US20130331926A1 - Stents With Radiopaque Markers - Google Patents
Stents With Radiopaque Markers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130331926A1 US20130331926A1 US13/963,997 US201313963997A US2013331926A1 US 20130331926 A1 US20130331926 A1 US 20130331926A1 US 201313963997 A US201313963997 A US 201313963997A US 2013331926 A1 US2013331926 A1 US 2013331926A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stent
- markers
- marker
- pattern
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/18—Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/844—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents folded prior to deployment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L31/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3966—Radiopaque markers visible in an X-ray image
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/9522—Means for mounting a stent or stent-graft onto or into a placement instrument
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91516—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other the meander having a change in frequency along the band
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91566—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected trough to trough
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91583—Adjacent bands being connected to each other by a bridge, whereby at least one of its ends is connected along the length of a strut between two consecutive apices within a band
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0004—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2230/0013—Horseshoe-shaped, e.g. crescent-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
- A61F2230/0054—V-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
- A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7542—Catheters
- B29L2031/7543—Balloon catheters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1034—Overedge bending of lamina about edges of sheetlike base
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49909—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli
- Y10T29/49913—Securing cup or tube between axially extending concentric annuli by constricting outer annulus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
- Y10T29/49927—Hollow body is axially joined cup or tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
- Y10T29/49927—Hollow body is axially joined cup or tube
- Y10T29/49929—Joined to rod
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49993—Filling of opening
Definitions
- This invention relates to implantable medical devices, such as stents.
- the invention relates to polymeric stents with radiopaque markers.
- This invention relates to radially expandable endoprostheses, which are adapted to be implanted in a bodily lumen.
- An “endoprosthesis” corresponds to an artificial device that is placed inside the body.
- a “lumen” refers to a cavity of a tubular organ such as a blood vessel.
- a stent is an example of such an endoprosthesis.
- Stents are generally cylindrically shaped devices, which function to hold open and sometimes expand a segment of a blood vessel or other anatomical lumen such as urinary tracts and bile ducts. Stents are often used in the treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis in blood vessels.
- Step refers to a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice.
- stents reinforce body vessels and prevent restenosis following angioplasty in the vascular system.
- Restenosis refers to the reoccurrence of stenosis in a blood vessel or heart valve after it has been treated (as by balloon angioplasty, stenting, or valvuloplasty) with apparent success.
- the structure of stents is typically composed of scaffolding that includes a pattern or network of interconnecting structural elements or struts.
- the scaffolding can be formed from wires, tubes, or sheets of material rolled into a cylindrical shape.
- a medicated stent may be fabricated by coating the surface of either a metallic or polymeric scaffolding with a polymeric carrier.
- the polymeric scaffolding may also serve as a carrier of an active agent or drug.
- the first step in treatment of a diseased site with a stent is locating a region that may require treatment such as a suspected lesion in a vessel, typically by obtaining an x-ray image of the vessel.
- a contrast agent which contains a radiopaque substance such as iodine is injected into a vessel.
- Radiopaque refers to the ability of a substance to absorb x-rays.
- the x-ray image depicts the lumen of the vessel from which a physician can identify a potential treatment region.
- the treatment then involves both delivery and deployment of the stent.
- Delivery refers to introducing and transporting the stent through a bodily lumen to a region in a vessel that requires treatment.
- “Deployment” corresponds to the expanding of the stent within the lumen at the treatment region. Delivery and deployment of a stent are accomplished by positioning the stent about one end of a catheter, inserting the end of the catheter through the skin into a bodily lumen, advancing the catheter in the bodily lumen to a desired treatment location, expanding the stent at the treatment location, and removing the catheter from the lumen.
- the stent is mounted about a balloon disposed on the catheter. Mounting the stent typically involves compressing or crimping the stent onto the balloon. The stent is then expanded by inflating the balloon. The balloon may then be deflated and the catheter withdrawn.
- the stent may be secured to the catheter via a retractable sheath or a sock.
- the sheath may be withdrawn allowing the stent to self-expand.
- the stent must be able to simultaneously satisfy a number of mechanical requirements.
- the stent must be capable of withstanding the structural loads, namely radial compressive forces, imposed on the stent as it supports the walls of a vessel lumen.
- the stent should be longitudinally flexible to allow it to be maneuvered through a tortuous vascular path and to enable it to conform to a deployment site that may not be linear or may be subject to flexure.
- the material from which the stent is constructed must allow the stent to undergo expansion, which typically requires substantial deformation of localized portions of the stent's structure.
- the stent Once expanded, the stent must maintain its size and shape throughout its service life despite the various forces that may come to bear thereon, including the cyclic loading induced by the beating heart. Finally, the stent must be biocompatible so as not to trigger any adverse vascular responses.
- a stent In addition to meeting the mechanical requirements described above, it is desirable for a stent to be radiopaque, or fluoroscopically visible under x-rays. Accurate stent placement is facilitated by real time visualization of the delivery of a stent. A cardiologist or interventional radiologist can track the delivery catheter through the patient's vasculature and precisely place the stent at the site of a lesion. This is typically accomplished by fluoroscopy or similar x-ray visualization procedures. For a stent to be fluoroscopically visible it must be more absorptive of x-rays than the surrounding tissue. Radiopaque materials in a stent may allow for its direct visualization.
- stents fabricated from biodegradable, bioabsorbable, and/or bioerodable materials may be configured to meet this additional clinical requirement since they may be designed to completely erode after the clinical need for them has ended.
- Stents fabricated from biodegradable polymers are particularly promising, in part because they may be designed to completely erode within a desired time frame.
- biodegradable polymers and polymers generally composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
- they are radiolucent with no radiopacity.
- Biodegradable polymers tend to have x-ray absorption similar to body tissue.
- radiopaque markers allow the position of the stent to be monitored since the markers are can be imaged by X-ray imaging techniques.
- the ability to monitor or detect a stent visually is limited by the visibility of the markers.
- Various embodiments of the present invention include a stent comprising radiopaque markers disposed on or within the stent, wherein the radiopaque markers are arranged longitudinally along an axis of the stent.
- Additional embodiments of the present invention include a stent comprising a plurality of radiopaque markers disposed on or within on the stent, wherein the plurality of radiopaque markers are selectively arranged in a region of the stent to enhance the visibility of the stent with an imaging technique.
- FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary stent.
- FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a radiopaque marker and a section of a structural element of a stent with a depot for receiving the marker.
- FIG. 3 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers at proximal and distal ends.
- FIG. 4 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged longitudinally along the cylindrical axis.
- FIG. 5 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in two longitudinally patterns along the cylindrical axis.
- FIG. 6 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in circumferential patterns.
- FIG. 7 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in a diagonal pattern.
- FIG. 8 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in circumferential patterns and longitudinal patterns.
- FIG. 9 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers selectively arranged in the proximal and distal regions of a stent.
- the present invention may be applied to stents and, more generally, implantable medical devices such as, but not limited to, self-expandable stents, balloon-expandable stents, stent-grafts, vascular grafts, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, pacemaker leads, closure devices for patent foramen ovale, and synthetic heart valves.
- implantable medical devices such as, but not limited to, self-expandable stents, balloon-expandable stents, stent-grafts, vascular grafts, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, pacemaker leads, closure devices for patent foramen ovale, and synthetic heart valves.
- a stent can have virtually any structural pattern that is compatible with a bodily lumen in which it is implanted.
- a stent is composed of a pattern or network of circumferential and longitudinally extending interconnecting structural elements or struts.
- the struts are arranged in patterns, which are designed to contact the lumen walls of a vessel and to maintain vascular patency.
- a myriad of strut patterns are known in the art for achieving particular design goals.
- a few of the more important design characteristics of stents are radial or hoop strength, expansion ratio or coverage area, and longitudinal flexibility.
- the present invention is applicable to virtually any stent design and is, therefore, not limited to any particular stent design or pattern.
- One embodiment of a stent pattern may include cylindrical rings composed of struts. The cylindrical rings may be connected by connecting struts.
- a stent of the present invention may be formed from a tube by laser cutting the pattern of struts in the tube.
- the stent may also be formed by laser cutting a polymeric sheet, rolling the pattern into the shape of the cylindrical stent, and providing a longitudinal weld to form the stent.
- Other methods of forming stents are well known and include chemically etching a polymeric sheet and rolling and then welding it to form the stent.
- a polymeric wire may also be coiled to form the stent.
- the stent may be formed by injection molding of a thermoplastic or reaction injection molding of a thermoset polymeric material. Filaments of the compounded polymer may be extruded or melt spun.
- filaments can then be cut, formed into ring elements, welded closed, corrugated to form crowns, and then the crowns welded together by heat or solvent to form the stent.
- hoops or rings may be cut from tubing stock, the tube elements stamped to form crowns, and the crowns connected by welding or laser fusion to form the stent.
- FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary stent 100 with struts 110 that form cylindrical rings 115 which are connected by linking struts 120 .
- the cross-section of the struts in stent 100 are rectangular-shaped.
- the cross-section of struts is not limited to what has been illustrated, and therefore, other cross-sectional shapes are applicable with embodiments of the present invention.
- the pattern should not be limited to what has been illustrated as other stent patterns are easily applicable with embodiments of the present invention.
- a stent can be made of a biostable and/or biodegradable polymer.
- a stent made from a biodegradable polymer is intended to remain in the body for a duration of time until its intended function of, for example, maintaining vascular patency and/or drug delivery is accomplished. After the process of degradation, erosion, absorption, and/or resorption has been completed, no portion of the biodegradable stent, or a biodegradable portion of the stent will remain. In some embodiments, very negligible traces or residue may be left behind.
- the duration can be in a range from about a month to a few years. However, the duration is typically in a range from about one month to twelve months, or in some embodiments, six to twelve months.
- the stent It is important for the stent to provide mechanical support to a vessel for at least a portion of the duration.
- Many biodegradable polymers have erosion rates that make them suitable for treatments that require the presence of a device in a vessel for the above-mentioned time-frames.
- Various embodiments of the present invention include stents with markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged on the stent in a manner that facilitates visualization of the stent.
- markers can be used in embodiments of the present invention.
- Representative types of markers include constructs made of a radiopaque material that is disposed within depots or holes in a stent.
- the construct can be, but is not limited to a pellet, bead, or slug.
- the depot or hole can be made to accommodate the shape of the marker.
- the depot may be formed in a structural element by laser machining.
- the depot may extend partially or completely through the portion of the stent.
- an opening of a depot may be on an abluminal or luminal surface and extend partially through the stent or completely through to an opposing surface.
- the markers may be sufficiently radiopaque for imaging the stent.
- embodiments of the stents with markers should be biocompatible and should not interfere with treatment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a spherical marker 150 and a section 155 of a structural element of a stent with a cylindrical depot 160 .
- Depot 160 accommodates the shape of spherical marker 150 so that is can be positioned within depot 160 .
- Markers can be attached or coupled to a stent using various techniques, including, but not limited to, gluing, welding, or through an interference fit.
- the markers and manner of positioning on the stent are merely representative. Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the type of marker or the manner of attachment or coupling to the stent. The present invention applies to markers that can be attached or coupled in, on, or around a stent at a specific locations or positions on the stent structure or geometry.
- a larger marker can result in an undesirably large profile of the stent which can interfere with the flow of blood in a vessel. Complications such as thrombosis can result from the disturbed blood flow. Additionally, a larger marker disposed in a structural element can negatively affect its structural integrity.
- Embodiments of the present invention are directed to positioning or arranging markers on a stent to facilitate detection or monitoring the position of the stent.
- the markers can be arranged in a geometrical pattern that facilitates visualization of the stent.
- FIG. 3 depicts a stent pattern 180 in a flattened condition showing an abluminal or luminal surface so that the pattern can be clearly viewed.
- the flattened portion of stent pattern 180 When the flattened portion of stent pattern 180 is in a cylindrical condition, it forms a radially expandable stent.
- Line A-A corresponds to the longitudinal axis of a stent made from stent pattern 180 and line B-B corresponds to the circumferential direction of a stent made from stent pattern 180 .
- Stent pattern 180 includes cylindrically aligned rings 185 and linking structural elements 190 .
- Structural elements at a proximal end 205 and distal end 210 of stent pattern 180 include depots with pairs of radiopaque markers 195 and 200 , respectively, disposed within the depots. As shown FIG. 3 , the structural elements are thicker in the vicinity of markers 195 and 200 to compensate for the presence of the depots.
