JP2011500163A - 脊髄組織を治療する装置および方法 - Google Patents
脊髄組織を治療する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011500163A JP2011500163A JP2010529042A JP2010529042A JP2011500163A JP 2011500163 A JP2011500163 A JP 2011500163A JP 2010529042 A JP2010529042 A JP 2010529042A JP 2010529042 A JP2010529042 A JP 2010529042A JP 2011500163 A JP2011500163 A JP 2011500163A
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- spinal cord
- cord tissue
- porous material
- damaged spinal
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
ラットの脊髄損傷および準大気圧の適用
実験1
ラットの外傷急性期の脊髄に準大気圧が及ぼす効果を決定するため、一連の実験を行った。第1の動物プロトコールでは、250〜300グラムのSprague−Dawleyラットを取得し、脊髄外傷(挫傷)のモデルを開発して確認した。この外傷を生じ、回復を評価する手順は、Wrathallらの「ラットの脊髄外傷(挫傷):再現可能な段階的損傷群の生成」(Spinal Cord Contusion in the Rat:Production of Graded, Reproducible, Injury Groups)(Experimental Neurology 88、108−122(1985年)における脊髄外傷の説明に基づいたものとした。麻酔をかけたラットの脊髄を露出させ、ガラス管内で5cmの高さから10グラムの円柱形おもりを落下させることにより一貫した外傷を与える手術法が開発された。
より重度の傷害を脊髄に与える第2のプロトコールを開発した(10グラムのおもりをより高い位置、7.5cmから落下させる)。28匹の大型(300グラム)Sprague−Dawleyラットを一定期間にわたり得て、収容条件に順応させた。施術日、これらのラットに鎮痛剤を投与し、背中を剃毛および清拭して準備した。脊椎上の皮膚および皮下組織と、皮膚体幹筋および筋膜を背側正中切開し、その奥の背筋を露出させた。背側正中線両側の対の筋肉(僧帽筋および潜在的に広背筋)を背側正中線で分離し、両側へ剥離した。脊柱僧帽筋(spinotrapezius)および/または仙棘筋など、脊椎自体の骨構造に付着した深部の姿勢筋も、背側正中線で分離し、両側へ剥離した。これにより、棘突起および潜在的に横突起の一部を露出した。T7〜T9のレベルにおいて、棘突起と、連続した2つの脊椎間に延在する小さい横突棘筋とを除去し、脊髄の表面(硬膜)を露出させた。T8に椎弓切除術を行った。脊椎をT7およびT9で安定させ、Wrathallらの手順に基づき、10グラムのおもりを7.5cmの高さから落下させて、中程度の脊髄損傷を与えた。5匹のラットが、それぞれ初回の施術日に死亡し(3匹は対照群、2匹は減圧治療群)、本実験の早期では、対照群の1匹が実験2日目に死亡し、残り22匹となった。本実験の終了時までに、対照群および25mmHg減圧群に、それぞれ11匹ずつのラットを無作為に割り当てた。
さらに重度の損傷を与え、回復不可能な(永続的)機能障害をもたらすよう、追加プロトコルを開発した。この外傷パラダイムは、W.M.Keck共同神経科学センター(W.M.Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience)で開発された脊髄損傷プロジェクト(The Spinal Cord Injury Project)技術に基づくもので、NYU脊髄外傷(挫傷)システム(NYU spinal cord contusion system)を使用する。これらのシステム(現在「MASCIS」と呼ばれている)はカスタム構築され、ラトガース大学生物学科(Biology Department at Rutgers University、W.M.Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience、米国ニュージャージー州Piscataway)を通じて市販されている。
機能回復の評価は、上記W.M.Keck共同神経科学センターによる22点式の移動運動評価尺度であるBBBスケール(Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)Locomotor Rating Scale)で行った(表3)。前記ラットについては、21日間監視したのち、致死量の二酸化炭素で安楽死させた。当該ラットには毎日導尿を行い、自食作用(auto−cannibalism)の徴候、褥創、皮膚の病変などの有無を監視した。自食作用の徴候を呈したラットは、すべて本試験から除外し、安楽死させた。褥創および皮膚の病変については、必要に応じ、ARP獣医職員との協議に基づき治療した。上記の配慮にもかかわらず、この実験過程では、一部のラットが死亡し、他のラットは他の問題で除外された。
Claims (42)
- 損傷した脊髄組織を治療する機器であって、
生体に導入可能な多孔質材料であって、当該生体に導入可能な多孔質材料の1若しくはそれ以上の細孔と、前記治療すべき脊髄組織との間の気体流通を可能にするよう構成された細孔構造を有し、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接して配置される少なくとも1つの選択された表面において、当該生体に導入可能な多孔質材料の内部での組織の成長を防ぐ上で十分小さな細孔を有する、生体に導入可能な多孔質材料と、
準大気圧を発生する減圧源であって、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料と気体流通可能に設けられ、前記治療すべき脊髄組織に前記準大気圧を分布させる、減圧源と
を有する機器。 - 請求項1記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、オープンセル構造のコラーゲンを有するものである。
