JP2013500355A - 反応器内鎖延長による縮合重合体生成のための方法、及びその生成物 - Google Patents
反応器内鎖延長による縮合重合体生成のための方法、及びその生成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013500355A JP2013500355A JP2012521749A JP2012521749A JP2013500355A JP 2013500355 A JP2013500355 A JP 2013500355A JP 2012521749 A JP2012521749 A JP 2012521749A JP 2012521749 A JP2012521749 A JP 2012521749A JP 2013500355 A JP2013500355 A JP 2013500355A
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/32—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals
- C08F220/325—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals containing glycidyl radical, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F283/01—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F283/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonates or saturated polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年7月21日に出願された米国特許出願第61/227,149号の優先権を主張し、本願明細書においてその全開示内容を引用により援用する。
上記のとおり、開示される鎖延長剤には、少なくとも1つの官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体と、少なくとも1つのスチレン及び/または(メタ)アクリル単量体との重合生成物を含む。官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体に関しては、さまざまな官能基を使用することができる。一部の実施形態では、官能基は、エポキシ基、無水物基、カルボン酸基、及び水酸基から選択される。特定の官能基の使用は、縮合重合体の特性に依存する可能性がある。例えば、特定のポリエステルは脂肪族ヒドロキシル及び/または脂肪族カルボン酸の鎖末端を含む。エポキシ基、無水物基、またはカルボン酸基を有する官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体は当該ポリエステルと反応することができる。ポリカーボネートはフェノール鎖の末端を含む。エポキシ基、無水物基、またはカルボン酸基を有する官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体は当該ポリカーボネートと反応することができる。ポリアミドはアミン及びカルボン酸の鎖末端を含む。エポキシ基、無水物基、またはカルボン酸基を有する官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体はアミンの鎖末端と反応することができ、水酸基を有する官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体はカルボン酸の鎖末端と反応することができ、エポキシ基を有する官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体は両方の種類の鎖末端と反応することができる。
上記のとおり、開示される方法は、鎖延長縮合重合体を提供するために縮合重合体に述べられた鎖延長剤のいずれかを添加することを伴う。適切な縮合重合体には、ポリエステル(PE)、ポリアミド(PA)、及びポリカーボネート(PC)を含むがこれに限定されるものではない。
PETの重縮合に使用される原料は、芳香族二塩基酸(A)[テレフタル酸(PTA;1,4−置換)及びイソフタル酸(IPA;1,3−置換)]とエチレングリコール(B)との混合物である。結晶化度を制御するために、芳香族二塩基酸(A)のモル比が操作される。有害な副反応を最小限に抑え、重合体の特性を調整し、及び生産効率を最大化するために、二塩基酸(A)対グリコール(B)のモル比が調整される。重合処理は2段階から構成される。段階1はエステル化または重縮合(式1)であり、加圧と大気圧エステル化に分けることができる。段階1の初期には、化学量論を維持するため、グリコールの損失を防ぐために高圧が使用される。グリコールが反応してしまうと、圧力は緩和され、水が取り除かれる。段階1では、5〜12の繰り返し単位(C)から構成されるPETオリゴマーを生じる。段階2は重縮合(式2)であり、非常に高い真空と温度、そして触媒を用いる。表1には触媒と、後述の実施例で使用される芳香族二塩基酸(A)対グリコール(B)のモル比及びPTA対IPAのモル比の典型的なパッケージとを記載する。ポリエチレングリコールの形成を防ぐためにテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TMAH)が使用され、重合触媒として三酸化アンチモン(Sb2C3)が使用され、色を削減するために酢酸コバルト[II]四水和物が添加され、及び色と熱的安定性を向上させる抗酸化剤としてリン酸が添加された。
表1.PET組成内容
物質 モル比
グリコール(B)/酸(A) 1.15
PTA/IPA 2.8
触媒 ppm
TMAH 40
Sb2O3 250
(CH3COO)2Co・4H2O 30
リン酸 30
PTA−テレフタル酸; PIA−イソフタル酸; TMAH−テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド; Sb2O3−酸化アンチモン[III]; (CH3COO)2Co[II]−酢酸コバルト[II]四水和物。
表2.PET SIV要件
用途 SIV(dL/g)
繊維/フィルム 0.60 〜 0.68
シート/テープ 0.65 〜 0.78
ボトル 0.70 〜 0.85
汎用ストラップ 0.65 〜 0.85
高温用ストラップ/タイヤコード >0.90
SIV − 溶液固有粘度
上記のとおり、開示される方法では、鎖延長縮合重合体を提供するために縮合重合体の重合処理中に述べられた縮合重合体のいずれかに、述べられた鎖延長剤のいずれかが添加される。語句「重合処理中」は、縮合重合体が形成される初期合成処理中を意味する。この文には、SSPによる処理などの重合された縮合重合体の次の処理の前または間に鎖延長剤を添加することは除く。SSPなどの次の処理段階の前または間に鎖延長剤が追加される方法は可能だが、当該方法は後で別途述べる。
方法には、必ずではないが、反応において上記のように行われた鎖延長の後に、鎖延長重合体の追加処理をさらに含む場合がある。一部の実施形態では、方法は、SSPによる鎖延長縮合重合体の処理をさらに含む。SSPに適した反応器及び反応条件は周知である。当該実施形態では、追加の鎖延長剤がSSP処理の前または間に鎖延長剤に添加される場合がある。本願明細書で使用される場合、語句「処理済み鎖延長縮合重合体」は、反応器内鎖延長とSSPの両方を受けた縮合重合体を指して用いられる。
