JP2012518210A - 長距離に亘って高パワーレーザーエネルギを伝達するための光ケーブル - Google Patents
長距離に亘って高パワーレーザーエネルギを伝達するための光ケーブル Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
Description
本願は、Method and Apparatus for Delivering High Power Laser Energy over Long Distances(長距離に亘って高パワーレーザーエネルギを給送する方法及び装置)という名称の2009年8月19日に出願された米国特許出願第12/554,136号の一部継続出願であり、この出願は、Transmission of High Optical Power Levels via Optical Fibers for Applications such as Rock Drilling and Power Transmission(削岩及びパワー伝達のような用途のための光ファイバによる高光パワーレベルの伝達)という名称の米国仮特許出願第61/106,472号に基づく35U.S.C第119条(e)(1)による優先日2008年10月17日の利益を主張しており、Optical Fiber Cable for Transmission of High Power Laser Energy Over Great Distances(長距離に亘って高パワーレーザーエネルギを伝達する光ファイバケーブル)という名称の2010年1月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/295,562号及びMethod and Apparatus for an Armored High Power Optical Fiber for Providing Boreholes in the Earth(地中にボーリング孔を開ける方法及びそのための外装を有する高パワー光ファイバのための方法及び装置)という名称の2009年2月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/153,127号に基づく35U.S.C.第119条(e)(1)による優先権を主張している。上記した通常の米国特許出願及び米国仮特許出願の各々は、これに言及することにより、その全開示内容が参考として本明細書に組み込まれている。
本発明の光ファイバケーブルの実施形態の一つの例は、直径が約600ミクロンの石英ガラス製のコアと、厚みが60ミクロンのフッ素がドープされた石英ガラス製のクラッドと、厚みが約90ミクロンの高温アクリレートコーティングと、厚みが約2500ミクロンのチキソトロールゲルからなる第一の保護層と、外径が約6250ミクロンで長さが約2kmの316ステンレス鋼製の第二の保護層とからなる。コアとクラッドとコーティングとを備えているファイバ構造の長さは、ステンレス鋼製の保護層の長さよりも長い。この長さの違いによって、ケーブルが、例えば、坑井内を下方へ伸長せしめられるときのようにケーブルが垂下状態又は張力を受けた状態にあるときのファイバ構造の延伸に対するステンレス鋼の何らかの延伸差が対処される。該ファイバの開口数は少なくとも0.14である。この例のファイバは、好ましいレーザーからの約20kW(キロワット)のパワーのレーザービーム(波長が1080nm)を、約2kmの距離に亘って、約200℃以下の温度及び約3000psi(20.68MPa)の圧力下で、1dB/km未満のパワー損失で伝達させることができる。
本発明の光ファイバケーブルの一実施形態の一つの例は、直径が約500ミクロンの石英ガラス製のコアと、厚みが50ミクロンのケイ素がドープされた石英ガラス製のクラッドと、厚みが約60ミクロンのアクリレートコーティングと、外径が1/8インチ(3.175ミリメートル)のステンレス鋼製の保護層と、約2kmの長さとを有している。該ファイバの開口数(NA)は0.22である。この実施例のファイバは、好ましいレーザーからの約10kW(キロワット)のパワーのレーザービーム(波長が1080nm)を、約2kmの距離に亘って、約150℃以下の温度及び大気圧下で、0.8dB/km未満のパワー損失で伝達させることができる。
本発明の光ファイバケーブルの一実施形態の一つの例は、直径が約600ミクロンの石英ガラス製のコアと、厚みが60ミクロンのケイ素がドープされた石英ガラス製のクラッドと、厚みが約90ミクロンのアクリレートコーティングと、外径が1/8インチ(3.175ミリメートル)のステンレス鋼製の保護層と、約0.5kmの長さとを有している。該ファイバの開口数(NA)は0.17である。この例のファイバは、好ましいレーザーからの約10kW(キロワット)のパワーのレーザービーム(波長が1080nm)を、約0.5kmの距離に亘って、約200℃以下の温度及び大気圧下で、1dB/km未満のパワー損失で伝達させることができる。
好ましいIPG20000YBレーザービームを、1kHzのパルス繰返数に対して10%のデューティーサイクルで作動させた。この実施例の作動条件は、SBSに対する時定数よりも長いパルス持続時間を維持するように確立した。従って、SBSの欠如は、パルス持続時間ではなくファイバとレーザーとの結果であった。レーザービームを実施例2の2kmファイバの中を伝達させ、図3に示されている試験装置のラインに沿った試験装置内で評価し、表Iに示されている結果が得られた。表I中、射出されたピークパワーとパワー出力との単位はワットである。
好ましいIGP20000YBレーザーを、連続波を提供するように作動させた。下の表に記載されているように、1個、2個、4個、及び6個のモジュールを使用した。各パワーに対して、レーザーは約2分15秒間発光させた。レーザービームを実施例2の2kmファイバ内で伝達させ、図3に示されている試験装置のラインに沿って該試験装置内で評価し、表IIに示されている結果が得られた。表IIにおいて、レーザーパワー(入力パワー)と出力パワーとは、ワットで示されており且つパワー処理量は伝達率と同じ意味である。
好ましいIPG20000YBレーザーを作動させて連続波を提供した。1個のモジュールを使用した。各パワーについて、レーザーは約2分15秒間発光させた。レーザービームは、実施例3の0.5kmファイバ内を伝達させ、図3に示されている試験装置のラインに沿って該試験装置内で評価し、表III及び表IVに示されている結果が得られた。表III及び表IVにおいて、レーザーパワー(入力パワー)及び出力パワーはワットによって示されており、パワー処理量は伝達率と同義である。