- a physician can monitor the position of the stent due to the presence of the radiopaque markers which are visible using X-ray imaging. Since markers are located at the distal and proximal ends of the stent, the positions of the markers allow the physician to locate the ends of the stent. However, the small size of the markers can make it difficult to visually detect the individual markers. As indicated above, the size of markers is limited by a desired profile of the stent and structural integrity of structural elements. Since the markers are separated by the length of the stent, locating the ends of the stent can be difficult.
- Various embodiments of the present invention include a stent having radiopaque markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged in a region in a manner that enhances or facilitates visualization of the stent.
- Radiopaque markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged in particular region(s) have greater visibility than one or two localized markers and can substantially enhance the visibility of a stent.
- FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary stent pattern 220 of the present invention.
- Stent pattern 220 is the same as pattern 180 in FIG. 3 except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.
- Stent pattern 220 includes radiopaque markers 225 which are arranged longitudinally along the cylindrical axis of stent pattern 220 .
- Radiopaque markers 225 can be placed in or on any portion of the structural elements of stent pattern 220 , as long as the mechanical integrity of the structural element is not undesirably compromised.
- radiopaque markers 220 are located in the “spider regions,” which are relatively low strain regions of stent pattern 220 . Such a pattern is substantially more visible than one or two markers localized at either end of the stent, as depicted in FIG. 3 .
- the longitudinal pattern of markers 225 extends from a proximal end 230 to a distal end 235 of stent pattern 220 . In some embodiments, the pattern does not extend all the way between the proximal end and distal end. A portion between the proximal and distal ends can be devoid of markers.
- FIG. 5 depicts another exemplary stent pattern 250 of the present invention that is the same as the stent patterns of FIGS. 3 and 4 except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.
- Stent pattern 250 includes a longitudinal pattern 255 of markers 265 and another longitudinal pattern 260 of markers 270 at a different circumferential position.
- Marker patterns 255 and 260 are separated by a circumferential distance or arc D. D can be between 0° and 45°, 45° and 90°, 90° and 135°, and between 135 and 180°.
- FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary stent pattern 280 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.
- Stent pattern 280 includes three circumferential marker patterns: a marker pattern 285 with markers 287 at a proximal end 300 , a marker pattern 290 with markers 292 at a distal end 305 , and a marker pattern 295 with markers 297 between proximal end 300 and distal end 305 .
- These marker patterns substantially enhance the visibility of the ends of the stent as compared to one or two markers at the ends, such as that illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- Each of the circumferential patterns extends all the way around the circumference of a stent made from stent pattern 280 and is positioned at a single axial position.
- the circumferential patterns can extend partially around the circumference.
- Circumferential patterns can also extend diagonally around the circumference so that the marker pattern is not a single axial position.
- FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary stent pattern 320 that has a diagonal marker pattern with markers 325 extending between a proximal end 330 to a distal end 335 .
- a stent can include both longitudinal and circumferential marker patters.
- FIG. 8 depicts an exemplary stent pattern 350 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.
- Stent pattern 350 includes two circumferential marker patterns, 355 and 360 , and two longitudinal marker patterns, 365 and 370 .
- Marker patterns 355 and 360 are at proximal end 375 and 380 . Such a combination of patterns enhances the visibility of both the ends of the stent as well as the longitudinal extent of the stent.
- a plurality of radiopaque markers can be selectively arranged in a region of the stent to enhance the visibility of the stent with an imaging technique.
- the markers can be selectively arranged at a proximal region, distal region, or both.
- FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary stent pattern 400 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.
- Stent pattern 400 includes a group of markers 405 arranged at a proximal end 415 and a group of markers 410 arranged at a distal end 420 .
- the groups of markers tend to increase the visibility of the respective ends of the stent as compared to the markers is FIG. 3 .
- the individual markers can be selected and coupled in a way that there is little or no negative effect on the structural integrity of the stent and also with a relatively low profile.
- a stent may have regions with a lower strain than other higher strain regions when the stent is placed under an applied stress during use.
- a depot for a radiopaque marker may be selectively positioned in a region of lower strain.
- the selected region of the structural element may be modified to have a higher mass or thickness than a region of lower strain without a marker so as to maintain the load-bearing capability of the region and to inhibit decoupling of the marker from the stent.
- the markers may be coupled to any desired location on a stent.
- markers can be placed only at the distal and proximal ends of the stent.
- a stent may include a biostable and/or a biodegradable polymer.
- the biodegradable polymer may be a pure or substantially pure biodegradable polymer.
- the biodegradable polymer may be a mixture of at least two types of biodegradable polymers.
- the stent may be configured to completely erode away once its function is fulfilled.
- the marker may be biodegradable. It may be desirable for the marker to degrade at the same or substantially the same rate as the stent. For instance, the marker may be configured to completely or almost completely erode at the same time or approximately the same time as the stent. In other embodiments, the marker may degrade at a faster rate than the stent. In this case, the marker may completely or almost completely erode before the body of the stent is completely eroded.
- a radiopaque marker may be composed of a biodegradable and/or biostable metal.
- Biodegradable or bioerodable metals tend to erode or corrode relatively rapidly when exposed to bodily fluids.
- Biostable metals refer to metals that are not biodegradable or bioerodable or have negligible erosion or corrosion rates when exposed to bodily fluids.
- a biocompatible biodegradable metal forms erosion products that do not negatively impact bodily functions.
- a radiopaque marker may be composed of a pure or substantially pure biodegradable metal.
- the marker may be a mixture or alloy of at least two types of metals.
- biodegradable metals for use in a marker may include, but are not limited to, magnesium, zinc, tungsten, and iron.
- Representative mixtures or alloys may include magnesium/zinc, magnesium/iron, zinc/iron, and magnesium/zinc/iron.
- Radiopaque compounds such as iodine salts, bismuth salts, or barium salts may be compounded into the metallic biodegradable marker to further enhance the radiopacity.
- biostable metals can include, but are not limited to, platinum and gold.
- the composition of the marker may be modified or tuned to obtain a desired erosion rate and/or degree of radiopacity.
- the erosion rate of the marker may be increased by increasing the fraction of a faster eroding component in an alloy.
- the degree of radiopacity may be increased by increasing the fraction of a more radiopaque metal, such as iron, in an alloy.
- a biodegradable marker may be completely eroded when exposed to bodily fluids, such as blood, between about a week and about three months, or more narrowly, between about one month and about two months.
- a radiopaque marker may be a mixture of a biodegradable polymer and a radiopaque material.
- a radiopaque material may be biodegradable and/or bioabsorbable.
- Representative radiopaque materials may include, but are not limited to, biodegradable metallic particles and particles of biodegradable metallic compounds such as biodegradable metallic oxides, biocompatible metallic salts, gadolinium salts, and iodinated contrast agents.
- the radiopacity of the marker may be increased by increasing the composition of the radiopaque material in the marker.
- the radiopaque material may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- the biodegradable polymer in the marker may be a pure or substantially pure biodegradable polymer.
- the biodegradable polymer may be a mixture of at least two types of biodegradable polymers.
- the composition of the biodegradable polymer may be modified to alter the erosion rate of the marker since different biodegradable polymers have different erosion rates.
- a biocompatible metallic salt refers to a salt that may be safely absorbed by a body.
- Representative biocompatible metallic salts that may used in a marker include, but are not limited to, ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous chloride, ferrous fumarate, ferrous iodide, ferrous lactate, ferrous succinate, barium sulfate, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth potassium tartrate, bismuth sodium iodide, bismuth sodium tartrate, bismuth sodium triglycollamate, bismuth subsalicylate, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc citrate, zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc lactate, zinc phosphate, zinc salicylate, zinc stearate, zinc sulfate, and combinations thereof.
- the concentration of the metallic salt in the marker may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- representative iodinated contrast agents may include, but are not limited to acetriozate, diatriozate, iodimide, ioglicate, iothalamate, ioxithalamate, selectan, uroselectan, diodone, metrizoate, metrizamide, iohexol, ioxaglate, iodixanol, lipidial, ethiodol, and combinations thereof.
- concentration of an iodinated contrast agent in the marker may be between 5% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- the composition of metallic particles may include at least those biodegradable metals discussed above as well as metallic compounds such as oxides.
- concentration of metallic particles in the marker may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- individual metallic particles may be a pure or substantially pure metal or a metal compound.
- individual metallic particles may be a mixture of at least two types of metals or metallic compounds.
- Individual metallic particles may also be a mixture or an alloy composed of at least two types of metals.
- the metallic particles may be metallic nanoparticles.
- a “nanoparticle” refers to a particle with a dimension in the range of about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
- a significant advantage of nanoparticles over larger particles is that nanoparticles may disperse more uniformly in a polymeric matrix, which results in more uniform properties such as radiopacity and erosion rate. Additionally, nanoparticles may be more easily absorbed by bodily fluids such as blood without negative impact to bodily functions.
- Representative examples of metallic particles may include, but are not limited to, iron, magnesium, zinc, platinum, gold, tungsten, and oxides of such metals.
- composition of different types of metallic particles in the mixture as well as the composition of individual particles may be modified to alter erosion rates and/or radiopacity of the marker.
- the ratio of polymer to metallic particles may be modified to alter both the erosion rate, and radiopacity.
- a marker may be fabricated by methods including, but not limited to, molding, machining, assembly, or a combination thereof. All or part of a metallic or polymeric marker may be fabricated in a mold or machined by a method such as laser machining.
- polymers can be biostable, bioabsorbable, biodegradable, or bioerodable.
- Biostable refers to polymers that are not biodegradable.
- biodegradable, bioabsorbable, and bioerodable, as well as degraded, eroded, and absorbed are used interchangeably and refer to polymers that are capable of being completely eroded or absorbed when exposed to bodily fluids such as blood and can be gradually resorbed, absorbed and/or eliminated by the body.
- Biodegradation refers generally to changes in physical and chemical properties that occur in a polymer upon exposure to bodily fluids as in a vascular environment.
- the changes in properties may include a decrease in molecular weight, deterioration of mechanical properties, and decrease in mass due to erosion or absorption.
- Mechanical properties may correspond to strength and modulus of the polymer. Deterioration of the mechanical properties of the polymer decreases the ability of a stent, for example, to provide mechanical support in a vessel.
- the decrease in molecular weight may be caused by, for example, hydrolysis, oxidation, enzymolysis, and/or metabolic processes.
- PEO/PLA polyphosphazenes
- biomolecules such as fibrin, fibrinogen, cellulose, starch, collagen, and hyaluronic acid
- polyurethanes silicones
- polyesters polyolefins, polyisobutylene and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers
- acrylic polymers and copolymers vinyl halide polymers and copolymers (such as polyvinyl chloride), polyvinyl ethers (such as polyvinyl methyl ether), polyvinylidene halides (such as polyvinylidene chloride), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl aromatics (such as polystyrene), polyvinyl esters (such as polyvinyl acetate), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, ABS resins, polyamides (such as Nylon 66 and polycaprolactam), polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, polyethers,
- polymers that may be especially well suited for use in fabricating embodiments of implantable medical devices disclosed herein include ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (commonly known by the generic name EVOH or by the trade name EVAL), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (e.g., SOLEF 21508, available from Solvay Solexis PVDF, Thorofare, N.J.), polyvinylidene fluoride (otherwise known as KYNAR, available from ATOFINA Chemicals, Philadelphia, Pa.), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), styrene-isobutylene-styrene triblock copolymers, and polyethylene glycol.
- EVAL ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
- poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene)
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Various embodiments of stents with radiopaque markers arranged in patterns are described herein.
Description
- This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/796,226, filed on Apr. 26, 2007 which in turned claims benefit of provisional application No. 60/809,088, filed on May 26, 2006, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to implantable medical devices, such as stents. In particular, the invention relates to polymeric stents with radiopaque markers.
- 2. Description of the State of the Art
- This invention relates to radially expandable endoprostheses, which are adapted to be implanted in a bodily lumen. An “endoprosthesis” corresponds to an artificial device that is placed inside the body. A “lumen” refers to a cavity of a tubular organ such as a blood vessel. A stent is an example of such an endoprosthesis. Stents are generally cylindrically shaped devices, which function to hold open and sometimes expand a segment of a blood vessel or other anatomical lumen such as urinary tracts and bile ducts. Stents are often used in the treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis in blood vessels. “Stenosis” refers to a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice. In such treatments, stents reinforce body vessels and prevent restenosis following angioplasty in the vascular system. “Restenosis” refers to the reoccurrence of stenosis in a blood vessel or heart valve after it has been treated (as by balloon angioplasty, stenting, or valvuloplasty) with apparent success.
- The structure of stents is typically composed of scaffolding that includes a pattern or network of interconnecting structural elements or struts. The scaffolding can be formed from wires, tubes, or sheets of material rolled into a cylindrical shape. In addition, a medicated stent may be fabricated by coating the surface of either a metallic or polymeric scaffolding with a polymeric carrier. The polymeric scaffolding may also serve as a carrier of an active agent or drug.