開示される方法は、縮合重合体生成の従来の方法と比較して多くの処理上の利点を提供する。上記のとおり、開示される方法は、鎖延長剤なしで形成される縮合重合体の重合時間と比較して、鎖延長縮合重合体の重合時間を短縮することができる。しかし、開示される鎖延長剤は重合反応速度に影響を及ぼさない、つまり鎖延長剤は触媒ではないことが記されている。溶融重合中、用いられる特定の触媒系にかかわらず鎖延長が起こる。例えば、ポリエステルの製造では、金属ベース酸化物が触媒として伝統的に用いられる。アンチモン、チタニウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、ゲルマニウム、及び他の金属の金属ベース酸化物が触媒として使用される場合がある。ここで述べられる鎖延長は触媒機構に基づいていないため、鎖延長はポリエステルの形成とは関係なく起こる。同じことが、バイオポリエステル、ポリアミド、及びポリカーボネート反応系の製造に対しても当てはまる。
また、提供されるのは、開示される方法で形成される鎖延長及び処理済み鎖延長縮合重合体である。これらの重合体は多くの望ましい特性を示す。かなりの量の分岐を有する鎖延長縮合重合体を生成するそれらの方法に対しては、当該重合体の機械的及び熱的性質の変化が期待される。しかし、下記の実施例でさらに説明されるように、開示される鎖延長剤なしで形成される縮合重合体と比較して、当該重合体の機械的及び熱的性質が悪影響を受けないことが分かった。
ポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)(PET)の反応器内鎖延長
表4.反応器内鎖延長実験の概要
実施例 重合
No. 鎖延長剤 濃度 SIV a SSP SIV b
(%,w/w) (dL/g) (dL/g)
対照 NA;対照 NA 0.600 0.811
1 鎖延長剤1 0.10 0.601 0.809
2 鎖延長剤1 0.20 0.603 0.808
3 鎖延長剤1 0.20 0.720 0.840
4 鎖延長剤2 0.31 0.597 0.825
5 鎖延長剤3 0.32 0.595 0.779
6 鎖延長剤4 0.32 0.603 0.770
(a)重縮合の後に測定された溶液固有粘度。(b)固体重合の後に測定された溶液固有粘度。NA−適用外。
すべての材料が、シートやボトルを製造するのに十分な分子量に結晶化及び固体重合された。以下でさらに述べられるように、溶融及び固体重合時間が監視され、生産効率の指標として使用された。実施例5及び6のSSPは、実施例5の前に機器を変更したために、他の重合と直接比較することはできない。
Claims (19)
- 方法であって、
鎖延長縮合重合体を提供するために縮合重合体の重合処理中に鎖延長剤を添加することを含み、
前記鎖延長剤が、
少なくとも1つの官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体と、
少なくとも1つのスチレン単量体、置換スチレン単量体、(メタ)アクリル単量体、またはその2つ以上の混合物と、
の重合生成物を含む、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記鎖延長剤が2以上の官能価を有する、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記鎖延長剤が2を超える官能価を有する、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体がエポキシ官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体である、方法。 - 請求項4の方法であって、
前記エポキシ官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体がメタクリル酸グリシジルである、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記スチレン単量体はスチレンであり、かつ
前記(メタ)アクリル単量体がアクリル酸ブチル、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、または(メタ)アクリル酸メチルである、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記鎖延長剤が、鎖延長剤及び縮合重合体の成分の総重量に対して約0.03〜約10重量%の量で縮合重合体に添加される、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記縮合重合体がポリエステル、ポリアミド、またはポリカーボネートから選択される、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記縮合重合体がポリエステルである、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
前記縮合重合体がバイオポリエステルである、方法。 - 請求項11の方法であって、
前記バイオポリエステルが、一般式CH3−CH(OH)−(CH2)n−COOHまたはCH2(OH)−(CH2)n−COOHを有する単量体の重合生成物を含む、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシ酪酸)、または別のバイオエステルであり、
ここで、nは1以上である、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
少なくとも約0.6dl/gの鎖延長縮合重合体の溶液固有粘度が約90分以下の時間で達成される、方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、
当該方法が、固体重合による鎖延長縮合重合体を処理することを含まない、方法。 - 方法であって、
鎖延長ポリエステルを提供するためにポリエステルの重合処理中に鎖延長剤を添加することを含み、
前記鎖延長剤が、
少なくとも1つの官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体と、
少なくとも1つのスチレン単量体、置換スチレン単量体、(メタ)アクリル単量体、またはその2つ以上の混合物と、
の重合生成物を含む、方法。 - 請求項15の方法であって、
前記重合処理がバッチ重合処理または連続重合処理である、方法。 - 請求項15の方法であって、
前記鎖延長剤が、バッチ重合処理の重合段階中に添加される、方法。 - 方法であって、
鎖延長ポリエステルを提供するためにポリエステルの重合処理中に鎖延長剤を添加することを含み、
前記鎖延長剤が、
少なくとも1つの官能性(メタ)アクリル単量体と、
少なくとも1つのスチレン単量体、置換スチレン単量体、(メタ)アクリル単量体、またはその2つ以上の混合物と、
の重合生成物を含み、
前記重合処理がバッチ重合処理または連続重合処理であり、
前記鎖延長剤が、縮合重合体の溶液固有粘度が約0.6dL/gのときに添加され、
前記鎖延長縮合重合体の分子量が、鎖延長剤なしで分子量を達成する時間よりも短い時間で達成される、方法。 - 請求項18の方法であって、
前記鎖延長縮合重合体が、鎖延長剤なしで形成される縮合重合体よりも高い溶融粘度を示す、方法。 - 請求項1の方法で形成される鎖延長縮合重合体。
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