JP2013216918A - 成形可能な生分解性ポリマー - Google Patents
成形可能な生分解性ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013216918A JP2013216918A JP2013161503A JP2013161503A JP2013216918A JP 2013216918 A JP2013216918 A JP 2013216918A JP 2013161503 A JP2013161503 A JP 2013161503A JP 2013161503 A JP2013161503 A JP 2013161503A JP 2013216918 A JP2013216918 A JP 2013216918A
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Abstract
【解決手段】乾燥重量基準で、
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)重量平均分子量が90,000〜112,000の範囲であるポリビニルアルコールを2〜15重量%、
(c)ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、エチレングリコールまたはジエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、生分解性の射出成形可能なポリマー組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
デンプンベースの生分解性ポリマーは既知で安価であるが、一般には、粘度が高く、溶解特性が悪く、このため、それらを加工するのは困難である。デンプンを原料とする製品は、脆く、水に弱いことが多い。デンプンベースのポリマーの製造において、特に射出成形については困難に直面してきた。デンプンの分子構造は、デンプンを可塑化しそれを押出ダイに通すために必要なせん断応力および温度条件によって悪影響を受ける。ほとんどの製品において、発泡を避けなければならず、これには、一般にデンプンが水分を含むので注意を必要とする。発泡は、米国特許第5,314,754号および第5,316,578号に提案されているように、ダイから出る前に融成物をガス抜きすることによって回避されてきた。後者の特許はデンプンに水を添加することも避けている。米国特許第5,569,692号で説明されているように、デンプンに結合している水が高圧を必要とするような蒸気圧を発生しないので、デンプンを乾燥せずに水を添加することを避けることによって、デンプンを120℃〜170℃の間の温度で処理することができる。
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)好ましくは、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、およびエチレンとビニルアルコールのコポリマーから選択され、溶融状態のデンプン成分と適合する融点を有する、水溶性ポリマーを2〜15重量%、
(c)分子量が50〜6000、より好ましくは50〜2500、さらにより好ましくは100〜400の範囲であり、好ましくは、ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、ポリグリセロール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、ポリエチレンオキシド、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールまたはポリエチレングリコール、より好ましくはグリセロール、マルチトール、ソルビトール、エリスリトールおよびキシリトールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、生分解性の射出成形可能なポリマーを提供する。
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)好ましくは、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、およびエチレンとビニルアルコールのコポリマーから選択され、溶融状態のデンプン成分と適合する融点を有する、水溶性ポリマーを2〜15重量%、
(c)分子量が50〜6000、より好ましくは50〜2500、さらにより好ましくは100〜400の範囲であり、好ましくは、ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、ポリグリセロール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、ポリエチレンオキシド、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールまたはポリエチレングリコール、より好ましくはグリセロール、マルチトール、ソルビトール、エリスリトールおよびキシリトールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、樹脂組成物から形成された射出成形製品も提供する。
1)より高いまたはより低いレベルのヒドロキシプロピル化デンプン;
2)より高いレベルの未加工デンプン。これは、特に加工デンプンのヒドロキシプロピル化のレベルを増加する場合に可能である;
3)より高い疎水性度を有する無水オクテニルコハク酸(OSA;octenyl succinic anhydride)で加工したデンプン。この加工デンプンを添加すると、置換度の増加とともに耐水性が増加する。OSAデンプン中のアセチル結合は、その材料が水および生物活性のある環境に接近した場合に、生分解性を保持することを保証する;
4)好ましくは、デンプンとグラフトしたスチレンブタジエンからなるデンプンコポリマー。この材料は、製品の耐衝撃性を改良する。
F104が含まれる。分子量が高い等級ほど、脆性を低減し、耐衝撃性を向上させ、感水性を低減するようである。その最大量は主にコストによって決まる。PVOHの量を増加させると著しく破断点伸びが増加し、ヤング(弾性)率が低下する。射出成形材料のための好ましい濃度範囲は2〜15重量%、より好ましくは、4〜10重量%である。
10993−5)、感作試験(ISO 10993−10)および刺激試験(ISO 10993.10)に合格しなければならない。好ましい添加剤はポリエチレンオキシド(分子量210,000のPEG−5000)であり、ステアリン酸の代わりに0.57%または2%で加えた場合に、細胞毒性試験において溶菌ゼロという結果となり、0.57%のステアリン酸に加えて5%で加えた場合にも溶菌ゼロという結果となる。さらに、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリオキシエチレンおよびポリエチレングリコールは、1種でまたは一緒に、配合物の耐水性を増大させる可能性があり、その結果、特に多層構造(MLS;multi−layer structures)における層間剥離を生じ得る過剰な膨潤を防ぐ。
