JP2012518896A - 有機太陽電池における正孔輸送材料としてのトリアリールアミン誘導体の使用、及び前記トリアリールアミン誘導体を含む有機太陽電池 - Google Patents
有機太陽電池における正孔輸送材料としてのトリアリールアミン誘導体の使用、及び前記トリアリールアミン誘導体を含む有機太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012518896A JP2012518896A JP2011550532A JP2011550532A JP2012518896A JP 2012518896 A JP2012518896 A JP 2012518896A JP 2011550532 A JP2011550532 A JP 2011550532A JP 2011550532 A JP2011550532 A JP 2011550532A JP 2012518896 A JP2012518896 A JP 2012518896A
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- TUHVEAJXIMEOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-guanidinobutanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCCC([O-])=O TUHVEAJXIMEOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical class NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXSCJZNMWILAJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3CC2=C1 FXSCJZNMWILAJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000389 2-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWLAKULVXQSVOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiophen-2-yl-4-undecylthiophene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=CSC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 KWLAKULVXQSVOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCOONNWIINSFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 VCOONNWIINSFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dicarbamoylperylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=N)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=N)O PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C21 SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MVDWSXUJVODPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC1=CC(=C2C(=CC=C3C4=CC=C(C=5C(=CC=C(C1=C23)C45)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC1=CC(=C2C(=CC=C3C4=CC=C(C=5C(=CC=C(C1=C23)C45)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O MVDWSXUJVODPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126657 Compound 17 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000090179 Lorio Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000280 Poly(3-octylthiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000999 acridine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005026 carboxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003037 imidazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003392 indanyl group Chemical group C1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001883 metal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGVMPKQSTZIOIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quaterrylene Chemical class C12=C3C4=CC=C2C(C2=C56)=CC=C5C(C=57)=CC=CC7=CC=CC=5C6=CC=C2C1=CC=C3C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC4=C21 GGVMPKQSTZIOIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001016 thiazine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/49—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/50—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with at least two amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/51—Phenylenediamines
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
- H10K30/151—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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Abstract
Description
前記式中、
A1、A2、A3はそれぞれ相互に独立して二価の有機単位であり、この有機単位は1つ、2つ、又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、
R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ相互に独立して、置換基R、OR、NR2、A3−OR、又はA3−NR2であり、
Rはアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は1つ、2つ、又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基若しくはNR’基によって相互に結合されており、
R’はアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は1つ、2つ又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、かつ
nは式Iで現れるすべてについて、独立して0、1、2、又は3であるが、
ただし、nの各値の合計は少なくとも2であり、基R1、R2、R3のうち少なくとも2つは置換基OR及び/又はNR2である。
前記式中、
mは1〜18の整数であり、
R4、R9はアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は2つ又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、
R5、R6、R7、R8はそれぞれ相互に独立して水素原子、又はR4及びR9で定義した基であり、
上記単位の芳香族環又はヘテロ芳香族環は、さらに置換されていてもよい。
a) Liu, Yunqi; Ma, Hong; Jen, Alex K-Y.; CHCOFS; Chem. Commun.; 24; 1998; 2747-2748,
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合成工程I−R2及びII−R1におけるジアリールアミンが、合成経路I及びIIに市販で利用できない場合には、例えばUllmann反応によって触媒として銅を用いて、又はパラジウム触媒のもとで以下の反応に従って行うことができる:
パラジウム触媒によるC−Nカップリング反応:
a) Yang, Buchwald; J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576 (1-2), 125-146、
b) Wolfe, Marcoux, Buchwald; Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31 , 805-818、
c) Hartwig; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2046-2067。
a) Goodbrand, Hu; Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 670-674、
b) Lindley; Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1433-1456。
以下に記載する化合物は、前記合成法に似た合成で得られる。
a:非晶質、ここではDSC測定の間に初回の加熱で、Tgにおけるガラス転移点のみを特定できた;
a*:非晶質状態はさらに、X線回折により確認した;
sk:半結晶質;初回の加熱時にDSC測定の間に、Tgでのガラス転移後に結晶化が起こった。
クロロベンゼンは僅か〜平均的な毒性を有する(2.9g/kgのLD50、Manfred Rossberg et al. "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006による)ので、これらの化合物を実験により、他の溶剤への溶解性についても調査した。表2から読み取れるようにこれらの化合物は、多くの場合、スピロMeOTADに比べて溶解性がより高い(すべての記載はmg/ml)。すなわち、本発明により使用されるべき正孔輸送材料を高濃度で適用することが、他の溶剤からも可能である。
数字を伴う「>」は、化合物の溶解性が記載した数の値よりも大きいことを意味する。
DSCの構造は通常、以下の層を有する:
138:トップコンタクト(カソード)
124:正孔輸送材料
123:正孔輸送材料(層の細孔中に120/122)
122:増感色素
120:n−半導体金属酸化物
119:任意のバッファ層
116:フロントコンタクト(アノード)
114:担体。
DSC1:
ベース材料として、フッ素ドープした酸化スズ(FTO)で被覆したガラス板(寸法は25mm×15mm×3mm(日本板ガラス))を使用し、これを連続してガラス洗浄剤(RBS35)、脱塩水、及びアセトンでそれぞれ超音波浴中で5分間処理し、それから10分間、イソプロパノール中で煮沸し、窒素流中で乾燥させた。
例DSC1に記載したように、正孔輸送材料としてスピロ−MeOTADを有する固体のDSCを製造した。このために、163mMのスピロ−MeOTAD、15mMのLiN(SO2CF3)2(Aldrich)、60mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。0.1sun若しくは1sunでは、短絡電流密度Isc(ここでSCは「短絡(short circuit)」を意味する)は1.10mA/cm2若しくは10.60mA/cm2、端子電圧Voc(ここでocは「開放回路(open circuit)」を意味する)は、開放電圧回路で0.74V若しくは0.80V、充填係数(FF)は69%若しくは47%、効率は5.6%若しくは4.0%であった。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID447及び色素D102を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID447 167mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 15mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン61mM)。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID453及び色素D102を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID453 151mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 14mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン55mM)。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID522及び色素D102を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID522 161mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 15mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン58mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さはこの場合、約1.8μmではなく約2.2μmであった。
例DSC4で記載したように、正孔輸送材料スピロ−MeOTAD及び色素D102を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、スピロ−MeOTAD 163mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 15mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン60mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは、例DSC4のように約2.2μmであった。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID572及び色素D102を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID572 178mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 16mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン65mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは、例DSC1のように約1.8μmであった。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID367及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID367 130mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 12mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン47mM)。色素浴:色素D205 0.5mMを、アセトニトリル/t−BuOH(1:1)中に溶かした溶液(例えばSchmidt-Mende et al., Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 813 beschriebenに記載のもの)。
例DSC6で記載したように、正孔輸送材料としてスピロ−MeOTAD及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、スピロ−MeOTAD 123mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 11mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン45mM)。
例DSC6で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID518及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID518 202mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 18mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン74mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さはこの場合、約1.8μmではなく約3.2μmであった。
例DSC7で記載したように、正孔輸送材料スピロ−MeOTAD及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、スピロ−MeOTAD 204mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 19mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン74mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは約1.8μmではなく、DSC7のように約3.2μmであった。
例DSC7で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID522及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID522 201mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 18mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン73mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは約1.8μmではなく、DSC7のように約3.2μmであった。
