JP2012020281A - 複層活性層を有する複合膜 - Google Patents
複層活性層を有する複合膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012020281A JP2012020281A JP2011116591A JP2011116591A JP2012020281A JP 2012020281 A JP2012020281 A JP 2012020281A JP 2011116591 A JP2011116591 A JP 2011116591A JP 2011116591 A JP2011116591 A JP 2011116591A JP 2012020281 A JP2012020281 A JP 2012020281A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical group C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypofluorous acid Chemical group FO AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornane Chemical group C1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C2 UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 isoper Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
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- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- GCPXMJHSNVMWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenous acid Chemical compound O[As](O)O GCPXMJHSNVMWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000223 arsonoyl group Chemical group [H][As](*)(*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSYAJHXCQLCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-amino-2-[[4-amino-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C(O)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F USSYAJHXCQLCTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-XPWSMXQVSA-N 9-octadecenoic acid 1-[(phosphonoxy)methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-XPWSMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- DXASQZJWWGZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound CN(C)C.O=S(=O)=O DXASQZJWWGZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
【解決手段】 ポリマー半透膜は支持層上の活性層を含む。活性層は少なくとも2つの化学的に異なる架橋ポリアミド膜を含み、これらの膜は界面で互いに架橋結合する。
【選択図】 図1
Description
(i)以下の式1
R(NH2)z 式1
(式中、Rは脂肪族基、脂環式基、芳香族基、複素環基、及びそれらの組合せ、のうちから選択される有機基を表し、zは2又はそれ以上の整数を表す)によって表される単量体ポリアミン反応物の水溶液を含む化学混合物(A)を支持膜に塗布して処理済み支持膜を形成することと、
(ii)有機溶媒、及び以下の式2
(iii)塩基水溶液、及び以下の式1A
を含む。
R(NH2)z 式1
で表される単量体ポリアミン反応物を含む。
で表される単量体多官能性ハロゲン化アシル反応物を含み、式中、R1は脂肪族基、脂環式基、芳香族基、複素環基、及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、Xはフッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素のうちから選択されるハロゲン化物であり、pは2又はそれ以上、2乃至20、又は2乃至8の整数を表す
で表される有機基を表し、式中、WはCH2、O、S、C=O、SO2、C(CH3)2、C(CF3)2及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、sは0又は1の整数を表し、1価のCOXはベンゼン環に化学的に結合され、Xは、フッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素のうちから独立に選択される。
式中、R23、R24、R25、R26及びR27はそれぞれ独立に1価COXから選択され、ここでXは独立にフッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素のうちから選択される。
式中、R28、R29、R30、R31及びR32はそれぞれ独立に1価COXから選択され、Xは独立にフッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素のうちから選択され、ここでWはCH2、O、S、C=O、SO2、C(CH3)2、C(CF3)2及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、sは0又は1の整数を表す。
式中、R0は脂肪族基、脂環式基、芳香族基、複素環基、及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、nは1又はそれ以上、1乃至20、又は1乃至8の整数を表し、mは2又はそれ以上、2乃至20、又は2乃至8の整数を表す。
式中、YはCH2、O、S、C=O、SO2、C(CH3)2、C(CF3)2及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、rは0又は1の整数を表す。式3において、1価アミノ(NH2)基及び1価ヘキサフルオロアルキル[C(CF3)2OH]基は、それぞれベンゼン環に化学結合する。
式中、1価アミノ(NH2)基及び1価ヘキサフルオロアルキル[C(CF3)2OH]基は、それぞれナフタレン環に化学結合する。
式中、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立にNH2及びC(CF3)2OHのうちから選択され、YはCH2、O、S、C=O、SO2、C(CH3)2、C(CF3)2及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、rは0又は1の整数を表す。
式中、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及びR15は、それぞれ独立にNH2及びC(CF3)2OHのうちから選択される。
式中、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21及びR22は、それぞれ独立にNH2及びC(CF3)2OHのうちから選択される。
