)β−ラクタマーゼを回収するステップ
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼを生産する方法。 - 請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼをβ−ラクタム抗生物質と同時に又は連続的に対象に投与することを特徴とする、胃腸管におけるβ−ラクタム抗生物質誘発性の有害作用を治療又は予防する方法。
- 配列番号2若しくは4又はその縮重配列のいずれか1つの配列を含むか、或いは請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼをコードすることを特徴とするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項16に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む宿主細胞。
- 請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼを含む医薬組成物。
- 薬剤として用いるための、請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼ。
- 胃腸管におけるβ−ラクタム抗生物質誘発性の有害作用を治療又は予防するための薬剤の製造における、請求項1又は3から13までのいずれか一項に記載のβ−ラクタマーゼの使用。
- β−ラクタマーゼ(単数又は複数)が経口的に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- β−ラクタマーゼ(単数又は複数)が患者の胃腸に直接的に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- β−ラクタマーゼ(単数又は複数)及びβ−ラクタム抗生物質が、腸溶コーティングされたペレットの形態で一緒に対象に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項15若しくは21から22までのいずれか一項に記載の方法又は請求項20から22までのいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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