例DSC7で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID523及び色素D205を有する固体のDSCを製造した(正孔輸送材料溶液:クロロベンゼン中の、ID523 214mM、LiN(SO2CF3)2 19mM、4−t−ブチルピリジン78mM)。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは約1.8μmではなく、DSC7のように約3.2μmであった。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID367及び色素ペリレン1を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン1をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、130mMのID367、12mMのLiN(SO2CFs)2(Aldrich)、47mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。
例DSC10で記載したように、正孔輸送材料スピロ−MeOTAD及び色素ペリレン1を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン1をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、123mMのスピロ−MeOTAD、11mMのLiN(SO2CF3)2(Aldrich)、45mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID367及び色素ペリレン2を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン2をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、130mMのID367、12mMのLiN(SO2CF3)2(Aldrich)、47mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。
例DSC10で記載したように、正孔輸送材料としてスピロ−MeOTAD及び色素ペリレン2を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン2をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、123mMのスピロ−MeOTAD、11mMのLiN(SO2CFs)2(Aldrich)、45mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。
例DSC1で記載したように、正孔輸送材料ID523及び色素ペリレン3を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン3をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、214mMのID523、19mMのLiN(SO2CF3)2(Aldrich)、78mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは、約1.8μmではなく約3.1μmであった。
例DSC12で記載したように、正孔輸送材料スピロ−MeOTAD及び色素ペリレン3を有する固体のDSCを製造した(色素浴:0.5mMのペリレン3をジクロロメタンに溶かした色素溶液)。このために、204mMのスピロ−MeOTAD溶液、19mMのLiN(SO2CFs)2(Aldrich)、74mMの4−t−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich)をクロロベンゼン溶液で適用した。ナノ多孔質のTiO2層の厚さは、約1.8μmではなく約3.1μmであった。
Claims (7)
- 一般式(I)
前記式中、
A1、A2、A3はそれぞれ相互に独立して二価の有機単位であり、この有機単位は1つ、2つ、又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、
R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ相互に独立して、置換基R、OR、NR2、A3−OR、又はA3−NR2であり、
Rはアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は1つ、2つ、又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基若しくはNR’基によって相互に結合されており、
R’はアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は1つ、2つ又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、ここで芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、かつ
nは式Iで現れるすべてについて、独立して0、1、2、又は3であるが、ただし、nの各値の合計は少なくとも2であり、基R1、R2、R3のうち少なくとも2つは置換基OR及び/又はNR2である、前記使用。 - 基R1、R2、及びR3のうち少なくとも2つが、パラ位のOR置換基及び/又はNR2置換基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 基R1、R2、及びR3のうち少なくとも4つが、パラ位のOR置換基及び/又はNR2置換基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 基R1、R2、及びR3のすべてが、パラ位のOR置換基及び/又はNR2置換基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 有機単位A1、A2、及びA3が、(CH2)m、C(R7)(R8)、N(R9)、
mは1〜18の整数であり、
R4、R9はアルキル、アリール、又は一価の有機基であり、この有機基は1つ、2つ、又は3つの置換又は非置換の芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基を有していてよく、芳香族基又はヘテロ芳香族基が2つ又は3つである場合には、これらの基のうち2つがそれぞれ化学結合によって、及び/又は二価のアルキル基によって相互に結合されており、
R5、R6、R7、R8は、それぞれ相互に独立して、水素原子、又はR4及びR9で定義した基であり、
上記単位の芳香族環及びヘテロ芳香族環はさらに置換されていてもよい]
から成る群から選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の使用。 - Rが基R1、R2、及びR3中でそれぞれ相互に独立して、C1〜C8アルキル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、又はアリールであることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む、太陽電池。
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- 2010-02-15 KR KR1020117018908A patent/KR20110117678A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2020074416A (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-14 | 株式会社リコー | 光電変換素子、太陽電池及び合成方法 |
JP7003387B2 (ja) | 2019-12-26 | 2022-01-20 | 株式会社リコー | 光電変換素子、太陽電池及び合成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102326271A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
WO2010094636A1 (de) | 2010-08-26 |
ZA201106889B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
US20140130870A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
AU2010215568A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
JP5698155B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
US20110297235A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
EP2399305A1 (de) | 2011-12-28 |
KR20110117678A (ko) | 2011-10-27 |
AU2010215568B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
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