好ましいIPG20000YBレーザーを作動させて連続波を提供した。下の表に示されているように、2個、6個、8個、及び10個のモジュールを使用した。各パワーについて、レーザーを約2分15秒間発光させた。レーザービームは、実施例2の2kmファイバ内を伝達させ、図3に示されている試験装置のラインに沿って該試験装置内で評価し、表Vに示されている結果が得られた。表Vにおいて、レーザーパワー(入力パワー)及び出力パワーパワーは、ワットで示されており、パワー処理量は伝達率と同義である
4 第一の保護層、 5 第二の保護層、 301 レーザー、
302 ファイバ、 303 QBHコネクタ、 304 コリメータ、
305 1/4%ビームサンプラ、 306 1/4%ビームサンプラ、
307 ビームダンプ、 308 コリメータ、 309 QBHコネクタ、
310 試験ファイバ、 311 QBHコネクタ、 312 コリメータ、
313 1/4%ビームサンプラ、 314 パワーメータ、
315 光スペクトル分析器(OSA)、
316 光時間領域反射率計(OTDR)、
317 1/4%ビームサンプラ、 318 パワーメータ
Claims (34)
- 高パワーレーザーエネルギを長距離に亘って伝達する光ファイバケーブルであり、
約0.5kmより長い長さの光ファイバケーブルからなり、
該ケーブルは、コアと、クラッドと、コーティングと、第一の保護層と、第二の保護層とを備えており、
前記ケーブルは、約5kW以上のパワーを有するレーザーエネルギを、該ケーブルの全長に亘って、約2db/km未満のパワー損失で且つ誘導ラマン散乱スペクトル帯域が存在することなく伝達することができる、ことを特徴とする光ファイバケーブル。 - 長さが約1kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 長さが約2kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 長さが約3kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 長さが約1kmより長く且つ前記パワーが約10kWより大きい、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 長さが約2kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のケーブル。
- 長さが約3kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のケーブル。
- 前記第二の保護層が前記コアより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 前記コアの直径が少なくとも約500ミクロンである、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のケーブル。
- 高パワーレーザーエネルギを長距離に亘って伝達する光ファイバケーブルであり、
a.レーザーエネルギを受け取る入力端と、レーザーエネルギを工具又は面へと給送する出力端とを備えているケーブルからなり、
b.該ケーブルの前記入力端と出力端との間の長さが少なくとも約1kmであり、
c.前記ケーブルがコアと保護手段とを備えており、
d.前記コアの直径が少なくとも約500ミクロンであり、
e.前記ケーブルの入力端が、レーザーから、約5kW以上のパワーのレーザーから高パワーレーザーエネルギを受け取る構造とされており、
f.前記ケーブルの出力端が、前記受け取ったレーザーエネルギの少なくとも約70%を給送できる構造とされている、ことを特徴とするケーブル。 - 長さが少なくとも約2kmである、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のケーブル。
- 前記コアが前記保護手段より長い、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のケーブル。
- 前記給送されるレーザーエネルギが実質的に誘導ラマン散乱を生じないスペクトルを有している、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のケーブル。
- 長距離に亘って高パワーのレーザーエネルギを伝達する光ファイバケーブルであり、
該ケーブルの長さが少なくとも約1kmであり、
該ケーブルは、ファイバコアと外側保護層とを備えており、
該ケーブルは、約5kW以上のパワーのレーザーエネルギを、ケーブルの全長に亘って、少なくとも約60%のパワー伝達率で且つ誘導ラマン散乱スペクトル帯域が存在しない状態で伝達することができる、ことを特徴とする光ファイバケーブル。 - 高パワーレーザーエネルギを工具に給送する装置であり、
a.パワーが少なくとも約1kWの高パワーレーザーと、
b.i.コアと、ii.クラッドと、iii.コーティングと、iv.保護層と、を備えている光ファイバケーブルと、
c.工具と、を備えており、
d.前記ケーブルが、第一の端部と、第二の端部と、該第一の端部と第二の端部との間の長さとを有しており、
e.前記ケーブルの長さが2kmより長く、
f.前記ケーブルの前記第一の端部は前記レーザーと光学的に結合されており、前記ケーブルの前記第二の端部は前記工具に光学的に結合されており、
g.前記ケーブル内を伝達されるレーザービームは、該ケーブルの前記第一の端部において少なくとも約1kWのパワーを有しており、
h.前記第一の端部から第二の端部までの前記ケーブル内でのレーザービームのパワー損失は約2dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記第一の端部におけるレーザービームのパワーが約5kW以上である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記第一の端部におけるレーザービームのパワーが約10kW以上である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記パワー損失が約1dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記パワー損失が約0.5dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記ケーブルが第二の保護層を備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記ケーブルが第二のクラッドを備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の装置。
