JP2011177557A - 最適強度と放射線不透過性をもつステント - Google Patents
最適強度と放射線不透過性をもつステント Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 管構造は縦方向軸をもちまたステントは支柱部材の円周セットの複数を含む。支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いにずれておりまた縦方向に伸びるリンクにより互いに連結されている。支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖および円筒部分を形成する。さらに、支柱部材の各セットは連結された湾曲部と斜形部の複数を含む。支柱部材のセットはさらに、支柱部材の各先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットを含む。支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部は一つの中心と二つの先端を有する。支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部の少なくとも一つは、一斜形部の幅が斜形部の何れもの先端での幅より斜形部の中心でより広い幅のある先細り形状を含む。
【選択図】 図5
Description
et al社は図7にて支柱部材のすべての円周セットで幅を広げた斜形部のあるステンレススチールを公開している。
2.コバルトベースの合金L605のようなステンレスより放射線不透過性の若干高い金属
3.金のような高度放射線不透過性材で被覆またはメッキされたステント
4.タンタルとステンレスの交互層からなる多重層材
5.ここで説明される新規設計部材は以下を含む:
1.高度に放射線不透過性のある金属から形成されるステントの先細り支柱幅
縦方向斜形部の幅減少のみで支柱部材の円周セットの湾曲部上で先細りすることにより、半径方向強度を著しく損なわずに放射線不透過性を下げることになるが、半径方向強度を犠牲にせずにステント拡張でのひずみの大幅な減少レベルが達成できよう。これは、ステントが材料の同じひずみ限界内にとどまりながら支柱部材の均一幅のステントよりはるかに強度のあるステントになることから極めて重要である。
タンタル使用のステント設計の最適放射線不透過性は支柱部材の円周セットが均一幅で約0.0025インチの壁厚をもてることであろう。配置中に半径方向強度を上げまたステント先端のフレアリングの可能性を少なくするため、壁厚は0.003から0.035インチが極めて望ましい。均一幅の支柱部材セットでは、0.035インチの壁厚タンタルは血管造影撮影では明るすぎるだろう。配置ステントの半径方向強度に著しく影響せずに設計の放射線不透過性を下げる為に、本発明は何れかまたは両方について、可変ないし先細りの湾曲部と斜形部とを想定している。湾曲部は前述の如くひずみ減少のため先細り(先端に較べ中心で広い)にすべきである。縦方向斜形部は支柱部材の中心セットの放射線不透過性を下げるため先端よりも中心で薄くされる。
コバルト・タングステン合金L605はステンレスに較べより強いまたより高い放射線不透過性の金属である。支柱部材の均一幅のL605を用いて最適放射線不透過性を達成する為に、壁厚は0.0045に最適に等しいかそれ以上である。壁厚0.004以下のステントでかかる金属に最適放射線不透過性を与える為、本発明は支柱部材のセットでより幅広い斜形部を想定している。かくして、先細り斜形部は湾曲部より幅広くなる。ひずみ減少の為の先細り湾曲部はまたL605合金のステントには極めて望ましいであろう。
湾曲した冠状動脈へのステント移送性は、支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部が支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部長さに較べ長さを減少するときに向上する。斜形部のより短い長さはまたステントの拡張時の外向きフレアリングをも減少させる。配置されたステントの先端フレアリング減少は極端に薄い壁のステントにはとりわけ重要である。
ここで説明するステントは一般的に閉鎖セルのステントであり、縦方向に伸びるリンクで支柱部材の隣接セットに連結された支柱部材の中心セットの湾曲部をもつ。本発明の一実施例では、支柱部材の円周セットはステントの夫々の周辺長を増すために夫々が湾曲部の集合体をもつ波状縦方向連結リンクで接合される。本発明の一側面はステントの閉鎖セルの夫々の周辺長が最小で9mmであるべきということである。設計パラメータではステントの各セルは約3mm(即ち9/π−3mm)の円直径に拡張することを許容している。この特徴はステントの挿入される動脈の支脈の血流「再開通」を可能にする。プラーク脱出を防ぎまた支脈アクセスを許容する半径方向に強度のある理想的な設計は、支脈の血流再開通ができるように、最小9mm長さのセル周辺をもちながら0.005平方インチ未満の最大配置セル面積をもつだろう。支脈アクセスのための有効なセルは9mmと11mmの間(即ち2.86mmと3.5mmの拡張可能円直径)の周辺長を持つべきであろう。9.5と10mmの間のセル周辺長は最適である。
支柱部材の隣接円周セット間に強いブリッジ連結を与えるために、フレキシブル波状縦方向連結リンクは、フレキシブル波状縦方向連結リンクの接合点と支柱部材の隣接セットの湾曲部の間に引かれたラインの各側で、ほぼ等しい円周方向長さを持つべきである。連結リンクの“N”と逆さ“N”の形状は接合点を連結する各側で固有の等しい円周移動をもつ。特別に設計された本発明の“M”と“W”形状はまた望ましい特性を与える。フレキシブル波状縦方向連結リンクの接合点間に引かれたラインの何れの側でもほぼ等しい円周長はステントが動脈に配置されるときプラークが“M”または“W”形状リンクをステントの内腔内に押し込めることを防ぐ助けとなる。
