JP2013518377A - リチウムイオン二次電池用の電極 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用の電極 Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 118
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OMLOBRLMBKBLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium manganese(2+) phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mn+2] OMLOBRLMBKBLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910016099 LiMn0.56Fe0.33Zn0.10PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 LiMnPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015243 LiMg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013391 LizN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZTOZIUYGNMLJES-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Li+].[C+4].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[C+4].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZTOZIUYGNMLJES-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XFGXJWSICZRFHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[C].[Ti] Chemical compound [Li].[C].[Ti] XFGXJWSICZRFHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical class [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
LixNyM1-yZO4
式中、Nは、Mg、Zn、Cu、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、V、Sn、B、Nb、Ca又はその混合物からなる群より選択され、
Mは、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Ti、Ru又はその混合物からなる群より選択され、
Zは、P又はVであり、0<x≦1、且つ、0≦y<1である。
1.1 従来の電極
85%の活物質、導電剤としての10%のSuperPカーボンブラック、結着剤としての5重量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を含む標準的な従来の電極。
2.1.1.チタン酸リチウム負極
本発明の電極における標準的な電極組成は、
a)95重量%の活物質、及び、5重量%のPVdF結着剤、
b)98重量%の活物質、及び、2重量%のPVdF結着剤。
電気化学的な測定は、電解質として(EC(エチレン・カーボネート):DMC(炭酸ジメチル)=1:1、1M LiPF6)が採用され、LP30(メルク社、ダルムシュタット)を用いて、リチウム金属に対して行われた。
試験方法は、CCCVモードで行われた。即ち、C/10速度での定電流でのサイクルが最初に行われ、次に、C速度でのサイクルが行われた。場合によっては、充電/放電サイクルを十分なものにすべく、電流が約C/50速度になるまで、電圧変動(Li/Li+に対して1.0V及び2.0V)にて、定電圧ポーションが引き続き行われた。
本発明の正極の標準的な電極組成は、以下の通りである。
a)95重量%の活物質、及び、5重量%のPVdF結着剤(LiFePO4正極)
b)93重量%の活物質、及び、7重量%のPVdF結着剤(LiMn0.56Fe0.33Zn0.10PO4正極)
Claims (14)
- 活物質としてリチウム金属酸化物化合物を含み導電剤が添加されていない電極。
- さらに結着剤を含む請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記活物質の割合が9重量%以上である請求項2記載の電極。
- 前記活物質が、ドープされたチタン酸リチウム、ドープされたリン酸金属リチウム、ドープされたバナジウム酸金属リチウム、ドープされていないチタン酸リチウム、ドープされていないリン酸金属リチウム、ドープされていないバナジウム酸金属リチウムからなる群より選択される請求項3記載の電極。
- 前記活物質の粒子が炭素被覆を有している請求項4記載の電極。
- 前記活物質が、ドープされたチタン酸リチウム、又は、ドープされていないチタン酸リチウムである請求項4又は5に記載の電極。
- 前記活物質が、ドープされたリン酸金属リチウム、又は、ドープされていないリン酸金属リチウムである請求項4又は5に記載の電極。
- ドープされた又はドープされていないリン酸金属リチウムが、規則オリビン構造又は変性オリビン構造を有する請求項7に記載の電極。
- ドープされた又はドープされていないリン酸金属リチウムが、下記化学式で表され、
LixNyM1-yPO4
式中、Nは、Mg、Zn、Cu、Ti、Zr、Al、Ga、V、Sn、B、又はその混合物からなる群より選択され、
Mは、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Ti、及びRuからなる群より選択され、0<x≦1、且つ、0≦y<1である請求項8に記載の電極。 - さらに、第1のリチウム金属酸化物化合物と異なる第2のリチウム金属酸化物化合物を含み、第2のリチウム金属酸化物化合物は、ドープされたリチウム金属酸化物、ドープされたリン酸金属リチウム、ドープされたバナジウム酸金属リチウム、ドープされていないリチウム金属酸化物、ドープされていないリン酸金属リチウム、ドープされていないバナジウム酸金属リチウム、及びこれらの混合物から選択される請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 第2のリチウム金属酸化物化合物は、ドープされたリチウムマンガン酸化物、ドープされたリチウムコバルト酸化物、ドープされたリン酸鉄マンガンリチウム、ドープされたリン酸マンガンリチウム、ドープされていないリチウムマンガン酸化物、ドープされていないリチウムコバルト酸化物、ドープされていないリン酸鉄マンガンリチウム、ドープされていないリン酸マンガンリチウムから選択される請求項10に記載の電極。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の電極を有し、負極、正極、及び電解質を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池。
- ドープされたチタン酸リチウム又はドープされていないチタン酸リチウムを負極の活物質として有する請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- ドープされたリン酸金属リチウム又はドープされていないリン酸金属リチウムを正極の活物質として有する請求項12又は13に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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PCT/EP2011/051195 WO2011092279A1 (de) | 2010-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | Elektrode für eine sekundärlithiumionenbatterie |
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JP2015128013A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-09 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極用スラリー組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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US20130059204A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
CN102986081A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
KR20120132490A (ko) | 2012-12-05 |
EP2529443A1 (de) | 2012-12-05 |
CA2787993A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
TW201145656A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
EP2529443B1 (de) | 2013-12-18 |
JP5657702B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
WO2011092279A1 (de) | 2011-08-04 |
DE102010006076A1 (de) | 2011-08-18 |
CA2787993C (en) | 2014-12-02 |
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