- レーザーエネルギを長距離に亘って伝達する光ファイバケーブルのコイルであり、
a.コアと、クラッドと、コーティングと、第一の保護層と、第二の保護層と、を備えているケーブルからなり、
b.前記ケーブルの長さが2kmより長く、
c.前記ケーブルが、その全長に対して高パワーレーザーエネルギを約2dB/km未満のパワー損失で伝達することができ、
d.前記ケーブルがコイル状に巻かれており、
e.該巻き上げられたコイルの外形が約6m未満である、ことを特徴とするコイル。 - 当該コイルがスプール上にあり、前記高パワーレーザーエネルギが5kW以上であり、長さが約1kmより長く、パワー損失が約1dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のコイル。
- 前記ケーブルの長さが約2kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のコイル。
- 前記ケーブルの長さが約3kmより長い、ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のコイル。
- 高パワーレーザーエネルギを工具に給送する装置であり、
a.パワーが少なくとも約1kWの高パワーレーザーと、
b.i.コアと、ii.クラッドと、iii.コーティングと、iv.第一の保護層と、を備えている光ファイバケーブルと、
c.工具と、を備えており、
d.前記ケーブルは、第一の端部と、第二の端部と、該第一の端部と第二の端部との間の長さとを有しており、
e.前記ケーブルの長さが0.5kmより長く、
f.前記ケーブルの第一の端部は前記レーザーと光学的に結合されており、前記ケーブルの第二の端部は前記工具に光学的に結合されており、
g.前記レーザービームは、前記ケーブル内を伝達される約800nm〜約2000nmの範囲内の波長を有しており且つ前記ケーブルの第一の端部でのパワーが少なくとも約1kWのパワーであり、
h.前記ケーブル内の前記第一の端部から第二の端部までにおけるレーザービームのパワー損失が約2dB/km未満であり、
i.給送されるレーザーエネルギが、実質的に誘導ラマン散乱を受けない、ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記レーザービームの波長が約1080nmである、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記レーザービームの波長が約1550nmである、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記レーザービームの波長が約1490nmである、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記パワー損失が約1dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記パワー損失が約0.5dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の装置。
- 高パワーレーザーエネルギを工具に給送する装置であり、
a.パワーが少なくとも約5kWの高パワーレーザーと、
b.i.コアと、ii.保護層と、を備えている光ファイバケーブルと、
c.工具と、を備えており、
d.前記ケーブルは、第一の端部と、第二の端部と、該第一の端部と第二の端部との間の長さとを有しており、
e.前記ケーブルの長さが2kmより長く、
f.前記ケーブルの第一の端部は前記レーザーと光学的に結合されており、前記ケーブルの第二の端部は前記工具に光学的に結合されており、
g.前記レーザービームは、前記ケーブル内を伝達される約800nm〜約2000nmの範囲内の波長を有しており且つ前記ケーブルの第一の端部におけるパワーが少なくとも約5kWであり、
h.前記ケーブル内の前記第一の端部から第二の端部までにおけるレーザービームのパワー損失が約0.8dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記パワー損失が約0.5dB/km未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項32に記載の装置。
- 高パワーレーザーエネルギを長距離に亘って伝達する光ファイバケーブルであり、
a.レーザーエネルギを受け取る入力端部と、該レーザーエネルギを工具又は面へと給送するパワー端部とを備えているケーブルからなり、
b.該ケーブルは、前記入力端部と出力端部との間の長さが少なくとも約1kmであり、
c.該ケーブルは、コアと、クラッドと、コーティングと、保護手段とを備えており、
d.該ケーブルのコアの直径が少なくとも約300ミクロンであり、
e.該ケーブルの入力端部は、約10kW以上のパワーを有するレーザーから高パワーのレーザーエネルギを受け取る構造とされており、
f.該ケーブルのパワー端部は、受け取ったレーザーエネルギの少なくとも約70%を給送する構造とされている、ことを特徴とする光ファイバケーブル。
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US10001612B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
RU2011138270A (ru) | 2013-03-27 |
US20100215326A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
US9347271B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
EP2399155A1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
JP5684151B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
US20160299304A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
RU2551392C2 (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
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WO2010144160A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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