3,3’−ビス(1−ヒドロキシ−1−トリフルオロメチル−2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−4,4’−メチレンジアニリン(HFA−MDA)はセントラル硝子株式会社(日本)より供給され、そのまま用いた。
m−フェニレンジアミン(MPDフレーク、>99%)及び塩化トリメソイル(TMC、98%)、ヒ酸ナトリウム(Na2HAsO4・7H2O、99%)、及び酸化ヒ素(III)(As2O3、>99.5%)はシグマ・アルドリッチから購入し、TMCは使用前に蒸留した。
塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH、ペレット)及び炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)はJ.T.Bakerから購入した。
ヘキサンはOmniSolvから購入した。全ての実験に脱イオン水を用いた。
ポリスルホン(PSF)限外ろ過(UF)膜はセプロ・メンブレン社から購入した。
参照ポリアミドTFC膜とするREF−PAは、形成済みのポリスルホン(PSF)限外ろ過膜の上に、単一ステップ界面重合によって合成した。PSF膜を、2%(w/v)MPD水溶液中に2分間配置し、次にMPDをしみ込ませた支持膜を、ゴムローラを用いて回転させて余分な溶液を除去した。次にMPD飽和膜を0.1%(w/v)塩化トリメソイル(TMC)のヘキサン溶液に浸した。1分間の反応の後、結果として得られた膜を0.2%(w/v)炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を用いて5分間洗浄し、膜の評価を行うまで純水中に保存した。
層状ポリアミドTFC膜REF−HFA−PAは、形成済みのポリスルホン(PSF)限外ろ過膜の上に、逐次界面重合によって合成した。PSF膜を、2%(w/v)MPD水溶液中に2分間配置し、次にMPDをしみ込ませた支持膜を、ゴムローラを用いて回転させて余分な溶液を除去した。次にMPD飽和膜を0.1%(w/v)塩化トリメソイル(TMC)のヘキサン溶液に浸した。1分間の反応の後、結果として得られた膜を2%(w/v)HFA−MDAジアミンの塩基水溶液中に5分間配置した(2当量のNaOHを加えてHFA−MDA単量体を完全に溶解させた)。結果として得られた膜を5分間乾燥させ、0.2%(w/v)炭酸ナトリウムの水溶液を用いて5分間洗浄し、膜の評価を行うまで純水中に保存した。
膜性能は、交差流ろ過システムを用いて400psiにおいて評価した(流量=1Gal・min−1)。膜を400psiで5時間圧力を加えた後、室温で純水の流量を測定した。次に、同じ圧力で2000ppmのNaCl水溶液を用いて塩除去率を測定した。供給水のpHは希釈HCl溶液及び希釈NaOH溶液を用いて制御した。REF−PA膜及びREF−HFS−PA膜を用いて得られた水流量及び塩除去率の値を以下の表1にまとめる。
ヒ酸(As(V))ろ過:4mgのNa2HAsO4(As(V))を14mLの純水に溶かした。この溶液12.5mLを4ガロンの水に添加した(これにより約200マイクログラム/LのAs(V)イオン濃度を生成した)。8.8グラムのNaClをこの溶液に加えた(10mM NaCl、200μg As(V)/L、10mM NaCl、pH=7.3)。この供給溶液により、交差流ろ過システムを用いて400psiにおいてAs(V)除去率を計測した。この供給溶液のpHは1M NaOHを用いて調整した。各試験に対して15mLの透過物を収集し、透過物試料のAs(V)濃度を誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(ICP−MS)によって分析した。
75.5mgのH3BO3(B(III))を100mLの純水に溶かし、この溶液を4ガロンの水に添加した(B(III)濃度:5mg/L)。この供給溶液により、交差流ろ過システムを用いて400psiにおいてホウ素除去率を計測した。この供給溶液のpHは1M NaOHを用いて調整した。各試験に対して15mLの透過物を収集し、透過物試料のホウ素濃度を誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(ICP−MS)によって分析した。
12:第1の副層/第1の架橋ポリアミド層/第1の活性膜層
14:付加的な架橋層/第2の架橋ポリアミド層/第2の活性膜層
20:薄膜複合(TFC)膜/複層複合膜
Claims (11)
- 支持層および活性層を含む複合膜であって、前記活性層は第1の架橋ポリアミド膜と、前記第1の架橋ポリアミド膜と化学的に異なる第2の架橋ポリアミド膜とを含み、前記第1の膜と第2の膜とは界面において互いに架橋結合する複合膜。
- 前記活性層は1ミクロン未満の厚さである、請求項1に記載の複合膜。
- 前記活性層は、
前記第1の架橋ポリアミド膜は、架橋芳香族ポリアミドを含み、
前記第2の架橋ポリアミド膜は、フルオロアルコール基を有する架橋芳香族ポリアミドを含む、請求項1に記載の複合膜。 - 前記フルオロアルコール基はヘキサフルオロアルコール基である、請求項3に記載の複合膜。
- 支持膜を用意するステップと、
(i)以下の式1
R(NH2)z 式1
(式中、Rは脂肪族基、脂環式基、芳香族基、複素環基、及びこれらの組合せのうちから選択される有機基を表し、z は2又はそれ以上の整数を表す)によって表される単量体ポリアミン反応物の水溶液を含む化学混合物(A)を前記支持膜上に塗布するステップと、
(ii)有機溶媒、及び以下の式2
(iii)塩基水溶液、及び以下の式1A
を含む、複合膜の作成方法。 - 式1中のRは、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、シクロヘキサン環、アダマンタン環、ノルボルナン環及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択され、zは2乃至8である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 式1A中のR0は、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、シクロヘキサン、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される有機基である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記化学混合物(C)中の塩基は、NaOH、KOH、Ca(OH)2、Na2CO3、K2CO3、CaCO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、テトラメチル水酸化アンモニウム及びこれらの組合せからなる群から独立に選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記化学混合物(B)中の有機溶媒は、n−ヘキサン、n−ヘプタン、n−オクタン、n−デカン、n−ドデカン、アイソパー、四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、クロロベンゼン、キシレン、トルエン、ベンゼン及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
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US9504967B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
JP5835835B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
US8857629B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
US20140353253A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
US20120012527A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
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