- 請求項1および2のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、ポリジオールクエン酸塩を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、ポリジオールクエン酸塩およびコラーゲンを有するものである。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、エラスチン、ヒアルロン酸、またはアルギン酸塩、およびこれらの組み合わせを有するものである。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、エレクトロスピニングした材料を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、成形した材料を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、印刷した材料を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接して配置される、少なくとも1つの選択された表面を有し、その細孔径は線維芽細胞および脊髄細胞のサイズより小さいものである。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、その内部において、線維芽細胞および脊髄細胞より大きな細孔径を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、前記選択された表面以外の位置において、線維芽細胞および脊髄細胞より大きな細孔径を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料の細孔径は、アルブミンのサイズのタンパク質が通過できるようにする上で十分な大きさである。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、準大気圧の伝達を防ぐよう密閉された少なくとも1つの表面を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記生体に導入可能な多孔質材料は、前記選択された表面以外の表面において、肉芽組織形成を促進する上で十分大きな細孔径を有するものである。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、前記減圧源は、真空ポンプを有するものである。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の機器において、この機器はカバーを有し、当該カバーは、前記損傷した脊髄組織を覆い、当該カバー下の当該損傷した脊髄組織において準大気圧を保つよう構成されているものである。
- 請求項16記載の機器において、前記カバーは、粘着シートを有する。
- 準大気圧を使って、損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法であって、
i.多孔質材料の1若しくはそれ以上の細孔と前記損傷した脊髄組織との間に気体流通を提供するため、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて前記多孔質材料を配置する工程と、
ii.損傷した脊髄組織の周辺領域で準大気圧を保つため、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接した原位置(in situ)で前記多孔質材料を密閉する工程と、
iii.前記損傷した脊髄組織において準大気圧を生じるため、減圧システムを前記多孔質材料と動作可能かつ気体流通可能に連結する工程と、
iv.前記減圧システムを作動させ、前記損傷した脊髄組織において準大気圧を提供する工程と
を有する、損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法。 - 請求項18記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、当該多孔質材料の少なくとも1つの選択された表面において、当該多孔質材料の内部での組織の成長を防ぐ上で十分小さな細孔を有する当該多孔質材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18または請求項19に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、当該多孔質材料の少なくとも1つの選択された表面において、線維芽細胞のサイズより小さい細孔径を有する当該多孔質材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項19または請求項20に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記選択された表面は、前記損傷した脊髄組織とのインターフェース(界面)に近接して配置されるものである。
- 請求項18〜21のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、前記損傷した脊髄組織を取り囲む空間内の他組織で肉芽組織形成を促進するよう十分大きな細孔径を有する当該多孔質材料を配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、多孔質でオープンセル構造のコラーゲン材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、多孔質でオープンセル構造の生体に導入可能な材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、ポリジオールクエン酸塩材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、ポリジオールクエン酸塩およびコラーゲンを有する材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、エラスチン、ヒアルロン酸、アルギン酸塩、またはこれらの組み合わせを有する材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、ポリグリコール酸材料および/またはポリ乳酸材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜28のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、エレクトロスピニングした多孔質材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜28のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、成形した多孔質材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜28のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、印刷した多孔質材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、発泡材、多孔質合成ポリマー材料、ポリビニルアルコール発泡材、およびオープンセル構造のポリマー発泡材のうち少なくとも1つを、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、多孔質シートおよび柔軟なシート状メッシュの少なくとも一方を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記多孔質材料を配置する工程は、ポリエチレン材料および/またはポリエステル材料を、前記損傷した脊髄組織に近接させて配置する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項18〜34のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、この方法は、
