JP5572634B2 - 高エネルギー密度ウルトラキャパシタ用活性炭材料 - Google Patents
高エネルギー密度ウルトラキャパシタ用活性炭材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5572634B2 JP5572634B2 JP2011542317A JP2011542317A JP5572634B2 JP 5572634 B2 JP5572634 B2 JP 5572634B2 JP 2011542317 A JP2011542317 A JP 2011542317A JP 2011542317 A JP2011542317 A JP 2011542317A JP 5572634 B2 JP5572634 B2 JP 5572634B2
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- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- MPARYNQUYZOBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolutetiooxy)lutetium Chemical compound O=[Lu]O[Lu]=O MPARYNQUYZOBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/306—Active carbon with molecular sieve properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/382—Making shaped products, e.g. fibres, spheres, membranes or foam
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
初めに、窒素流中800℃で2時間、コムギ粉を炭化させた。得られた炭化前駆体を、次いで、KOH溶液(水中46重量%)と1:5の炭素:KOH比(重量/重量)で混合した。混合物を窒素中800℃で2時間加熱し、室温まで冷却させた。冷却した混合物を水で洗い、次いで、カリウムを除去するために希HClで洗浄した。カリウム除去の完了は溶離液のpHをモニタすることで確認した。得られた炭素粉末を乾燥させ、粉砕して微細(〜10μm)粉末にした。
コムギ粉をトウモロコシ粉で置き換えたことを除いて、実施例1の実験を繰り返した。活性炭電極の体積比静電容量は97F/cm3であった。
対照例として、樹脂系炭素材料を、KOHの水溶液(45重量%)を水性フェノール樹脂(Georgia Pacific GP(登録商標) 510D34)と重量で3:1の比で組み合わせることで、作成した。混合物をオーブン内125℃で24時間加熱することで硬化させ、次いで175℃で24時間加熱して黄褐色を帯びた気泡体状固体を得た。硬化した混合物を機械力で砕いて小さくし、炭化/活性化のために、黒鉛るつぼに入れてレトルト炉(CM Furnaces, モデル1216FL)に装填した。
ウルトラキャパシタで用いるために開発された、(リグノセルロース材料から得られた)市販のPICA炭素で本発明の炭素を置き換えて、実施例1に説明したボタン型電池処方を用いて試験した。体積比静電容量は45F/cm3であった。図3A及び3Bは、ブロック様細粒構造を有する、この材料のSEM顕微鏡写真を示す。BET表面積は1800m2/gであった。
別の市販のクラレ炭素−(リグノセルロース材料から得た)YP50も、実施例1にしたがうボタン型セル処方を用いて炭化させた。体積比静電容量は65F/cm3であった。
コムギ粉をKOH溶液(水中46重量%)と混合して、1:3のコムギ粉:KOH(重量/重量)比を得た。混合物を1時間ねかせて、KOHをコムギ粉構造に取り込ませた。次いで混合物を雰囲気制御炉に入れ、窒素流中800℃で4時間加熱し、窒素内で室温まで冷却した。
コムギ粉をクルミ殻粉で置き換えたことを除いて、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。体積比静電容量は59F/cm3であった。本実施例はリグノセルロース前駆体では得られる体積比静電容量が小さくなることを示す。
トウモロコシ粉を用い、粉:KOH比が1:5であり、試料を700℃に設定した炉内で加熱したことを除いて、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。
米粉を用いて実施例6の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に説明される処方にしたがって電極を作成した。体積比静電容量は80F/cm3であった。
粉対KOH比を1:1に変更したことを除いて、実施例6の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に説明されるように電極を作成した。体積比静電容量は88F/cm3であった。
初めに、窒素流中800℃で4時間、コムギ粉を炭化させた。得られた炭化前駆体材料をKOH溶液(水中46重量%)と1:3の炭素:KOH比(重量/重量)で混合した。次いで混合物を窒素中800℃で4時間加熱し、窒素内で室温まで冷却させた。冷却後、混合物を水で洗い、最後に、カリウムを除去するために希HClで洗浄した。カリウム除去の完了は溶離液のpHをモニタすることで確認した。次いで、炭素粉末を乾燥させ、粉砕して微細(〜10μm)粉末にし、結合剤と混合し、実施例1に説明されるように電極を作成した。体積比静電容量は94F/cm3であった。
トウモロコシ粉を用いて実施例11の実験を繰り返した。炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に説明されるように電極を作成した。体積比静電容量は91F/cm3であった。
コムギ粉を初めに窒素中850℃で炭化させ、続いて二酸化炭素で活性化した。こうして得られた炭素を結合剤と混合し、実施例1に説明されるように電極を作成した。体積比静電容量は80F/cm3であった。
412,414 セラミックディスク
422,424 プラテン
430 試料
440 デジタルマルチメータ
446a,446b,448a,448b リード線
500 ボタン型セル
512,514 電流コレクタ
522,524 高分子材リング
532,534 炭素電極
540 セパレータ
Claims (4)
- 活性炭材料において、
該活性炭材料は、リグニンおよびセルロースを含有していない非リグノセルロース炭素前駆体から形成され、
60Åのd−間隔における回折ビームの強度をI 60 、176Åのd−間隔における強度をI 176 、15Åのd−間隔における強度をI 15 としたとき、I 60 /|I 176 −I 15 |で定義される構造秩序比(SOR)が0.05以下であり、
0.2重量%より大きい窒素含有量を有する
ことを特徴とする活性炭材料。 - 前記窒素含有量が1重量%より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性炭材料。
- 前記活性炭材料が70F/cm3以上の体積比静電容量を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性炭材料。
- 電気化学セルにおいて、
請求項1に記載の活性炭材料を含む第1の電極、
多孔質セパレータ、及び
一対の導電性基板、
を有し、
前記多孔質セパレータが前記第1の電極と第2の電極の間に配され、
前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極がそれぞれ、前記導電性基板のそれぞれと電気的に接触している、
ことを特徴とする電気化学セル。
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US12/335,044 US8318356B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2008-12-15 | Activated carbon materials for high energy density ultracapacitors |
PCT/US2009/067975 WO2010075053A1 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | Activated carbon materials for high energy density ultracapacitors |
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