- The first step in treatment of a diseased site with a stent is locating a region that may require treatment such as a suspected lesion in a vessel, typically by obtaining an x-ray image of the vessel. To obtain an image, a contrast agent, which contains a radiopaque substance such as iodine is injected into a vessel. “Radiopaque” refers to the ability of a substance to absorb x-rays. The x-ray image depicts the lumen of the vessel from which a physician can identify a potential treatment region. The treatment then involves both delivery and deployment of the stent. “Delivery” refers to introducing and transporting the stent through a bodily lumen to a region in a vessel that requires treatment. “Deployment” corresponds to the expanding of the stent within the lumen at the treatment region. Delivery and deployment of a stent are accomplished by positioning the stent about one end of a catheter, inserting the end of the catheter through the skin into a bodily lumen, advancing the catheter in the bodily lumen to a desired treatment location, expanding the stent at the treatment location, and removing the catheter from the lumen. In the case of a balloon expandable stent, the stent is mounted about a balloon disposed on the catheter. Mounting the stent typically involves compressing or crimping the stent onto the balloon. The stent is then expanded by inflating the balloon. The balloon may then be deflated and the catheter withdrawn. In the case of a self-expanding stent, the stent may be secured to the catheter via a retractable sheath or a sock. When the stent is in a desired bodily location, the sheath may be withdrawn allowing the stent to self-expand.
- The stent must be able to simultaneously satisfy a number of mechanical requirements. First, the stent must be capable of withstanding the structural loads, namely radial compressive forces, imposed on the stent as it supports the walls of a vessel lumen. In addition to having adequate radial strength or more accurately, hoop strength, the stent should be longitudinally flexible to allow it to be maneuvered through a tortuous vascular path and to enable it to conform to a deployment site that may not be linear or may be subject to flexure. The material from which the stent is constructed must allow the stent to undergo expansion, which typically requires substantial deformation of localized portions of the stent's structure. Once expanded, the stent must maintain its size and shape throughout its service life despite the various forces that may come to bear thereon, including the cyclic loading induced by the beating heart. Finally, the stent must be biocompatible so as not to trigger any adverse vascular responses.
- In addition to meeting the mechanical requirements described above, it is desirable for a stent to be radiopaque, or fluoroscopically visible under x-rays. Accurate stent placement is facilitated by real time visualization of the delivery of a stent. A cardiologist or interventional radiologist can track the delivery catheter through the patient's vasculature and precisely place the stent at the site of a lesion. This is typically accomplished by fluoroscopy or similar x-ray visualization procedures. For a stent to be fluoroscopically visible it must be more absorptive of x-rays than the surrounding tissue. Radiopaque materials in a stent may allow for its direct visualization.
- In many treatment applications, the presence of a stent in a body may be necessary for a limited period of time until its intended function of, for example, maintaining vascular patency and/or drug delivery is accomplished. Therefore, stents fabricated from biodegradable, bioabsorbable, and/or bioerodable materials may be configured to meet this additional clinical requirement since they may be designed to completely erode after the clinical need for them has ended. Stents fabricated from biodegradable polymers are particularly promising, in part because they may be designed to completely erode within a desired time frame.
- However, a significant shortcoming of biodegradable polymers (and polymers generally composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) is that they are radiolucent with no radiopacity. Biodegradable polymers tend to have x-ray absorption similar to body tissue.
- One way of addressing this problem is to attach or couple radiopaque markers to a stent. The radiopaque markers allow the position of the stent to be monitored since the markers are can be imaged by X-ray imaging techniques. The ability to monitor or detect a stent visually is limited by the visibility of the markers.
- Various embodiments of the present invention include a stent comprising radiopaque markers disposed on or within the stent, wherein the radiopaque markers are arranged longitudinally along an axis of the stent.
- Further embodiments of the present invention include a stent comprising radiopaque markers disposed on or within the stent, wherein the radiopaque markers are arranged in a pattern along the circumference of the stent.
- Additional embodiments of the present invention include a stent comprising a plurality of radiopaque markers disposed on or within on the stent, wherein the plurality of radiopaque markers are selectively arranged in a region of the stent to enhance the visibility of the stent with an imaging technique.
-
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary stent. -
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a radiopaque marker and a section of a structural element of a stent with a depot for receiving the marker. -
FIG. 3 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers at proximal and distal ends. -
FIG. 4 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged longitudinally along the cylindrical axis. -
FIG. 5 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in two longitudinally patterns along the cylindrical axis. -
FIG. 6 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in circumferential patterns. -
FIG. 7 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in a diagonal pattern. -
FIG. 8 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers arranged in circumferential patterns and longitudinal patterns. -
FIG. 9 depicts a stent pattern with radiopaque markers selectively arranged in the proximal and distal regions of a stent. - The present invention may be applied to stents and, more generally, implantable medical devices such as, but not limited to, self-expandable stents, balloon-expandable stents, stent-grafts, vascular grafts, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, pacemaker leads, closure devices for patent foramen ovale, and synthetic heart valves.
- A stent can have virtually any structural pattern that is compatible with a bodily lumen in which it is implanted. Typically, a stent is composed of a pattern or network of circumferential and longitudinally extending interconnecting structural elements or struts. In general, the struts are arranged in patterns, which are designed to contact the lumen walls of a vessel and to maintain vascular patency. A myriad of strut patterns are known in the art for achieving particular design goals. A few of the more important design characteristics of stents are radial or hoop strength, expansion ratio or coverage area, and longitudinal flexibility. The present invention is applicable to virtually any stent design and is, therefore, not limited to any particular stent design or pattern. One embodiment of a stent pattern may include cylindrical rings composed of struts. The cylindrical rings may be connected by connecting struts.
- In some embodiments, a stent of the present invention may be formed from a tube by laser cutting the pattern of struts in the tube. The stent may also be formed by laser cutting a polymeric sheet, rolling the pattern into the shape of the cylindrical stent, and providing a longitudinal weld to form the stent. Other methods of forming stents are well known and include chemically etching a polymeric sheet and rolling and then welding it to form the stent. A polymeric wire may also be coiled to form the stent. The stent may be formed by injection molding of a thermoplastic or reaction injection molding of a thermoset polymeric material. Filaments of the compounded polymer may be extruded or melt spun. These filaments can then be cut, formed into ring elements, welded closed, corrugated to form crowns, and then the crowns welded together by heat or solvent to form the stent. Lastly, hoops or rings may be cut from tubing stock, the tube elements stamped to form crowns, and the crowns connected by welding or laser fusion to form the stent.
-
FIG. 1 depicts anexemplary stent 100 withstruts 110 that formcylindrical rings 115 which are connected by linkingstruts 120. The cross-section of the struts instent 100 are rectangular-shaped. The cross-section of struts is not limited to what has been illustrated, and therefore, other cross-sectional shapes are applicable with embodiments of the present invention. The pattern should not be limited to what has been illustrated as other stent patterns are easily applicable with embodiments of the present invention. - A stent can be made of a biostable and/or biodegradable polymer. As indicated above, a stent made from a biodegradable polymer is intended to remain in the body for a duration of time until its intended function of, for example, maintaining vascular patency and/or drug delivery is accomplished. After the process of degradation, erosion, absorption, and/or resorption has been completed, no portion of the biodegradable stent, or a biodegradable portion of the stent will remain. In some embodiments, very negligible traces or residue may be left behind. The duration can be in a range from about a month to a few years. However, the duration is typically in a range from about one month to twelve months, or in some embodiments, six to twelve months. It is important for the stent to provide mechanical support to a vessel for at least a portion of the duration. Many biodegradable polymers have erosion rates that make them suitable for treatments that require the presence of a device in a vessel for the above-mentioned time-frames.
- As indicated above, it is desirable to have the capability of obtaining images of polymeric stents with x-ray fluoroscopy during and after implantation. Various embodiments of the present invention include stents with markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged on the stent in a manner that facilitates visualization of the stent.
- Various types of markers can be used in embodiments of the present invention. Representative types of markers include constructs made of a radiopaque material that is disposed within depots or holes in a stent. The construct can be, but is not limited to a pellet, bead, or slug. The depot or hole can be made to accommodate the shape of the marker. In an embodiment, the depot may be formed in a structural element by laser machining. The depot may extend partially or completely through the portion of the stent. For example, an opening of a depot may be on an abluminal or luminal surface and extend partially through the stent or completely through to an opposing surface. The markers may be sufficiently radiopaque for imaging the stent. In addition, embodiments of the stents with markers should be biocompatible and should not interfere with treatment.
-
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of aspherical marker 150 and asection 155 of a structural element of a stent with acylindrical depot 160.Depot 160 accommodates the shape ofspherical marker 150 so that is can be positioned withindepot 160. Markers can be attached or coupled to a stent using various techniques, including, but not limited to, gluing, welding, or through an interference fit. - The markers and manner of positioning on the stent are merely representative. Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the type of marker or the manner of attachment or coupling to the stent. The present invention applies to markers that can be attached or coupled in, on, or around a stent at a specific locations or positions on the stent structure or geometry.
- In general, increasing the size of a marker enhances the visibility of a stent. However, increasing the size of a marker can have disadvantages. For example, a larger marker can result in an undesirably large profile of the stent which can interfere with the flow of blood in a vessel. Complications such as thrombosis can result from the disturbed blood flow. Additionally, a larger marker disposed in a structural element can negatively affect its structural integrity.
- Embodiments of the present invention are directed to positioning or arranging markers on a stent to facilitate detection or monitoring the position of the stent. In certain embodiments, the markers can be arranged in a geometrical pattern that facilitates visualization of the stent.
-
FIG. 3 depicts astent pattern 180 in a flattened condition showing an abluminal or luminal surface so that the pattern can be clearly viewed. When the flattened portion ofstent pattern 180 is in a cylindrical condition, it forms a radially expandable stent. Line A-A corresponds to the longitudinal axis of a stent made fromstent pattern 180 and line B-B corresponds to the circumferential direction of a stent made fromstent pattern 180. -
Stent pattern 180 includes cylindrically alignedrings 185 and linkingstructural elements 190. Structural elements at aproximal end 205 anddistal end 210 ofstent pattern 180 include depots with pairs ofradiopaque markers FIG. 3 , the structural elements are thicker in the vicinity ofmarkers - A physician can monitor the position of the stent due to the presence of the radiopaque markers which are visible using X-ray imaging. Since markers are located at the distal and proximal ends of the stent, the positions of the markers allow the physician to locate the ends of the stent. However, the small size of the markers can make it difficult to visually detect the individual markers. As indicated above, the size of markers is limited by a desired profile of the stent and structural integrity of structural elements. Since the markers are separated by the length of the stent, locating the ends of the stent can be difficult.
- Various embodiments of the present invention include a stent having radiopaque markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged in a region in a manner that enhances or facilitates visualization of the stent. Radiopaque markers arranged in patterns or selectively arranged in particular region(s) have greater visibility than one or two localized markers and can substantially enhance the visibility of a stent.
-
FIG. 4 depicts anexemplary stent pattern 220 of the present invention.Stent pattern 220 is the same aspattern 180 inFIG. 3 except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.Stent pattern 220 includesradiopaque markers 225 which are arranged longitudinally along the cylindrical axis ofstent pattern 220.Radiopaque markers 225 can be placed in or on any portion of the structural elements ofstent pattern 220, as long as the mechanical integrity of the structural element is not undesirably compromised. As shown inFIG. 4 ,radiopaque markers 220 are located in the “spider regions,” which are relatively low strain regions ofstent pattern 220. Such a pattern is substantially more visible than one or two markers localized at either end of the stent, as depicted inFIG. 3 . - The longitudinal pattern of
markers 225 extends from aproximal end 230 to adistal end 235 ofstent pattern 220. In some embodiments, the pattern does not extend all the way between the proximal end and distal end. A portion between the proximal and distal ends can be devoid of markers. - In other embodiments, the visibility of the stent can be further enhanced by including additional marker patterns. For example,
FIG. 5 depicts anotherexemplary stent pattern 250 of the present invention that is the same as the stent patterns ofFIGS. 3 and 4 except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.Stent pattern 250 includes alongitudinal pattern 255 ofmarkers 265 and anotherlongitudinal pattern 260 ofmarkers 270 at a different circumferential position.Marker patterns - Further embodiments can include marker patterns along at least a portion of the circumference. Such marker patterns can include, but are not limited to, a circular pattern, diagonal pattern, or a spiral pattern.