前記損傷した脊髄組織において、当該損傷における浮腫を軽減する上で十分な時間、前記準大気圧を維持する工程を有するものである。 - 請求項18〜34のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、この方法は、
大気圧より約25mmHg低い準大気圧を維持する工程を有するものである。 - 請求項18〜34のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、この方法は、
大気圧より少なくとも約25mmHg低い準大気圧を維持する工程を有するものである。 - 請求項18〜34のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、この方法は、
大気圧より約25mmHg〜75mmHg低い準大気圧を、前記損傷した脊髄組織において維持する工程を有するものである。 - 請求項18〜34のいずれか一項に記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記原位置(in situ)で前記多孔質材料を密閉する工程は、損傷した脊髄組織において準大気圧を維持するため、当該損傷した脊髄組織の上からカバーを配置する工程と、当該損傷した脊髄組織に近接した組織を前記カバーで密閉する工程とを有するものである。
- 請求項39記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記カバーは、前記減圧システムから準大気圧を受ける減圧ポートを有し、前記減圧システムを前記多孔質材料と動作可能かつ気体流通可能に連結する工程は、前記減圧システムを前記減圧ポートと連結する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項39記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、当該損傷した脊髄組織周囲の組織を前記カバーで密閉する工程は、当該損傷した脊髄組織周囲の組織に前記カバーを接着剤で接着させて密閉する工程を有するものである。
- 請求項39記載の損傷した脊髄組織を治療する方法において、前記カバーを配置する工程は、前記損傷した脊髄組織の上から前記粘着シートを配置する工程を有し、前記カバーで密閉する工程は、前記損傷した脊髄組織周囲の組織に前記粘着シートを接着させて密閉し、前記シートと前記損傷した脊髄組織周囲の組織との間にシール(密閉部)を形成する工程を有するものである。
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JP2010515540A (ja) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-05-13 | ウェイク フォーレスト ユニバーシティ ヘルス サイエンシーズ | 周期的減圧を用いた創傷治療のための装置および方法 |
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JP2012507347A (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2012-03-29 | ケーシーアイ ライセンシング インコーポレイテッド | 減圧式深層組織閉合システム及び方法 |
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JP5462175B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
EP2205189A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
DK2205189T3 (en) | 2018-03-12 |
US20090187259A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
US8834520B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
KR20100100798A (ko) | 2010-09-15 |
CN101896140B (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
AU2008310819A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
AU2008310819B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
ZA201002498B (en) | 2011-01-26 |
BRPI0817544A2 (pt) | 2017-05-02 |
IL204825A0 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
CN101896140A (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2205189B1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
US20140350499A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
RU2010118021A (ru) | 2011-11-20 |
US20170368242A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
RU2489993C2 (ru) | 2013-08-20 |
WO2009049058A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
ES2661762T3 (es) | 2018-04-03 |
CA2702239C (en) | 2016-11-08 |
US20200384168A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
CA2702239A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
KR101600041B1 (ko) | 2016-03-03 |
US10632235B2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
EP2205189A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
HK1150958A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 |
IL204825A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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