JP2012512130A - 高エネルギー密度のウルトラキャパシタ用活性炭材料の形成方法 - Google Patents
高エネルギー密度のウルトラキャパシタ用活性炭材料の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011844 whole wheat flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
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- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体と無機化合物の水性混合物を形成し、
前記水性混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して前記炭素前駆体を炭化し、
前記炭化した炭素前駆体から前記無機化合物を除去する、
各工程を有してなる。
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し、
前記第1の炭素材料を無機化合物と混合して混合物を形成し、
前記混合物を加熱して前記無機化合物を前記第1の炭素材料内に取り込み、
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去する、
各工程を有してなる。有利には、前記混合工程は、前記第1の炭素材料を前記無機化合物の水性混合物と混合することを含みうる。
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体と無機化合物の水性混合物を形成し、
前記水性混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して前記炭素前駆体を炭化し、
前記炭化した前駆体から前記無機化合物を除去し、
得られた多孔質の活性炭材料から炭素系の電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる。
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し、
前記第1の炭素材料を無機化合物と混合して混合物を形成し、
前記混合物を加熱して前記無機化合物を前記第1の炭素材料内に取り込み、
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去して多孔質の活性炭材料を製造し、
前記多孔質の活性炭材料から炭素系の電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる。
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気で加熱して中間炭素材料を形成し、
前記中間炭素材料を酸化雰囲気下で加熱し、
得られた多孔質の活性炭材料から炭素系の電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる。酸化雰囲気は、蒸気(H2O)、COおよび/またはCO2を含みうる。
小麦粉を、最初に、窒素流下、800℃で2時間、炭化した。次に、得られた炭化前駆体を、KOH溶液(水中、46重量%)と、1:5(重量/重量)の炭素:KOHの比で混合した。混合物を、窒素下で800℃まで、2時間加熱し、室温まで冷却した。冷却した混合物を、水、次に希HClで洗浄し、カリウムを除去した。流出液のpHをモニタリングすることによって、カリウムの完全な除去を確認した。炭素粉末生成物を乾燥し、微粉末(〜10マイクロメートル)になるまで粉砕した。
小麦粉の代わりにトウモロコシ粉末を用いた以外は実施例1の実験を繰り返した。活性炭電極の容量キャパシタンスは97F/cm3であった。
KOH(45重量%)水溶液を水性のフェノール樹脂(Georgia Pacific GP(登録商標)510D34)と3:1の重量比で混合することによって、比較例となる樹脂系の炭素材料を調製した。125℃で24時間、次に、175℃で24時間、オーブンで加熱することによって混合物を硬化し、黄褐色をした発泡状態の個体を得た。硬化した混合物を機械力によって小片に粉砕し、黒鉛坩堝内に入れ、レトルト炉(CM Furnaces社製、モデル1216FL)に入れて炭化/活性化した。
ウルトラキャパシタ用途に使用するために開発された、市販のPICA炭素(リグノセルロースの材料から誘導)を本発明の炭素材料に代えて使用し、実施例1に記載されるボタン型電池の手順を用いて試験した。容量キャパシタンスは45F/cm3であった。図1Aおよび1Bは、この材料のブロック様の粒状の構造を有するSEM顕微鏡写真を示している。BET表面積は1800m2/gであった。
さらに、実施例1に従ったボタン電池の手順を用いて、株式会社クラレから市販されるカーボン−YP50(リグノセルロースの材料から誘導)を特徴化した。容量キャパシタンスは65F/cm3であった。
小麦粉をKOH溶液(水中、46重量%)で混合し、1:3の比(重量/重量)の小麦粉:KOHを得た。混合物を1時間寝かし、小麦粉の構造内にKOHを取り込ませた。次に、混合物を、制御雰囲気の加熱炉に入れ、窒素流下、800℃まで4時間加熱し、窒素下で室温まで冷却した。
小麦粉に代えてクルミ殻粉末を使用した以外は、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。容量キャパシタンスは59F/cm3であった。この実施例は、リグノセルロースの前駆体を使用して達成された、低い容量キャパシタンスを示した。
トウモロコシ粉末を用い、粉末:KOHの比を1:5にし、700℃に設定した加熱炉内でサンプルを加熱した以外は、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。
米粉を用いて実施例6の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に記載される手順に従って電極を作製した。容量キャパシタンスは80F/cm3であった。
小麦粉のKOHに対する比を1:1に変更した以外は、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に記載されるように電極を作製した。容量キャパシタンスは88F/cm3であった。
小麦粉を、最初に、窒素下、800℃で4時間、炭化した。得られた炭化前駆体材料を、1:3(重量/重量)の炭素:KOHの比で、KOH溶液(水中、46重量%)と混合した。次いで、混合物を窒素下で800℃まで4時間加熱し、窒素下で室温まで冷却させた。冷却後、混合物を水で洗浄し、最後に希HClで洗浄して、カリウムを除去した。流出液のpHをモニタリングすることによって、カリウムの完全な除去を確認した。次に、炭素を乾燥し、微粉末(〜10マイクロメートル)になるまで粉砕し、結合剤と混合し、実施例1に記載されるように電極を作製した。容量キャパシタンスは94F/cm3であった。
トウモロコシ粉末を用いて実施例11の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に記載されるように電極を作製した。容量キャパシタンスは91F/cm3であった。
小麦粉を、最初に、窒素下で850℃まで炭化した後、二酸化炭素中で活性化した。得られた炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に記載されるように電極を作製した。容量キャパシタンスは80F/cm3であった。
Claims (5)
- 活性炭材料を製造する方法であって:
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体と無機化合物の水性混合物を形成し;
前記水性混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し;
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去して活性炭材料を生成する、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - 炭素系電極を製造する方法であって:
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体と無機化合物の水性混合物を形成し;
前記水性混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し;
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去して活性炭材料を生成し;
前記活性炭材料から炭素系の電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - 活性炭材料を製造する方法であって:
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し;
前記第1の炭素材料を無機化合物と混合して混合物を形成し;
前記混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して、前記無機化合物を前記第1の炭素材料内に取り込み;
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去して活性炭材料を生成する、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - 炭素系電極を製造する方法であって:
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して第1の炭素材料を形成し;
前記第1の炭素材料を無機化合物と混合して混合物を形成し;
前記混合物を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して、前記無機化合物を前記第1の炭素材料内に取り込み;
前記第1の炭素材料から前記無機化合物を除去して活性炭材料を生成し;
前記活性炭材料から炭素系の電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - 炭素系電極を製造する方法であって:
天然の非リグノセルロース性炭素前駆体を不活性または還元性雰囲気下で加熱して中間炭素材料を形成し;
前記中間炭素材料を酸化雰囲気下で加熱して活性炭材料を生成し;
前記活性炭材料から炭素系電極を形成する、
各工程を有してなる方法。
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- 2009-12-15 JP JP2011542318A patent/JP5771151B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-15 CN CN201611224262.1A patent/CN106853967A/zh active Pending
- 2009-12-15 KR KR1020117016441A patent/KR20110098955A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-15 WO PCT/US2009/067977 patent/WO2010075054A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-12-15 CN CN2009801568758A patent/CN102317206A/zh active Pending
- 2009-12-15 TW TW098143026A patent/TWI481555B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP5771151B2 (ja) | 2015-08-26 |
US8784764B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CN102317206A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
US20100150814A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
KR20110098955A (ko) | 2011-09-02 |
TWI481555B (zh) | 2015-04-21 |
EP2373582A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
WO2010075054A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
CN106853967A (zh) | 2017-06-16 |
TW201034943A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
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