FIG. 6 depicts anotherexemplary stent pattern 280 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.Stent pattern 280 includes three circumferential marker patterns: amarker pattern 285 withmarkers 287 at aproximal end 300, amarker pattern 290 withmarkers 292 at adistal end 305, and amarker pattern 295 withmarkers 297 betweenproximal end 300 anddistal end 305. These marker patterns substantially enhance the visibility of the ends of the stent as compared to one or two markers at the ends, such as that illustrated inFIG. 3 . - Each of the circumferential patterns extends all the way around the circumference of a stent made from
stent pattern 280 and is positioned at a single axial position. Alternatively, the circumferential patterns can extend partially around the circumference. Circumferential patterns can also extend diagonally around the circumference so that the marker pattern is not a single axial position. For example,FIG. 7 depicts anexemplary stent pattern 320 that has a diagonal marker pattern withmarkers 325 extending between aproximal end 330 to adistal end 335. - In some embodiments, a stent can include both longitudinal and circumferential marker patters.
FIG. 8 depicts anexemplary stent pattern 350 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.Stent pattern 350 includes two circumferential marker patterns, 355 and 360, and two longitudinal marker patterns, 365 and 370.Marker patterns proximal end - In certain embodiments, a plurality of radiopaque markers can be selectively arranged in a region of the stent to enhance the visibility of the stent with an imaging technique. For example, the markers can be selectively arranged at a proximal region, distal region, or both.
FIG. 9 depicts anexemplary stent pattern 400 of the present invention that is the same as the previous stent patterns except for the number and arrangement of radiopaque markers.Stent pattern 400 includes a group ofmarkers 405 arranged at aproximal end 415 and a group ofmarkers 410 arranged at adistal end 420. The groups of markers tend to increase the visibility of the respective ends of the stent as compared to the markers isFIG. 3 . The individual markers can be selected and coupled in a way that there is little or no negative effect on the structural integrity of the stent and also with a relatively low profile. - As indicated above, a stent may have regions with a lower strain than other higher strain regions when the stent is placed under an applied stress during use. A depot for a radiopaque marker may be selectively positioned in a region of lower strain. The selected region of the structural element may be modified to have a higher mass or thickness than a region of lower strain without a marker so as to maintain the load-bearing capability of the region and to inhibit decoupling of the marker from the stent.
- Furthermore, the markers may be coupled to any desired location on a stent. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to limit the placement of a marker to particular locations or portions of surfaces of a stent. For example, it may be desirable to couple a marker at a sidewall face of a structural element to reduce or eliminate interference with a lumen wall or interference with blood flow, respectively. To delineate just the margins of the stent so that the physician may see its full length, markers can be placed only at the distal and proximal ends of the stent.
- As indicated above, a stent may include a biostable and/or a biodegradable polymer. The biodegradable polymer may be a pure or substantially pure biodegradable polymer. Alternatively, the biodegradable polymer may be a mixture of at least two types of biodegradable polymers. The stent may be configured to completely erode away once its function is fulfilled.
- In certain embodiments, the marker may be biodegradable. It may be desirable for the marker to degrade at the same or substantially the same rate as the stent. For instance, the marker may be configured to completely or almost completely erode at the same time or approximately the same time as the stent. In other embodiments, the marker may degrade at a faster rate than the stent. In this case, the marker may completely or almost completely erode before the body of the stent is completely eroded.
- Furthermore, a radiopaque marker may be composed of a biodegradable and/or biostable metal. Biodegradable or bioerodable metals tend to erode or corrode relatively rapidly when exposed to bodily fluids. Biostable metals refer to metals that are not biodegradable or bioerodable or have negligible erosion or corrosion rates when exposed to bodily fluids. Additionally, it is desirable to use a biocompatible biodegradable metal for a marker. A biocompatible biodegradable metal forms erosion products that do not negatively impact bodily functions.
- In one embodiment, a radiopaque marker may be composed of a pure or substantially pure biodegradable metal. Alternatively, the marker may be a mixture or alloy of at least two types of metals. Representative examples of biodegradable metals for use in a marker may include, but are not limited to, magnesium, zinc, tungsten, and iron. Representative mixtures or alloys may include magnesium/zinc, magnesium/iron, zinc/iron, and magnesium/zinc/iron. Radiopaque compounds such as iodine salts, bismuth salts, or barium salts may be compounded into the metallic biodegradable marker to further enhance the radiopacity. Representative examples of biostable metals can include, but are not limited to, platinum and gold.
- In some embodiments, the composition of the marker may be modified or tuned to obtain a desired erosion rate and/or degree of radiopacity. For example, the erosion rate of the marker may be increased by increasing the fraction of a faster eroding component in an alloy. Similarly, the degree of radiopacity may be increased by increasing the fraction of a more radiopaque metal, such as iron, in an alloy. In one embodiment, a biodegradable marker may be completely eroded when exposed to bodily fluids, such as blood, between about a week and about three months, or more narrowly, between about one month and about two months.
- In other embodiments, a radiopaque marker may be a mixture of a biodegradable polymer and a radiopaque material. A radiopaque material may be biodegradable and/or bioabsorbable. Representative radiopaque materials may include, but are not limited to, biodegradable metallic particles and particles of biodegradable metallic compounds such as biodegradable metallic oxides, biocompatible metallic salts, gadolinium salts, and iodinated contrast agents.
- In some embodiments, the radiopacity of the marker may be increased by increasing the composition of the radiopaque material in the marker. In one embodiment, the radiopaque material may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- The biodegradable polymer in the marker may be a pure or substantially pure biodegradable polymer. Alternatively, the biodegradable polymer may be a mixture of at least two types of biodegradable polymers. In one embodiment, the composition of the biodegradable polymer may be modified to alter the erosion rate of the marker since different biodegradable polymers have different erosion rates.
- A biocompatible metallic salt refers to a salt that may be safely absorbed by a body. Representative biocompatible metallic salts that may used in a marker include, but are not limited to, ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous chloride, ferrous fumarate, ferrous iodide, ferrous lactate, ferrous succinate, barium sulfate, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth potassium tartrate, bismuth sodium iodide, bismuth sodium tartrate, bismuth sodium triglycollamate, bismuth subsalicylate, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc citrate, zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc lactate, zinc phosphate, zinc salicylate, zinc stearate, zinc sulfate, and combinations thereof. The concentration of the metallic salt in the marker may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- In addition, representative iodinated contrast agents may include, but are not limited to acetriozate, diatriozate, iodimide, ioglicate, iothalamate, ioxithalamate, selectan, uroselectan, diodone, metrizoate, metrizamide, iohexol, ioxaglate, iodixanol, lipidial, ethiodol, and combinations thereof. The concentration of an iodinated contrast agent in the marker may be between 5% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker.
- The composition of metallic particles may include at least those biodegradable metals discussed above as well as metallic compounds such as oxides. The concentration of metallic particles in the marker may be between 10% and 80%; 20% and 70%; 30% and 60%; or 40% and 50% by volume of the marker. Additionally, individual metallic particles may be a pure or substantially pure metal or a metal compound. Alternatively, individual metallic particles may be a mixture of at least two types of metals or metallic compounds. Individual metallic particles may also be a mixture or an alloy composed of at least two types of metals.
- In certain embodiments, the metallic particles may be metallic nanoparticles. A “nanoparticle” refers to a particle with a dimension in the range of about 1 nm to about 100 nm. A significant advantage of nanoparticles over larger particles is that nanoparticles may disperse more uniformly in a polymeric matrix, which results in more uniform properties such as radiopacity and erosion rate. Additionally, nanoparticles may be more easily absorbed by bodily fluids such as blood without negative impact to bodily functions. Representative examples of metallic particles may include, but are not limited to, iron, magnesium, zinc, platinum, gold, tungsten, and oxides of such metals.
- In one embodiment, the composition of different types of metallic particles in the mixture as well as the composition of individual particles may be modified to alter erosion rates and/or radiopacity of the marker. In addition, the ratio of polymer to metallic particles may be modified to alter both the erosion rate, and radiopacity.
- A marker may be fabricated by methods including, but not limited to, molding, machining, assembly, or a combination thereof. All or part of a metallic or polymeric marker may be fabricated in a mold or machined by a method such as laser machining.
- In general, polymers can be biostable, bioabsorbable, biodegradable, or bioerodable. Biostable refers to polymers that are not biodegradable. The terms biodegradable, bioabsorbable, and bioerodable, as well as degraded, eroded, and absorbed, are used interchangeably and refer to polymers that are capable of being completely eroded or absorbed when exposed to bodily fluids such as blood and can be gradually resorbed, absorbed and/or eliminated by the body.
- Biodegradation refers generally to changes in physical and chemical properties that occur in a polymer upon exposure to bodily fluids as in a vascular environment. The changes in properties may include a decrease in molecular weight, deterioration of mechanical properties, and decrease in mass due to erosion or absorption. Mechanical properties may correspond to strength and modulus of the polymer. Deterioration of the mechanical properties of the polymer decreases the ability of a stent, for example, to provide mechanical support in a vessel. The decrease in molecular weight may be caused by, for example, hydrolysis, oxidation, enzymolysis, and/or metabolic processes.
- Representative examples of polymers that may be used to fabricate embodiments of stents, or more generally, implantable medical devices include, but are not limited to, poly(N-acetylglucosamine) (Chitin), Chitosan, poly(3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), polyorthoester, polyanhydride, poly(glycolic acid), poly(glycolide), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(L-lactide), poly(D,L-lactic acid), poly(D,L-lactide), poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide), poly(caprolactone), poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone), poly(D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone), poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyester amide, poly(glycolic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate), co-poly(ether-esters) (e.g. PEO/PLA), polyphosphazenes, biomolecules (such as fibrin, fibrinogen, cellulose, starch, collagen, and hyaluronic acid), polyurethanes, silicones, polyesters, polyolefins, polyisobutylene and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers, acrylic polymers and copolymers, vinyl halide polymers and copolymers (such as polyvinyl chloride), polyvinyl ethers (such as polyvinyl methyl ether), polyvinylidene halides (such as polyvinylidene chloride), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl aromatics (such as polystyrene), polyvinyl esters (such as polyvinyl acetate), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, ABS resins, polyamides (such as Nylon 66 and polycaprolactam), polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, polyethers, polyurethanes, rayon, rayon-triacetate, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellophane, cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, cellulose ethers, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Additional representative examples of polymers that may be especially well suited for use in fabricating embodiments of implantable medical devices disclosed herein include ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (commonly known by the generic name EVOH or by the trade name EVAL), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (e.g., SOLEF 21508, available from Solvay Solexis PVDF, Thorofare, N.J.), polyvinylidene fluoride (otherwise known as KYNAR, available from ATOFINA Chemicals, Philadelphia, Pa.), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), styrene-isobutylene-styrene triblock copolymers, and polyethylene glycol.
- While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects. Therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1-20. (canceled)
21. A biodegradable polymeric stent, comprising:
(a) a pattern of rings comprised of struts, such that one ring is connected to its adjacent ring by at least one connecting element,
wherein the struts and connecting element(s) provide the stent with radial strength, expansion ratio, and longitudinal flexibility,
wherein the struts and connecting element(s) are generally four sided in cross-section, and
wherein a material from which the struts and connecting element(s) are made consist of two different biodegradable polymers, one of the two polymers being a poly(l-lactide), with the proviso that the struts and connecting element(s) are made from the poly(l-lactide)-based polymer and no other polymers;
and
(b) radiopaque markers supported by the polymeric stent to provide capability of obtaining images of the poly(l-lactide)-based polymer with x-ray fluoroscopy during and after implantation of the stent in a vessel,
wherein the stent consists of two pairs markers, two of the markers being positioned in an adjacent configuration about a proximal most end ring of the stent, and the remaining two markers being positioned in an adjacent configuration about a distal most end ring of the stent, with the proviso that the stent has no other markers but for the four markers to allow for imaging of the poly(l-lactide)-based polymer and with a further proviso that an entire length of the stent between the first pair and second pair of markers is devoid of any markers,
wherein a center point of a first marker is positioned at a circumferential distance from a center point of its adjacent second marker,
wherein a center point of a third marker is positioned at a circumferential distance from a center point of its adjacent fourth marker, and
wherein the pair of markers about the proximal most end ring of the polymeric stent are circumferentially off-set from the pair of markers about the distal most end ring of the polymeric stent.
22. The polymeric stent of claim 21 , wherein the markers are spherical and each are disposed in 4 respective cylindrical depots laser machined into an element of the polymeric stent.
23. The polymeric stent of claim 21 , wherein the depots are closed-ended.
24. The polymeric stent of claim 21 , wherein the depots are open at both a luminal side and abluminal side.
25. The polymeric stent of claim 21 , wherein the makers are attached to the depots by gluing, welding or through interference fit.