トコフェロール(ビタミンE)も食品に使用される自然の安定剤であり、非酵素的褐変抑制効果を改良するためにアスコルビン酸と組み合わせて使用されている。褐変が望ましくない場合の抗酸化剤の濃度は2重量%までが好ましい。
材料の剛性は、ポリオール可塑剤、充填剤およびコポリマーの量および組成によって操作することができ、30MPa〜3000MPaを超える範囲であり得る。これにより、これらの等級が広範囲の射出成形用途に適したものとなる。
材料の伸び挙動は、可塑剤の量によって操作でき、最小2%未満〜210%を超える範囲であり得る。これにより、これらの等級が広範囲の射出成形用途に適するものとなる。
Claims (19)
- 乾燥重量基準で、
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)重量平均分子量が90,000〜112,000の範囲であるポリビニルアルコールを2〜15重量%、
(c)ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、エチレングリコールまたはジエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、生分解性の射出成形可能なポリマー組成物。 - 充填剤を0.5〜60重量%含む請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 充填剤を20〜50重量%含む請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 充填剤を25〜35重量%含む請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 充填剤が、シリカ、タルク、キチン、珪灰石、ガラス繊維、およびナノ粒子を含む無機充填剤の群から選択される、請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- さらに1種または複数のC12〜22の脂肪酸または塩を乾燥基準で0.1〜5.0重量%含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 1〜22の間の親水性親油性バランス(HLB)値を有する乳化剤を0.2〜3.0重量%含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- デンプン骨格にグラフトされたまたはグラフトされていないポリエステルを4〜45重量%含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- ポリエステルが、ポリブチレンアジペート−コ−テレフタレートまたはポリブチレンアジペートスクシネートである、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が水溶性である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- ポリオキシエチレンまたはポリエチレンオキシドをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 乾燥重量基準で、
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)重量平均分子量が90,000〜112,000の範囲であるポリビニルアルコールを2〜15重量%、
(c)ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、エチレングリコールまたはジエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、樹脂組成物から形成された射出成形製品。 - 充填剤を0.5〜60重量%含む請求項12に記載の射出成形製品。
- 充填剤を20〜50重量%含む請求項13に記載の射出成形製品。
- 充填剤を25〜35重量%含む請求項13に記載の射出成形製品。
- 乾燥重量基準で、
(a)デンプンおよび/または加工高アミロースデンプンを45〜85重量%、
(b)重量平均分子量が90,000〜112,000の範囲であるポリビニルアルコールを2〜15重量%、
(c)ソルビトール、グリセロール、マルチトール、キシリトール、マンニトール、エリスリトール、グリセロールトリオレエート、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリエチル、グリセリルトリアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオールジイソブチレート、エチレングリコールまたはジエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される、1種または複数のポリオール可塑剤を5〜45重量%、
含む、水溶性である樹脂組成物から形成された射出成形製品。 - さらに、ポリオキシエチレンまたはポリエチレンオキシドを含む、請求項16に記載の射出成形製品。
- 少なくとも製品の一部が耐水性被覆剤で被覆された、請求項16に記載の射出成形製品。
- 耐水性被覆剤がセラックニス、生分解性ポリエステルおよびPLA(ポリ乳酸)溶液を含む群から選択される、請求項18に記載の射出成形製品。
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EP2046885A4 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
EP2046885A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
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US20100297458A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
CN101506291A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
JP5686866B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
AU2007281047A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
AU2007281047B2 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
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CN101506291B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
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