NIROYALTM stentは金メッキの均一厚みがあり、これが支柱部材の先端セットの放射線不透過性に較べ中心の放射線不透過性を過剰に高めている。合衆国特許番号6,086,604でFischell et al社はステントが支柱部材の先端セットで金メッキするよう教示している。これは異種金属、即ち金とステンレスからの腐食の可能性をもたらす。本発明は、ステントの他の部分で薄い金皮膜にするため支柱部材の先端セットでは充分厚くする金メッキを想定している。この設計は一種金属であるステントのために外部表面を与えながら動脈内腔のくすみを防ぎ、かくして電解腐食を防止する。
非生体親和性または異種金属のステントには、本発明はステントの外部表面全体を被覆するためパリレンのようなポリマーの使用を想定している。これは生体親和性を向上させまた血栓減少のためのヘパリンまたはホスホリル基コリンのような有機化合物、またはセル膨張や再狭窄減少のためのタクソールまたはラパミチンのような薬品の付加を許容している。タングステンのような高度の放射線不透過性金属もポリマーに混入できることが知られている。放射線不透過性金属に混ぜられた可塑性材を含むステント被覆は放射線不透過性と生体親和性の両方を促進させる為用いることが出来る。かかるポリマー被覆はまた金被覆ステントにても有利であろう。
本発明はまたステントの型が薄壁の金属管に食刻される写真食刻法を用いる次世代製造技術を想定している。これらの技術はすでに如何なるステントの型の支柱幅も同様に多種の壁厚を作ることが出来る。本発明は最適放射線不透過性のステントをつくるためこれら技術を使用することを想定している。とりわけ、一種金属または合金から形成されたステントには、ステントの各先端でより厚い金属がステントの中心部に較べ放射線不透過性を高めることが出来る。多分、層の一つがタンタルのような高い放射線不透過性材料である場合は2ないし3層の管に多層厚食刻技術を使用することはより重要である。例えば、ステンレスの一層とタンタルの第2層をもつ2層管は、ステントの他の部分を0.003インチのステンレス層の付いた0.0005インチ未満のタンタルにして、支柱部材の先端セットは0.001インチのタンタルと0.0025インチのステンレスになるよう食刻することが出来る。また、支柱部材の先端セットのみにタンタルを用いることも想定している。かくして、均一壁厚のあるステントの先端で放射線不透過性の向上したステントの製造が可能となる。
Claims (15)
- 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸をもつ管状構造の形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体で、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離しまた支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、環状円筒形部分より成り、支柱部材の各セットは支柱部材の集合体より成り、各支柱部材は1斜形部に接合点で接する1湾曲部より成り、また
各フレキシブルリンクセットが支柱部材の集合体の二つを連結するフレキシブルリンクの集合体で、フレキシブルリンクの各セットは個々のフレキシブルリンクの集合体より成り、各個々のフレキシブルリンクはステントの縦方向軸に平行な縦方向に一般的に伸びる1個の波状構造でありまた個々のフレキシブルリンクは支柱部材の隣接セットに固定される2個の先端をもち、フレキシブルリンクの最小どれかの形状は各フレキシブルリンクが一般的に縦方向に伸びる最小5個の湾曲セグメントのある“M”と“W”リンクを含むグループから選択され、各フレキシブルリンクは支柱部材の1円周セットの湾曲部への近接接合点と支柱部材の第2円周セットの湾曲部への遠隔接合点をもち、各フレキシブルリンクはその個々のフレキシブルリンクの近接と遠隔接合点間に引かれたラインの各側で測られたものとほぼ同じの最大円周外延をもつ、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状構造の形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体よりなり、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離しまた支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分をなし、支柱部材の各セットは連結された湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットを含み、支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部は、支柱部材の中心セットの放射線不透過性に較べ支柱部材の先端セットの放射線不透過性を高めるために一般的に支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部より幅広となっている、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状構造の形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体で、支柱部材の各セットが縦方向に互いに分離しまた支柱部材の各セットがステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分を成し、各支柱部材が連結する湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットをもち、支柱部材の中心セットの湾曲部は支柱部材の先端セットの湾曲部より一般的に幅広であり、支柱部材の中心セット支柱部材の先端セットにほぼ見合いの半径方向強度を与えるため支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部は支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部の長さに較べより長い、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 支柱部材の中心セットの湾曲部の幅が支柱部材の先端セットの湾曲部の幅よりも最小0.0005インチ広い請求項3のステント。