26. The polymeric stent of claim 21 , wherein the markers are biocompatible so as not to interfere to the treatment of the patient.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/963,997 US20130331926A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US80908806P | 2006-05-26 | 2006-05-26 | |
US79622607A | 2007-04-26 | 2007-04-26 | |
US13/963,997 US20130331926A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US79622607A Continuation | 2006-05-26 | 2007-04-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130331926A1 true US20130331926A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
Family
ID=49668808
Family Applications (9)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/964,006 Expired - Fee Related US8752267B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US13/964,000 Abandoned US20130325104A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US13/963,997 Abandoned US20130331926A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US13/964,008 Expired - Fee Related US8752268B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US13/964,010 Abandoned US20130325107A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US13/964,003 Abandoned US20130325105A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US14/273,127 Active US9038260B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-05-08 | Stent with radiopaque markers |
US14/693,679 Expired - Fee Related US9358325B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2015-04-22 | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US15/151,365 Expired - Fee Related US9694116B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2016-05-10 | Stents with radiopaque markers |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/964,006 Expired - Fee Related US8752267B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US13/964,000 Abandoned US20130325104A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
Family Applications After (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/964,008 Expired - Fee Related US8752268B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US13/964,010 Abandoned US20130325107A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US13/964,003 Abandoned US20130325105A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-08-09 | Stents With Radiopaque Markers |
US14/273,127 Active US9038260B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-05-08 | Stent with radiopaque markers |
US14/693,679 Expired - Fee Related US9358325B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2015-04-22 | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US15/151,365 Expired - Fee Related US9694116B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2016-05-10 | Stents with radiopaque markers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (9) | US8752267B2 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140039601A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-06 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Stent and stent-graft designs |
US8752267B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-06-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US9198785B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2015-12-01 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Crush recoverable polymer scaffolds |
US9532888B2 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2017-01-03 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US9827119B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2017-11-28 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Polymer scaffolds having a low crossing profile |
US9999527B2 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Scaffolds having radiopaque markers |
US10052185B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2018-08-21 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device marker attachment |
US10265089B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-04-23 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device visibility |
US10307274B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2019-06-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Methods for uniform crimping and deployment of a polymer scaffold |
US10610387B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2020-04-07 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Scaffolds having a radiopaque marker and methods for attaching a marker to a scaffold |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013019756A2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Carnegie Mellon University | Artificial valved conduits for cardiac reconstructive procedures and methods for their production |
US20140013574A1 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-16 | Intact Vascular, Inc. | Systems and methods for attaching radiopaque markers to a medical device |
US10441236B2 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2019-10-15 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Integration between 3D maps and fluoroscopic images |
US9730819B2 (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | Elixir Medical Corporation | Biodegradable endoprostheses and methods of their fabrication |
US11000370B2 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2021-05-11 | Peca Labs, Inc. | Expandable implantable conduit |
US10631979B2 (en) | 2016-10-10 | 2020-04-28 | Peca Labs, Inc. | Transcatheter stent and valve assembly |
EP3573575A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2019-12-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Devices and methods of use with devices having a radiopaque filament |
US11406403B2 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-08-09 | Neuravi Limited | Visibility of mechanical thrombectomy device during diagnostic imaging |
US12011349B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2024-06-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Balloon expandable stent with lengthened commissure posts for transcatheter implantation of a cardiac valve prosthesis |
US20210275299A1 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for multi-alignment of implantable medical devices |
US20230149117A1 (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2023-05-18 | Tepha, Inc. | Medical implants for marking surgical sites |
US20220061985A1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for multi-alignment of implantable medical devices |
US11969343B2 (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2024-04-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transcatheter heart valve prosthesis systems and methods for rotational alignment |
US11147694B1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-10-19 | Vesper Medical, Inc. | Medical implants with structural members having barbs for retaining radiopaque markers |
Family Cites Families (457)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2697863A (en) | 1952-04-09 | 1954-12-28 | Marietta A Moser | Pin fastener for furniture covers and the like |
US3476463A (en) | 1965-05-11 | 1969-11-04 | Perkin Elmer Corp | Coherent light optical system yielding an output beam of desired intensity distribution at a desired equiphase surface |
GB1237035A (en) | 1969-08-20 | 1971-06-30 | Tsi Travmatologii I Ortopedii | Magnesium-base alloy for use in bone surgery |
US3900632A (en) | 1970-02-27 | 1975-08-19 | Kimberly Clark Co | Laminate of tissue and random laid continuous filament web |
US3839743A (en) | 1972-04-21 | 1974-10-08 | A Schwarcz | Method for maintaining the normal integrity of blood |
US4104410A (en) | 1973-12-21 | 1978-08-01 | Malecki George J | Processing of green vegetables for color retention in canning |
US4110497A (en) | 1976-07-02 | 1978-08-29 | Snyder Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Striped laminate and method and apparatus for making same |
JPS6037735B2 (en) | 1978-10-18 | 1985-08-28 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Artificial blood vessel |
DE2928007A1 (en) | 1979-07-11 | 1981-01-15 | Riess Guido Dr | BONE IMPLANT BODY FOR PROSTHESES AND BONE CONNECTORS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4346028A (en) | 1979-12-14 | 1982-08-24 | Monsanto Company | Asbestiform crystalline calcium sodium or lithium phosphate, preparation and compositions |
DE3019996A1 (en) | 1980-05-24 | 1981-12-03 | Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Stuttgart, 7410 Reutlingen | HOHLORGAN |
DE3138769A1 (en) | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-14 | Kali-Chemie Pharma Gmbh, 3000 Hannover | 7-BROM-5- (2-HALOGENPHENYL) -1H-2,3-DIHYDRO-1,4-BENZODIAZEPINE COMPOUNDS, AND METHODS AND METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND MEDICINAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING THESE COMPOUNDS |
US4902289A (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1990-02-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Multilayer bioreplaceable blood vessel prosthesis |
US4517687A (en) | 1982-09-15 | 1985-05-21 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Synthetic woven double-velour graft |
US4656083A (en) | 1983-08-01 | 1987-04-07 | Washington Research Foundation | Plasma gas discharge treatment for improving the biocompatibility of biomaterials |
US4594407A (en) | 1983-09-20 | 1986-06-10 | Allied Corporation | Prosthetic devices derived from krebs-cycle dicarboxylic acids and diols |
US5197977A (en) | 1984-01-30 | 1993-03-30 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Drug delivery collagen-impregnated synthetic vascular graft |
US4633873A (en) | 1984-04-26 | 1987-01-06 | American Cyanamid Company | Surgical repair mesh |
US4596574A (en) | 1984-05-14 | 1986-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biodegradable porous ceramic delivery system for bone morphogenetic protein |
US4886870A (en) | 1984-05-21 | 1989-12-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Bioerodible articles useful as implants and prostheses having predictable degradation rates |
CH671337A5 (en) | 1984-06-19 | 1989-08-31 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | |
US4879135A (en) | 1984-07-23 | 1989-11-07 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of New Jersey | Drug bonded prosthesis and process for producing same |
IT1186142B (en) | 1984-12-05 | 1987-11-18 | Medinvent Sa | TRANSLUMINAL IMPLANTATION DEVICE |
US4718907A (en) | 1985-06-20 | 1988-01-12 | Atrium Medical Corporation | Vascular prosthesis having fluorinated coating with varying F/C ratio |
US4818559A (en) | 1985-08-08 | 1989-04-04 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for producing endosseous implants |
US4733665C2 (en) | 1985-11-07 | 2002-01-29 | Expandable Grafts Partnership | Expandable intraluminal graft and method and apparatus for implanting an expandable intraluminal graft |
US5061281A (en) | 1985-12-17 | 1991-10-29 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Bioresorbable polymers and implantation devices thereof |
US4743252A (en) | 1986-01-13 | 1988-05-10 | Corvita Corporation | Composite grafts |
EP0556940A1 (en) | 1986-02-24 | 1993-08-25 | Robert E. Fischell | Intravascular stent |
US4878906A (en) | 1986-03-25 | 1989-11-07 | Servetus Partnership | Endoprosthesis for repairing a damaged vessel |
DE3778195D1 (en) | 1986-04-07 | 1992-05-21 | Agency Ind Science Techn | ANTITHROMOGENIC MATERIAL. |
JPH0433791Y2 (en) | 1986-04-11 | 1992-08-12 | ||
US4740207A (en) | 1986-09-10 | 1988-04-26 | Kreamer Jeffry W | Intralumenal graft |
US4723549A (en) | 1986-09-18 | 1988-02-09 | Wholey Mark H | Method and apparatus for dilating blood vessels |
US4722335A (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1988-02-02 | Vilasi Joseph A | Expandable endotracheal tube |
US4800882A (en) | 1987-03-13 | 1989-01-31 | Cook Incorporated | Endovascular stent and delivery system |
US4816339A (en) | 1987-04-28 | 1989-03-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Multi-layered poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/elastomer materials useful for in vivo implantation |
US5527337A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1996-06-18 | Duke University | Bioabsorbable stent and method of making the same |
US5059211A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1991-10-22 | Duke University | Absorbable vascular stent |
DK530787D0 (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1987-10-09 | Bukh Meditec | DEVICE FOR INTRODUCTION IN A BODY |
US4886062A (en) | 1987-10-19 | 1989-12-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intravascular radially expandable stent and method of implant |
US4877030A (en) | 1988-02-02 | 1989-10-31 | Andreas Beck | Device for the widening of blood vessels |
US5192311A (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1993-03-09 | Angeion Corporation | Medical implant and method of making |
US4994298A (en) | 1988-06-07 | 1991-02-19 | Biogold Inc. | Method of making a biocompatible prosthesis |
US5502158A (en) | 1988-08-08 | 1996-03-26 | Ecopol, Llc | Degradable polymer composition |
EP0649637A1 (en) | 1988-08-24 | 1995-04-26 | SLEPIAN, Marvin J. | Material for endoluminal paving and sealing |
US5328471A (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1994-07-12 | Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of focal disease in hollow tubular organs and other tissue lumens |
US5019090A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1991-05-28 | Corvita Corporation | Radially expandable endoprosthesis and the like |
CA1322628C (en) | 1988-10-04 | 1993-10-05 | Richard A. Schatz | Expandable intraluminal graft |
US5085629A (en) | 1988-10-06 | 1992-02-04 | Medical Engineering Corporation | Biodegradable stent |
FI85223C (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1992-03-25 | Biocon Oy | BIODEGRADERANDE SURGICAL IMPLANT OCH MEDEL. |
US4977901A (en) | 1988-11-23 | 1990-12-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article having non-crosslinked crystallized polymer coatings |
CA2004833A1 (en) | 1988-12-08 | 1990-06-08 | Leonard Armand Trudell | Prosthesis of foam polyurethane and collagen and uses thereof |
CH678393A5 (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1991-09-13 | Ulrich Prof Dr Med Sigwart | |
EP0455705B1 (en) | 1989-01-27 | 1997-05-28 | Australian Membrane And Biotechnology Research Institute | Receptor membranes and ionophore gating |
US5163958A (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1992-11-17 | Cordis Corporation | Carbon coated tubular endoprosthesis |
US5289831A (en) | 1989-03-09 | 1994-03-01 | Vance Products Incorporated | Surface-treated stent, catheter, cannula, and the like |
NZ228382A (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1992-08-26 | Carter Holt Harvey Plastic Pro | Drug administering coil-like device for insertion in body cavity of animal |
US5108755A (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1992-04-28 | Sri International | Biodegradable composites for internal medical use |
US5100429A (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1992-03-31 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Endovascular stent and delivery system |
US4990158A (en) | 1989-05-10 | 1991-02-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Synthetic semiabsorbable tubular prosthesis |
DE59009894D1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1996-01-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Absorbable moldings and process for their production. |
US5084065A (en) | 1989-07-10 | 1992-01-28 | Corvita Corporation | Reinforced graft assembly |
US5971954A (en) | 1990-01-10 | 1999-10-26 | Rochester Medical Corporation | Method of making catheter |
DE69108423T2 (en) | 1990-02-08 | 1995-07-27 | Howmedica | Inflatable dilator. |
US5545208A (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1996-08-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intralumenal drug eluting prosthesis |
US5156623A (en) | 1990-04-16 | 1992-10-20 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Sustained release material and method of manufacturing the same |
US5123917A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1992-06-23 | Lee Peter Y | Expandable intraluminal vascular graft |
US5290271A (en) | 1990-05-14 | 1994-03-01 | Jernberg Gary R | Surgical implant and method for controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents |
DE69131574T2 (en) | 1990-05-14 | 2000-05-04 | Gary R. Jernberg | SURGICAL IMPLANT AND METHOD FOR EMBEDDING CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS |
JPH05509008A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1993-12-16 | スタック、リチャード・エス | bioabsorbable stent |
US5279594A (en) | 1990-05-23 | 1994-01-18 | Jackson Richard R | Intubation devices with local anesthetic effect for medical use |
JPH0433791A (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1992-02-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Laser beam machine |
US6060451A (en) | 1990-06-15 | 2000-05-09 | The National Research Council Of Canada | Thrombin inhibitors based on the amino acid sequence of hirudin |
US5236447A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1993-08-17 | Nissho Corporation | Artificial tubular organ |
US5342395A (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1994-08-30 | American Cyanamid Co. | Absorbable surgical repair devices |
US5112457A (en) | 1990-07-23 | 1992-05-12 | Case Western Reserve University | Process for producing hydroxylated plasma-polymerized films and the use of the films for enhancing the compatiblity of biomedical implants |
US5455040A (en) | 1990-07-26 | 1995-10-03 | Case Western Reserve University | Anticoagulant plasma polymer-modified substrate |
CA2090435C (en) | 1990-08-28 | 2000-12-12 | Peter J. Schmitt | Self-supporting woven vascular graft |
IL99296A (en) | 1990-08-28 | 1995-12-08 | Meadox Medicals Inc | Self-supporting woven vascular graft and its preparation |
US5108417A (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1992-04-28 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp. | Anti-turbulent, anti-thrombogenic intravascular stent |
