JP2013523139A - ふすまの修飾 - Google Patents
ふすまの修飾 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013523139A JP2013523139A JP2013503129A JP2013503129A JP2013523139A JP 2013523139 A JP2013523139 A JP 2013523139A JP 2013503129 A JP2013503129 A JP 2013503129A JP 2013503129 A JP2013503129 A JP 2013503129A JP 2013523139 A JP2013523139 A JP 2013523139A
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- 150000008496 α-D-glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
a)微粒子状穀類ふすま画分に水を添加して、100%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るステップと、
b)前記水が添加された微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を、いずれの成分も除去することなく、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素により処理し、そして場合により、同時にまたは任意の順序で連続して、前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素により処理するステップと
を含む。
a)微粒子状穀類ふすま画分に水を添加して、100%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るステップと、
b)前記水が添加された微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を、いずれの成分も除去することなく、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素により処理し、そして場合により、同時にまたは任意の順序で連続して、前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素により処理するステップと
を含む方法によって生じた増大したWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分に関する。
a)微粒子状穀類ふすま画分に水を添加して、100%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るステップと、
b)前記水が添加された微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を、いずれの成分も除去することなく、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素により処理し、そして場合により、同時にまたは任意の順序で連続して、前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素により処理するステップと、
c)さらなる酵素活性を不活性化するため、そして/あるいはあらゆる残留デンプンをゼラチン化するため、そして/あるいはWHCをさらに増大させるため、そして/あるいは微生物増殖に対して穀類ふすまを安定させるために、ステップb)からの前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を加熱処理においてしばらくの間処理するステップと
を含む。
a)微粒子状穀類ふすま画分に水を添加して、100%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るステップと、
b)前記水が添加された微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を、いずれの成分も除去することなく、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素により処理し、そして場合により、同時にまたは任意の順序で連続して、前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素により処理するステップと、
c)さらなる酵素活性を不活性化するため、そして/あるいはあらゆる残留デンプンをゼラチン化するため、そして/あるいはWHCをさらに増大させるため、そして/あるいは微生物増殖に対して穀類ふすまを安定させるために、ステップb)からの前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を加熱処理においてしばらくの間処理するステップと
を含む方法によって生じた増大したWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分に関する。
a)1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素、および場合により1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素と、
b)本発明に従う方法における使用説明書と、
c)場合により、食料品のためのその他の材料と
を含むパーツのキットに関する。
既知の活性:キシラナーゼ(EC3.2.1.8)
メカニズム:保持
触媒求核試薬/塩基:Glu(実験的)
触媒プロトン供与体:Glu(実験的)
3D構造状態:折り畳み:β−ゼリーロール
クラン:GH−C
細胞壁可溶化アッセイ:
ふすまの溶解度は、以下のアッセイを用いて測定することができる。
このアッセイでは、約OD590=0.7を得るように、クエン酸(0.1M)−リン酸水素二ナトリウム(0.2M)緩衝液、pH5.0中にサンプルを希釈した。サンプルの3つの異なる希釈物を40℃で5分間プレインキュベートした。時間=5分において、1つのXylazyme錠剤(架橋、染色されたキシラン基質、Megazyme,Bray,Ireland)を1mlの反応容積の酵素溶液に添加した。時間=15分において、10mlの2%のTRIS/NaOH、pH12を添加することによって反応を終了させた。酵素溶液の代わりに1000μlの緩衝液を用いてブランクを調製した。反応混合物を遠心分離し(1500×g、10分間、20℃)、上澄みのODを590nmで測定した。1キシラナーゼ単位(XU)は、1分当たり0.025でOD590を増大させるキシラナーゼ活性であると定義される。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明に従って使用される1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素は、ヘミセルラーゼ、例えば、キシラナーゼ、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ、アセチルキシランエステラーゼ、および/またはペクチナーゼと、セルラーゼ、例えば、セロビオヒドロラーゼ、エンドグルカナーゼ、マンナナーゼ、およびβ−グルカナーゼとからなる群から選択される。
材料:
ふすま:
以下の組成を有する、1つはライ麦由来、そしてもう1つは小麦由来である、2つの穀類ふすま画分(以下、ライ麦および小麦)を使用した。
穀類ふすまを修飾するために、Grindamyl PowerBake950(キシラナーゼ)を使用した。
ふすまの修飾:
45%w/wの含水量になるまで混合しながらふすまに水(+/−酵素)を添加(例えば、45gの水を100gのふすまに添加)した。水(+/−酵素)を添加したふすまを、ふすま成分の修飾のために40℃で30分間放置した。その後、オーブン中でふすまを乾燥させた(80℃、一晩)。乾燥プロセスは3つの主な目的を有し得る。1)修飾されたふすまが安定な製品を得るために乾燥され得る。2)プロセスにより、ふすま中の残留デンプンがゼラチン化され、修飾ふすまの保水力が増大し得る。そして、3)プロセスにより、添加した酵素が不活性化され得る。
5グラムのふすまを50mlの遠心分離管中に秤量する。管およびサンプルを秤量する(重量_1)。その後、25mlの脱塩水を添加し、室温で60分間、回転子(rotater)(Stuart SB2,Bie & Berntsen,Denmark)を用いてサンプルをゆっくりとひっくり返すことによってサンプルを混合する。その後、水和サンプルを遠心分離する(1700×g、10分間、20℃)。上澄みをデカントし、水和サンプルの入った管を秤量する(重量_2)。
式1:WHC,%=((重量_2−重量_1)*100%)/5グラムサンプル。
1グラムのふすま、または修飾ふすまに密封管中で5mLの脱塩水を添加し、回転により周囲温度で30分間抽出した。その後、管を周囲温度において1500×gで遠心分離した。上澄みを回収し、HB43−S Halogen Moistureアナライザー(Mettler Toledo)を用いて上澄み中の乾燥物質含量を決定した。
上述のふすまサンプルおよびプロトコールを用いて、表1および図1の結果を得た。