- 支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部の長さが支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部の長さよりも最小0.001インチ長い請求項3のステント。
- 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状構造の形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体より成り、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離しまた1個以上の縦方向に伸びるリンクで連結され、支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分を成し、支柱部材の各セットは連結した湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの先端に位置する先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットを含み、支柱部材の先端セットは支柱部材の先端セットの放射線不透過性を増すために支柱部材の中心セットの壁厚よりも厚い壁厚をもつ、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状構造形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体より成り、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離されまた縦方向に伸びる1個以上のリンクで互いに連結され、支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分を成し、支柱部材の各セットは連結した湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの各先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットを含み、支柱部材の各セットは高度の放射線不透過性金属にて被覆され、支柱部材の先端セットは支柱部材の先端セットの放射線不透過性を増すために支柱部材の中心セット上の放射線不透過性被覆の薄い厚みに較べより高度の放射線不透過性被覆のより厚い壁厚をもつ、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 高度の放射線不透過性金属が金である請求項7のステント。
- 高度の放射線不透過性金属が可塑性材で被覆される請求項7のステント。
- 可塑性材被覆がパリレンである請求項7のステント。
- 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状形態でのステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体より成り、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離されまた縦方向に伸びる1個以上のリンクで互いに連結され、支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分を成し、支柱部材の各セットは湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの各先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する支柱部材の中心セットを含み、支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部は1個の中心と2個の先端を持ち、支柱部材の中心セットの斜形部の最小1個は、最小1個の斜形部の幅が斜形部の何れもの側の幅に較べ斜形部の中心で異なる先細り形状をもつ、
ことを特徴とするステント。 - 最小1個の斜形部の幅が斜形部の何れもの側での幅に較べ斜形部の中心でより狭くなる請求項11のステント。
- 最小1個の斜形部の幅が斜形部の先端の何れもの側での幅に較べ斜形部の中心でより広くなる請求項11のステント。
- 支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部が1個の中心と2個の先端を持ち、支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部の最小一つが斜形部の先端の何れもの側の幅に較べ斜形部の中心でより広い先細り形状をもつ請求項11のステント。
- 薄壁、マルチセル、縦方向軸のある管状構造の形態のステントにおいて、
支柱部材の円周セットの集合体より成り、支柱部材の各セットは縦方向に互いに分離されまた1個以上の縦方向に伸びるリンクで互いに連結され、支柱部材の各セットはステントの閉鎖、円筒形部分を成し、支柱部材の各セットは連結した湾曲部と斜形部の集合体より成り、支柱部材のセットはステントの先端に位置する支柱部材の先端セットと支柱部材の先端セット間に位置する中心セットを含み、支柱部材の先端セットの斜形部の最小1個は最小1個の斜形部の幅がその斜形部の先端のいずれの側の幅に較べ斜形部の中心でより広い幅の先細り形状をもつ、
ことを特徴とするステント。
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