US5258020A (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1993-11-02 | Michael Froix | Method of using expandable polymeric stent with memory |
US5163952A (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1992-11-17 | Michael Froix | Expandable polymeric stent with memory and delivery apparatus and method |
JPH0717314Y2 (en) | 1990-10-18 | 1995-04-26 | ソン ホーヨン | Self-expanding intravascular stent |
US5104410A (en) | 1990-10-22 | 1992-04-14 | Intermedics Orthopedics, Inc | Surgical implant having multiple layers of sintered porous coating and method |
WO1992010218A1 (en) | 1990-12-06 | 1992-06-25 | W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Implantable bioabsorbable article |
US5163951A (en) | 1990-12-27 | 1992-11-17 | Corvita Corporation | Mesh composite graft |
JP3199124B2 (en) | 1990-12-28 | 2001-08-13 | 株式会社ニデック | Laser ablation equipment |
CS277367B6 (en) | 1990-12-29 | 1993-01-13 | Krajicek Milan | Three-layered vascular prosthesis |
EP0525210A4 (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1993-07-28 | Tdk Corporation | Composite bio-implant and production method therefor |
SE9100610D0 (en) | 1991-03-04 | 1991-03-04 | Procordia Ortech Ab | BIORESORBABLE MATERIAL FOR MEDICAL USE |
ES2134205T3 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1999-10-01 | Keiji Igaki | STENT FOR GLASSES, SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR SAID STENT, AND DEVICE FOR MOUNTING SAID STENT. |
US5383925A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1995-01-24 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Three-dimensional braided soft tissue prosthesis |
SE9101752D0 (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1991-06-10 | Procordia Ortech Ab | METHOD OF PRODUCING A MICROSTRUCTURE IN A BIORESORBABLE ELEMENT |
US5356433A (en) | 1991-08-13 | 1994-10-18 | Cordis Corporation | Biocompatible metal surfaces |
US5811447A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1998-09-22 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
US6515009B1 (en) | 1991-09-27 | 2003-02-04 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
WO1993006792A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Biodegradable drug delivery vascular stent |
US5500013A (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1996-03-19 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Biodegradable drug delivery vascular stent |
US5234457A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1993-08-10 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Impregnated stent |
US5282860A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1994-02-01 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Stent tube for medical use |
CA2121674C (en) | 1991-10-21 | 2003-05-06 | Timothy E. Trigg | Biocompatible implant for the timing of ovulation in mares |
US5167614A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1992-12-01 | Medical Engineering Corporation | Prostatic stent |
US5756476A (en) | 1992-01-14 | 1998-05-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Inhibition of cell proliferation using antisense oligonucleotides |
CA2087132A1 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-01 | Michael S. Williams | Stent capable of attachment within a body lumen |
US5573934A (en) | 1992-04-20 | 1996-11-12 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Gels for encapsulation of biological materials |
WO1993019803A1 (en) | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-14 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Medical wire |
DE4222380A1 (en) | 1992-07-08 | 1994-01-13 | Ernst Peter Prof Dr M Strecker | Endoprosthesis implantable percutaneously in a patient's body |
US5306294A (en) | 1992-08-05 | 1994-04-26 | Ultrasonic Sensing And Monitoring Systems, Inc. | Stent construction of rolled configuration |
US5514379A (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1996-05-07 | The General Hospital Corporation | Hydrogel compositions and methods of use |
IL106660A (en) | 1992-08-13 | 1997-04-15 | Adcock Ingram Ltd | Hydrogel composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol polymer and its production |
US5853408A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1998-12-29 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | In-vivo modification of the mechanical properties of surgical devices |
US5342621A (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1994-08-30 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Antithrombogenic surface |
US5770609A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1998-06-23 | Neorx Corporation | Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular pathologies |
US5830461A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1998-11-03 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Methods for promoting wound healing and treating transplant-associated vasculopathy |
US5342348A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-08-30 | Kaplan Aaron V | Method and device for treating and enlarging body lumens |
US5380976A (en) | 1992-12-11 | 1995-01-10 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Process for high quality plasma arc and laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminum |
EP0604022A1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1994-06-29 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Multilayered biodegradable stent and method for its manufacture |
US5443458A (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1995-08-22 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Multilayered biodegradable stent and method of manufacture |
US5981568A (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1999-11-09 | Neorx Corporation | Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells |
JP3583801B2 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 2004-11-04 | ボストン サイエンティフィック リミテッド | Luminal stents and implants |
WO1994021196A2 (en) | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-29 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Endovascular stents |
FI92465C (en) | 1993-04-14 | 1994-11-25 | Risto Tapani Lehtinen | A method for handling endo-osteal materials |
US5441515A (en) | 1993-04-23 | 1995-08-15 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Ratcheting stent |
US5464650A (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1995-11-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intravascular stent and method |
US5716981A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1998-02-10 | Angiogenesis Technologies, Inc. | Anti-angiogenic compositions and methods of use |
EG20321A (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1998-10-31 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Medical material and process for producing the same |
US5565215A (en) | 1993-07-23 | 1996-10-15 | Massachusettes Institute Of Technology | Biodegradable injectable particles for imaging |
JPH08507243A (en) | 1993-07-23 | 1996-08-06 | クック インコーポレイティッド | Flexible stent with pattern formed from sheet material |
ATE326234T1 (en) | 1993-08-26 | 2006-06-15 | Genetics Inst Llc | HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS FOR USE IN NEURONAL REGENERATION |
ES2116384T3 (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1998-07-16 | Schneider Europ Ag | ENDOPROTESIS. |
US5723004A (en) | 1993-10-21 | 1998-03-03 | Corvita Corporation | Expandable supportive endoluminal grafts |
US5389106A (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-02-14 | Numed, Inc. | Impermeable expandable intravascular stent |
JPH07124766A (en) | 1993-11-04 | 1995-05-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Method for controlling eximer laser machining |
US5599301A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1997-02-04 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Motor control system for an automatic catheter inflation system |
SE501288C2 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1995-01-09 | Corimed Gmbh | Process for preparing ceramic implant material, preferably hydroxylapatite having ceramic implant material |
US5626611A (en) | 1994-02-10 | 1997-05-06 | United States Surgical Corporation | Composite bioabsorbable materials and surgical articles made therefrom |
US5556413A (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1996-09-17 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Coiled stent with locking ends |
WO1995024929A2 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-09-21 | Brown University Research Foundation | Polymeric gene delivery system |
EP0754242A4 (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1997-06-11 | Lynx Therapeutics Inc | OLIGONUCLEOTIDE N3'-m(7)P5' PHOSPHORAMIDATES: SYNTHESIS AND COMPOUNDS; HYBRIDIZATION AND NUCLEASE RESISTANCE PROPERTIES |
US5726297A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1998-03-10 | Lynx Therapeutics, Inc. | Oligodeoxyribonucleotide N3' P5' phosphoramidates |
US5599922A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1997-02-04 | Lynx Therapeutics, Inc. | Oligonucleotide N3'-P5' phosphoramidates: hybridization and nuclease resistance properties |
US5656186A (en) | 1994-04-08 | 1997-08-12 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method for controlling configuration of laser induced breakdown and ablation |
US5399666A (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1995-03-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Easily degradable star-block copolymers |
JP2825452B2 (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1998-11-18 | アドヴァンスド カーディオヴァスキュラー システムズ インコーポレーテッド | Radiopak stent marker |
DE69527141T2 (en) | 1994-04-29 | 2002-11-07 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | STENT WITH COLLAGEN |
US5629077A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-05-13 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Biodegradable mesh and film stent |
US5670558A (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1997-09-23 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Medical instruments that exhibit surface lubricity when wetted |
US6007845A (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1999-12-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nanoparticles and microparticles of non-linear hydrophilic-hydrophobic multiblock copolymers |
US5554120A (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1996-09-10 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Polymer blends for use in making medical devices including catheters and balloons for dilatation catheters |
US5817327A (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1998-10-06 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Incorporation of biologically active molecules into bioactive glasses |
US6015429A (en) | 1994-09-08 | 2000-01-18 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Procedures for introducing stents and stent-grafts |
US5593403A (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1997-01-14 | Scimed Life Systems Inc. | Method for modifying a stent in an implanted site |
US5578073A (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1996-11-26 | Ramot Of Tel Aviv University | Thromboresistant surface treatment for biomaterials |
US5649977A (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1997-07-22 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Metal reinforced polymer stent |
EP1004293A3 (en) | 1994-10-12 | 2001-10-04 | Focal, Inc. | Targeted delivery via biodegradable polymers |
US5765682A (en) | 1994-10-13 | 1998-06-16 | Menlo Care, Inc. | Restrictive package for expandable or shape memory medical devices and method of preventing premature change of same |
US5836964A (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1998-11-17 | Medinol Ltd. | Stent fabrication method |
IL115755A0 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1996-01-19 | Medinol Ltd | X-ray visible stent |
US5707385A (en) | 1994-11-16 | 1998-01-13 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Drug loaded elastic membrane and method for delivery |
CA2163824C (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2000-06-20 | Richard J. Saunders | Method and apparatus for direct laser cutting of metal stents |
US5637113A (en) | 1994-12-13 | 1997-06-10 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Polymer film for wrapping a stent structure |
US6017577A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 2000-01-25 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Slippery, tenaciously adhering hydrophilic polyurethane hydrogel coatings, coated polymer substrate materials, and coated medical devices |
US5919570A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1999-07-06 | Schneider Inc. | Slippery, tenaciously adhering hydrogel coatings containing a polyurethane-urea polymer hydrogel commingled with a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) polymer hydrogel, coated polymer and metal substrate materials, and coated medical devices |
US5876743A (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1999-03-02 | Den-Mat Corporation | Biocompatible adhesion in tissue repair |
US5605696A (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1997-02-25 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Drug loaded polymeric material and method of manufacture |
US5837313A (en) | 1995-04-19 | 1998-11-17 | Schneider (Usa) Inc | Drug release stent coating process |
US6120536A (en) | 1995-04-19 | 2000-09-19 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Medical devices with long term non-thrombogenic coatings |
US6099562A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 2000-08-08 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Drug coating with topcoat |
JP2795824B2 (en) | 1995-05-12 | 1998-09-10 | オオタ株式会社 | Surface treatment method for titanium-based implant and biocompatible titanium-based implant |
US5954744A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1999-09-21 | Quanam Medical Corporation | Intravascular stent |
US5603722A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1997-02-18 | Quanam Medical Corporation | Intravascular stent |
US5820917A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-10-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Blood-contacting medical device and method |
US5591199A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-07 | Porter; Christopher H. | Curable fiber composite stent and delivery system |
US5609629A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-03-11 | Med Institute, Inc. | Coated implantable medical device |
US6129761A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-10 | Reprogenesis, Inc. | Injectable hydrogel compositions |
AU716005B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-02-17 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Implantable medical device |
US5667767A (en) | 1995-07-27 | 1997-09-16 | Micro Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for use in embolizing blood vessels |
GB9611437D0 (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-08-07 | Secr Defence | Biomaterial |
US5686540A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-11-11 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the preparation of lactic acid-based polyester |
US5830879A (en) | 1995-10-02 | 1998-11-03 | St. Elizabeth's Medical Center Of Boston, Inc. | Treatment of vascular injury using vascular endothelial growth factor |
US5736152A (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1998-04-07 | Atrix Laboratories, Inc. | Non-polymeric sustained release delivery system |
US5607442A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1997-03-04 | Isostent, Inc. | Stent with improved radiopacity and appearance characteristics |
US6048964A (en) | 1995-12-12 | 2000-04-11 | Stryker Corporation | Compositions and therapeutic methods using morphogenic proteins and stimulatory factors |
JP4193917B2 (en) | 1995-12-18 | 2008-12-10 | アンジオデバイス インターナショナル ゲーエムベーハー | Crosslinked polymer composition and method of use thereof |
ATE290832T1 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 2005-04-15 | Medtronic Inc | EXPANDABLE ENDOLUMINAL PROSTHESES |
US6150630A (en) | 1996-01-11 | 2000-11-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser machining of explosives |
DE69716779T2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 2003-07-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING DILATERS |
CA2248076A1 (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-18 | Richard D. Leavitt | Polymeric delivery of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals |
US6334871B1 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 2002-01-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Radiopaque stent markers |
IL117472A0 (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1996-07-23 | Instent Israel Ltd | Radiopaque stent markers |
US5824042A (en) | 1996-04-05 | 1998-10-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Endoluminal prostheses having position indicating markers |
US6241760B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2001-06-05 | G. David Jang | Intravascular stent |
US6071266A (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2000-06-06 | Kelley; Donald W. | Lubricious medical devices |
US6592617B2 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 2003-07-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Three-dimensional braided covered stent |
US5670161A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-09-23 | Healy; Kevin E. | Biodegradable stent |
US5733326A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1998-03-31 | Cordis Corporation | Composite material endoprosthesis |
US5914182A (en) | 1996-06-03 | 1999-06-22 | Gore Hybrid Technologies, Inc. | Materials and methods for the immobilization of bioactive species onto polymeric substrates |
US5874165A (en) | 1996-06-03 | 1999-02-23 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Materials and method for the immobilization of bioactive species onto polymeric subtrates |