Claims (29)
- 穀類ふすま画分の保水力(WHC)を増大させるための方法であって、
a)微粒子状穀類ふすま画分に水を添加して、100%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るステップと、
b)水が添加された前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素により処理し、そして場合により、同時にまたは任意の順序で連続して、前記微粒子状穀類ふすま画分を1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素により処理するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素が、ヘミセルラーゼ、例えば、キシラナーゼ、フェルラ酸エステラーゼ、アセチルキシランエステラーゼ、および/またはペクチナーゼと、セルラーゼ、例えば、セロビオヒドロラーゼ、エンドグルカナーゼ、マンナナーゼ、およびβ−グルカナーゼとからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記セルラーゼが、エンドセルラーゼ、エキソセルラーゼ、セロビアーゼ、酸化セルラーゼ、セルロースホスホリラーゼから選択される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- さらなる酵素活性を不活性化するため、そして/またはあらゆる残留デンプンをゼラチン化するため、そして/またはWHCをさらに増大させるために、前記穀類ふすま画分が、加熱処理においてしばらくの間さらに処理される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が、40〜300℃の範囲、例えば50〜150℃の範囲、例えば60〜120℃の範囲、例えば60〜90℃の範囲の温度で加熱処理される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 処理された前記穀類ふすま画分が、乾物対乾物ふすまにおいて決定される場合に、5%よりも高い、例えば10%よりも高い、例えば15%よりも高い、例えば20%よりも高い、例えば25%よりも高い、例えば30%よりも高い、例えば35%よりも高い、例えば10%〜40%の範囲、例えば15%〜40%の範囲、例えば15%〜35%の範囲、例えば10%〜35%の範囲の程度まで可溶化される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記微粒子状ふすまの平均粒径が、3000μm未満、例えば1000μm未満、例えば500μm未満である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が工業的な製粉プロセスから得られ、500μm未満、例えば400μm未満、例えば200μm未満の平均粒径を得るようにさらに製粉される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が、小麦、大麦、オート麦、ライ麦およびライ小麦、米、ならびにコーンから選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が、植物材料の加工からの穀類サイドストリーム、例えば、植物油の精製からのソープストック、ビール醸造粕、または可溶性物質添加乾燥穀類蒸留粕(DDGS)に由来する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 処理された前記穀類ふすま画分をスプレー乾燥するステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 処理された前記穀類ふすま画分を凍結乾燥するステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が、150%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば160%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば170%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば180%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば190%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば200%(w/w)よりも高いWHCを得るように処理される、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記穀類ふすま画分が、ステップb)において、10〜70℃の範囲、例えば20〜60℃の範囲、例えば30〜50℃の範囲の温度で処理される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップa)において、5〜100%(w/w)の範囲、例えば10〜90%(w/w)の範囲、例えば15〜80%(w/w)の範囲、例えば20〜70%(w/w)の範囲、例えば30〜60%(w/w)の範囲、例えば40〜50%(w/w)の範囲、あるいは90%(w/w)未満、例えば80%(w/w)未満、例えば70%(w/w)未満、例えば60%(w/w)未満、例えば50%(w/w)未満の含水量を得るように水が添加される、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記微粒子状穀類ふすまが、ステップb)において、穀類ふすま画分1kg当たり0.01mgの酵素タンパク質〜2mgの酵素タンパク質の範囲の濃度の1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素によって処理される、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記微粒子状穀類ふすまが、ステップb)において、1〜10000分の範囲、例えば20〜1440分の範囲の時間、1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素によって処理される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水が添加された前記穀類ふすま画分が、ステップb)において、いずれの成分も事前に除去することなく処理される、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 145%(w/w)よりも高いWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分。
- 前記WHCが、150%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば160%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば170%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば180%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば190%(w/w)よりも高い、例えば200%(w/w)よりも高い,請求項19に記載の穀類ふすま画分。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって生じた増大したWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分。
- 請求項19〜21のいずれか一項に記載の増大したWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分の、食料品の製造のための使用。
- 請求項19〜21のいずれか一項に記載の増大したWHCを有する穀類ふすま画分が、食料品の製造において直接添加される、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記食料品が、パン、朝食用シリアル、パスタ、ビスケット、クッキー、スナック、およびビールからなる群から選択される、請求項22または23に記載の使用。
- 穀類ふすま画分の保水力(WHC)を増大させるための、細胞壁修飾酵素の使用。
- 前記細胞壁修飾酵素が、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法において使用される、請求項25に記載の使用。
- 前記細胞壁修飾酵素が、請求項2に記載される通りである、請求項25または26に記載の使用。
- 請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の使用によって得られる食料品。
- a)1つまたは複数の細胞壁修飾酵素、および場合により1つまたは複数のさらなる酵素と、
b)請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法における使用説明書と
を含むパーツのキットであって、
場合により、食料品のためのその他の材料を含むキット。
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