US5830178A (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1998-11-03 | Micro Therapeutics, Inc. | Methods for embolizing vascular sites with an emboilizing composition comprising dimethylsulfoxide |
GB9616032D0 (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1996-09-11 | Ici Plc | Cassette casing for thermal transfer printing dye ribbon |
US5800516A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-09-01 | Cordis Corporation | Deployable and retrievable shape memory stent/tube and method |
US6174329B1 (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 2001-01-16 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Protective coating for a stent with intermediate radiopaque coating |
US6344271B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2002-02-05 | Nanoenergy Corporation | Materials and products using nanostructured non-stoichiometric substances |
US5855618A (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1999-01-05 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Polyurethanes grafted with polyethylene oxide chains containing covalently bonded heparin |
US5807404A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1998-09-15 | Medinol Ltd. | Stent with variable features to optimize support and method of making such stent |
US6174326B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 | 2001-01-16 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Radiopaque, antithrombogenic stent and method for its production |
EP0842729A1 (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1998-05-20 | Arterial Vascular Engineering, Inc. | Method and apparatus for laser processing of intravascular devices |
US6387121B1 (en) | 1996-10-21 | 2002-05-14 | Inflow Dynamics Inc. | Vascular and endoluminal stents with improved coatings |
US5868781A (en) | 1996-10-22 | 1999-02-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Locking stent |
US5833651A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1998-11-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Therapeutic intraluminal stents |
US5877263A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1999-03-02 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Process for preparing polymer coatings grafted with polyethylene oxide chains containing covalently bonded bio-active agents |
US5741881A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1998-04-21 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Process for preparing covalently bound-heparin containing polyurethane-peo-heparin coating compositions |
US5728751A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1998-03-17 | Meadox Medicals, Inc. | Bonding bio-active materials to substrate surfaces |
US5704082A (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1998-01-06 | Smith; Catherine V. | Anchor pin for dust ruffle |
JPH10166156A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-23 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Plasma cutting device |
IT1289728B1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1998-10-16 | Sorin Biomedica Cardio Spa | SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT DEVICE THAT INCLUDES IT |
US5980972A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1999-11-09 | Schneider (Usa) Inc | Method of applying drug-release coatings |
US5906759A (en) | 1996-12-26 | 1999-05-25 | Medinol Ltd. | Stent forming apparatus with stent deforming blades |
IT1291001B1 (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1998-12-14 | Sorin Biomedica Cardio Spa | ANGIOPLASTIC STENT AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS |
US5733330A (en) | 1997-01-13 | 1998-03-31 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Balloon-expandable, crush-resistant locking stent |
US6159951A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 2000-12-12 | Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 2'-O-amino-containing nucleoside analogs and polynucleotides |
US6582472B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2003-06-24 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Kinetic stent |
EP0975285B1 (en) | 1997-04-01 | 2008-10-01 | CAP Biotechnology, Inc. | Calcium phosphate microcarriers and microspheres |
US5874101A (en) | 1997-04-14 | 1999-02-23 | Usbiomaterials Corp. | Bioactive-gel compositions and methods |
US6240616B1 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 2001-06-05 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a medicated porous metal prosthesis |
US6273913B1 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 2001-08-14 | Cordis Corporation | Modified stent useful for delivery of drugs along stent strut |
FI103715B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 1999-08-31 | Heimo Ylaenen | New composite and its use |
US5879697A (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1999-03-09 | Schneider Usa Inc | Drug-releasing coatings for medical devices |
US5741327A (en) | 1997-05-06 | 1998-04-21 | Global Therapeutics, Inc. | Surgical stent featuring radiopaque markers |
US6610764B1 (en) | 1997-05-12 | 2003-08-26 | Metabolix, Inc. | Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates |
US6303901B1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 2001-10-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method to reduce damage to backing plate |
US5891192A (en) | 1997-05-22 | 1999-04-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ion-implanted protein-coated intralumenal implants |
US6056993A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-05-02 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Porous protheses and methods for making the same wherein the protheses are formed by spraying water soluble and water insoluble fibers onto a rotating mandrel |
US6110483A (en) | 1997-06-23 | 2000-08-29 | Sts Biopolymers, Inc. | Adherent, flexible hydrogel and medicated coatings |
JP3844848B2 (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2006-11-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Laser processing machine |
DE19731021A1 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-21 | Meyer Joerg | In vivo degradable metallic implant |
US5980928A (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-11-09 | Terry; Paul B. | Implant for preventing conjunctivitis in cattle |
US5980564A (en) | 1997-08-01 | 1999-11-09 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Bioabsorbable implantable endoprosthesis with reservoir |
US6174330B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2001-01-16 | Schneider (Usa) Inc | Bioabsorbable marker having radiopaque constituents |
US6340367B1 (en) | 1997-08-01 | 2002-01-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Radiopaque markers and methods of using the same |
US6245103B1 (en) | 1997-08-01 | 2001-06-12 | Schneider (Usa) Inc | Bioabsorbable self-expanding stent |
US6121027A (en) | 1997-08-15 | 2000-09-19 | Surmodics, Inc. | Polybifunctional reagent having a polymeric backbone and photoreactive moieties and bioactive groups |
US6117979A (en) | 1997-08-18 | 2000-09-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Process for making a bioprosthetic device and implants produced therefrom |
WO1999011202A1 (en) | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-11 | Icet, Inc. | Biomimetic calcium phosphate implant coatings and methods for making the same |
US6284333B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2001-09-04 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical devices made from polymer blends containing low melting temperature liquid crystal polymers |
US6010445A (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2000-01-04 | Implant Sciences Corporation | Radioactive medical device and process |
WO1999016871A2 (en) | 1997-09-22 | 1999-04-08 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissensc | Nucleic acid catalysts with endonuclease activity |
US6231598B1 (en) | 1997-09-24 | 2001-05-15 | Med Institute, Inc. | Radially expandable stent |
US6042606A (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2000-03-28 | Cook Incorporated | Radially expandable non-axially contracting surgical stent |
US5972027A (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1999-10-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc | Porous stent drug delivery system |
US5976182A (en) | 1997-10-03 | 1999-11-02 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Balloon-expandable, crush-resistant locking stent and method of loading the same |
DE19745294A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-15 | Biotronik Mess & Therapieg | Process for the production of fine-structured medical technology implants |
US7128737B1 (en) | 1997-10-22 | 2006-10-31 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Object figuring device |
DE29724852U1 (en) | 1997-10-22 | 2005-01-13 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Pulsed laser beam system figuring all types of optical surfaces, especially the cornea |
DE19746882A1 (en) | 1997-10-23 | 1999-04-29 | Angiomed Ag | Expandable stent for tubular anatomical structures such as bile-ducts |
US6015541A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2000-01-18 | Micro Therapeutics, Inc. | Radioactive embolizing compositions |
ES2201571T3 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2004-03-16 | Morphoplant Gmbh | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMMOBILIZATION OF MEDIATING MOLECULES ON MATERIALS OF INORGANIC AND METALLIC IMPLANTS. |
US6156062A (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2000-12-05 | Ave Connaught | Helically wrapped interlocking stent |
US6093463A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2000-07-25 | Intella Interventional Systems, Inc. | Medical devices made from improved polymer blends |
US5957975A (en) | 1997-12-15 | 1999-09-28 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Stent having a programmed pattern of in vivo degradation |
US6022374A (en) | 1997-12-16 | 2000-02-08 | Cardiovasc, Inc. | Expandable stent having radiopaque marker and method |
US6626939B1 (en) | 1997-12-18 | 2003-09-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent-graft with bioabsorbable structural support |
US5986169A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1999-11-16 | Biorthex Inc. | Porous nickel-titanium alloy article |
US6511748B1 (en) | 1998-01-06 | 2003-01-28 | Aderans Research Institute, Inc. | Bioabsorbable fibers and reinforced composites produced therefrom |
US6503271B2 (en) | 1998-01-09 | 2003-01-07 | Cordis Corporation | Intravascular device with improved radiopacity |
US6224626B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2001-05-01 | Md3, Inc. | Ultra-thin expandable stent |
JP4034036B2 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2008-01-16 | マサチューセッツ・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジー | Biodegradable shape memory polymer |
TR200002451T2 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2001-03-21 | Mnemo Science Gmbh | Shape Memory polymers |
US5938697A (en) | 1998-03-04 | 1999-08-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent having variable properties |
US6110188A (en) | 1998-03-09 | 2000-08-29 | Corvascular, Inc. | Anastomosis method |
US7208010B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2007-04-24 | Conor Medsystems, Inc. | Expandable medical device for delivery of beneficial agent |
US6626938B1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2003-09-30 | Cordis Corporation | Stent graft having a pleated graft member |
US6563998B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2003-05-13 | John Farah | Polished polymide substrate |
US6113629A (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2000-09-05 | Micrus Corporation | Hydrogel for the therapeutic treatment of aneurysms |
US6083258A (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2000-07-04 | Yadav; Jay S. | Locking stent |
DE59913189D1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2006-05-04 | Biotronik Ag | Implantable, bioabsorbable vessel wall support, in particular coronary stent |
DE19856983A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 1999-12-30 | Biotronik Mess & Therapieg | Implantable, bioresorbable vascular wall support, in particular coronary stent |
US6153252A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2000-11-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Process for coating stents |
US20050283228A1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2005-12-22 | Stanford Ulf H | Expandable stent with relief holes capable of carrying medicines and other materials |
EP1119379A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2001-08-01 | Boston Scientific Limited | Drug delivery device for stent |
CA2346651A1 (en) | 1998-10-19 | 2000-04-27 | Synthes (U.S.A.) | Hardenable ceramic hydraulic cement |
DE19855421C2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2001-09-20 | Alcove Surfaces Gmbh | Implant |
EP1000958B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2004-03-17 | Takiron Co. Ltd. | Shape-memory, biodegradable and absorbable material |
US6125523A (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2000-10-03 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent crimping tool and method of use |
US6350277B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2002-02-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stents with temporary retaining bands |
EP1600124B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2008-01-02 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Method for compacting an endoprosthesis |
WO2000045734A1 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-10 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Controlled release composite |
US6361557B1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2002-03-26 | Medtronic Ave, Inc. | Staplebutton radiopaque marker |
US6187045B1 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2001-02-13 | Thomas K. Fehring | Enhanced biocompatible implants and alloys |
US6183505B1 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2001-02-06 | Medtronic Ave, Inc. | Method of stent retention to a delivery catheter balloon-braided retainers |
US6066156A (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2000-05-23 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Temperature activated adhesive for releasably attaching stents to balloons |
US6730116B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-05-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical device for intraluminal endovascular stenting |
WO2000064506A1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Agion Technologies, L.L.C. | Stent having antimicrobial agent |
US6368346B1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2002-04-09 | American Medical Systems, Inc. | Bioresorbable stent |
US6667049B2 (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2003-12-23 | Ethicon, Inc. | Relic process for producing bioresorbable ceramic tissue scaffolds |
US6312459B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2001-11-06 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent design for use in small vessels |
US6258121B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-07-10 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent coating |
US6177523B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-23 | Cardiotech International, Inc. | Functionalized polyurethanes |
AUPQ170799A0 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 1999-08-12 | Cardiac Crc Nominees Pty Limited | Shape memory polyurethane or polyurethane-urea polymers |
US6569193B1 (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2003-05-27 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Tapered self-expanding stent |
CN1241442A (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2000-01-19 | 林代平 | Post-operation adhesion preventing method |
DE19938704C1 (en) | 1999-08-14 | 2001-10-31 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Process for the production of reaction systems for implantation in the human and animal body as a bone substitute, which i.a. Contain calcium and phosphorus |
US6479565B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2002-11-12 | Harold R. Stanley | Bioactive ceramic cement |
US6379381B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2002-04-30 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Porous prosthesis and a method of depositing substances into the pores |
JP4172883B2 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2008-10-29 | Hoya株式会社 | Drug sustained release carrier and method for producing drug sustained release carrier |
US6283234B1 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2001-09-04 | Sylvan Engineering Company | Apparatus for mounting PCD compacts |
AU1084101A (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-23 | United Stenting, Inc. | Stents with multilayered struts |
DE19953771C1 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 2001-06-13 | Coripharm Medizinprodukte Gmbh | Absorbable bone implant material and method for producing the same |
US7226475B2 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 2007-06-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent with variable properties |
EP1690527B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2015-01-07 | Boston Scientific Limited | Microfabricated devices for the delivery of molecules into a carrier fluid |
US7947069B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2011-05-24 | University Of Washington | Medical devices comprising small fiber biomaterials, and methods of use |
US6554854B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2003-04-29 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Process for laser joining dissimilar metals and endoluminal stent with radiopaque marker produced thereby |
US6295168B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2001-09-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Refractive optical system that converts a laser beam to a collimated flat-top beam |
US6654183B2 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2003-11-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for converting optical beams to collimated flat-top beams |
US6981987B2 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2006-01-03 | Ethicon, Inc. | Removable stent for body lumens |
US6338739B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2002-01-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Biodegradable stent |
US6494908B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2002-12-17 | Ethicon, Inc. | Removable stent for body lumens |
US6471721B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2002-10-29 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Vascular stent having increased radiopacity and method for making same |
US6355058B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2002-03-12 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent with radiopaque coating consisting of particles in a binder |
JP4898993B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2012-03-21 | クック メディカル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Intravascular medical device with multiple wires |
US6375826B1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2002-04-23 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Electro-polishing fixture and electrolyte solution for polishing stents and method |
KR100371559B1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2003-02-06 | 주식회사 경원메디칼 | Calcium phosphate artificial bone as osteoconductive and biodegradable bone substitute material |
US6527801B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2003-03-04 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Biodegradable drug delivery material for stent |
EP1153621A1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-14 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Biocements based on a mixture of TCP-PHA with improved compressive strength |
US7394591B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2008-07-01 | Imra America, Inc. | Utilization of Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators in solid-state short pulse laser systems |
US6395326B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2002-05-28 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for depositing a coating onto a surface of a prosthesis |
US6652579B1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2003-11-25 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Radiopaque stent |
IL137090A (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2010-04-15 | Pentech Medical Devices Ltd | Polymeric stent |
US6716252B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2004-04-06 | Wit Ip Corporation | Prostatic stent with localized tissue engaging anchoring means and methods for inhibiting obstruction of the prostatic urethra |
US6974473B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2005-12-13 | Vascular Architects, Inc. | Function-enhanced thrombolytic AV fistula and method |
US6569191B1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2003-05-27 | Bionx Implants, Inc. | Self-expanding stent with enhanced radial expansion and shape memory |
US6574851B1 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2003-06-10 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent made by rotational molding or centrifugal casting and method for making the same |
GB0020491D0 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2000-10-11 | Angiomed Ag | Stent with attached element and method of making such a stent |
US20020072792A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-06-13 | Robert Burgermeister | Stent with optimal strength and radiopacity characteristics |
WO2002026162A2 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | A method of loading a substance onto an implantable device |
US6485512B1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-11-26 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Two-stage light curable stent and delivery system |
US6805898B1 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2004-10-19 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Surface features of an implantable medical device |
US6254632B1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2001-07-03 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Implantable medical device having protruding surface structures for drug delivery and cover attachment |
US20020111590A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-08-15 | Davila Luis A. | Medical devices, drug coatings and methods for maintaining the drug coatings thereon |
US6746773B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2004-06-08 | Ethicon, Inc. | Coatings for medical devices |
US6863685B2 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2005-03-08 | Cordis Corporation | Radiopacity intraluminal medical device |
US6492615B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2002-12-10 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Laser polishing of medical devices |
US6506437B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2003-01-14 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods of coating an implantable device having depots formed in a surface thereof |
WO2003061502A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2003-07-31 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent having radiopaque markers and method of fabricating the same |
US6758859B1 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2004-07-06 | Kenny L. Dang | Increased drug-loading and reduced stress drug delivery device |
FR2816227B1 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2003-01-24 | Air Liquide | HIGH SPEED LASER CUTTING PROCESS WITH ADAPTED GAS |
US10398830B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2019-09-03 | Vactronix Scientific, Llc | Device for in vivo delivery of bioactive agents and method of manufacture thereof |
US6517888B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-02-11 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Method for manufacturing a medical device having a coated portion by laser ablation |
US6664335B2 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2003-12-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Polyurethane elastomer article with “shape memory” and medical devices therefrom |
JP3881508B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 | 2007-02-14 | 株式会社ニデック | Laser therapy device |
DE10064596A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-20 | Biotronik Mess & Therapieg | Application of a marker element to an implant, especially a stent, comprises introducing a solidifiable material into a recess and solidifying the material in the recess |
US6565599B1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-05-20 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Hybrid stent |
US6641607B1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-11-04 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Double tube stent |
US6540777B2 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2003-04-01 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Locking stent |
US6563080B2 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2003-05-13 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Laser cutting of stents and other medical devices |
US8262687B2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2012-09-11 | Kyoto Medical Planning Co., Ltd. | Stent holding member and stent feeding system |
US20030069630A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2003-04-10 | Robert Burgermeister | Stent with radiopaque markers incorporated thereon |
WO2002074481A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-26 | Laser Machining, Inc. | Laser ablation technique |
US6764505B1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-07-20 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Variable surface area stent |
US6913762B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2005-07-05 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Stent having non-woven framework containing cells |
NZ528994A (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2006-02-24 | Control Delivery Sys Inc | Sustained release drug delivery system containing codrugs |
US8182527B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2012-05-22 | Cordis Corporation | Heparin barrier coating for controlled drug release |
US6679980B1 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2004-01-20 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for electropolishing a stent |
US6673106B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2004-01-06 | Cordis Neurovascular, Inc. | Intravascular stent device |
US6521865B1 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2003-02-18 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Pulsed fiber laser cutting system for medical implants |
US6695920B1 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2004-02-24 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Mandrel for supporting a stent and a method of using the mandrel to coat a stent |
US6585755B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2003-07-01 | Advanced Cardiovascular | Polymeric stent suitable for imaging by MRI and fluoroscopy |
ES2266148T5 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2012-11-06 | Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.R.L. | Stent |
US6926733B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2005-08-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method for enhancing sheet or tubing metal stent radiopacity |
DE10138866B4 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2007-05-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for drilling a hole in a workpiece by means of a laser beam |
JP2003053577A (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2003-02-26 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and device for generating top flat beam and method and device for laser beam machining using the top flat beam |
US7252679B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2007-08-07 | Cordis Corporation | Stent with angulated struts |
IN2014DN10834A (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2015-09-04 | Psivida Inc | |
US20030060872A1 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2003-03-27 | Gary Gomringer | Stent with radiopaque characteristics |
WO2003049795A2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-06-19 | Boston Scientific Limited | Medical devices comprising nanocomposites |
US20040143180A1 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2004-07-22 | Sheng-Ping Zhong | Medical devices visible under magnetic resonance imaging |
US7014654B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2006-03-21 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent designed for the delivery of therapeutic substance or other agents |
US20030105530A1 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-05 | Inion Ltd. | Biodegradable implant and method for manufacturing one |
CN1241442C (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2006-02-08 | 广达电脑股份有限公司 | Built-in antenna module for mobile phone |
US6752826B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2004-06-22 | Thoratec Corporation | Layered stent-graft and methods of making the same |
US6866805B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2005-03-15 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Hybrid intravascular stent |
US7326245B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2008-02-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device for delivering biologically active material |
US20030153971A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-14 | Chandru Chandrasekaran | Metal reinforced biodegradable intraluminal stents |
US20030155328A1 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Huth Mark C. | Laser micromachining and methods and systems of same |
US20030187495A1 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-02 | Cully Edward H. | Endoluminal devices, embolic filters, methods of manufacture and use |
US7691461B1 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2010-04-06 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Hybrid stent and method of making |
US7083822B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2006-08-01 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Overlapping coated stents |
US7270675B2 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2007-09-18 | Cordis Corporation | Method of forming a tubular membrane on a structural frame |
DE10222117B4 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2004-09-16 | W&H Dentalwerk Bürmoos Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Dental medical laser processing device for plasma-induced ablation |
US20030236563A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-25 | Dan Fifer | Stent delivery catheter with retention bands |
US20030236565A1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-12-25 | Dimatteo Kristian | Implantable prosthesis |
US6780261B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2004-08-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an implantable stent having improved mechanical properties |
US7141063B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2006-11-28 | Icon Medical Corp. | Stent with micro-latching hinge joints |
US6945995B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2005-09-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent overlap point markers |
WO2004019820A1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-11 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent with nested rings |
US20040044399A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-04 | Ventura Joseph A. | Radiopaque links for self-expanding stents |
CA2498104A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-25 | Juha-Pekka Nuutinen | Drawn expanded stent |
US6818063B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2004-11-16 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mandrel fixture and method for minimizing coating defects |
US7331986B2 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2008-02-19 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Intraluminal medical device having improved visibility |
US20040088039A1 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Lee Nathan T. | Method of securing radiopaque markers to an implant |
US20040098090A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-20 | Williams Michael S. | Polymeric endoprosthesis and method of manufacture |
US6696667B1 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2004-02-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Laser stent cutting |
US7491234B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2009-02-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices for delivery of therapeutic agents |
US7776926B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2010-08-17 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Biocompatible coating for implantable medical devices |
US6899729B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2005-05-31 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent for treating vulnerable plaque |
US8088158B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2012-01-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Radiopaque ePTFE medical devices |
US6852946B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2005-02-08 | Caterpillar Inc | Laser-induced plasma micromachining |
US20040126405A1 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-01 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Engineered scaffolds for promoting growth of cells |
US7455687B2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2008-11-25 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Polymer link hybrid stent |
DE10300475B4 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2008-11-13 | Alveolus Inc. | Stent with a tubular expandable support device |
US20040143317A1 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2004-07-22 | Stinson Jonathan S. | Medical devices |
US20040143338A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-22 | Brian Burkinshaw | Multi-piece modular patellar prosthetic system |
US20040167610A1 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-08-26 | Fleming James A. | Locking stent |
US20040249442A1 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-12-09 | Fleming James A. | Locking stent having multiple locking points |
WO2004075789A2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Cook Incorporated | PROTHESIS ADAPTED FOR PLACEDd UNDER EXTERNAL IMAGING |
US7487579B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2009-02-10 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods of making medical devices |
US7163555B2 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2007-01-16 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Drug-eluting stent for controlled drug delivery |
US7625398B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2009-12-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Endoprosthesis having foot extensions |
US6846323B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2005-01-25 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Intravascular stent |
US20050015138A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2005-01-20 | Andreas Schuessler | Stent made of a material with low radio-opaqueness |
US20050211680A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-09-29 | Mingwei Li | Systems and methods for laser texturing of surfaces of a substrate |
DE10325678A1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-23 | Biotronik Meß- und Therapiegeräte GmbH & Co. Ingenieurbüro Berlin | Connection system for connecting a stent to a radio-opaque marker and method for establishing a connection between a stent and two or more radio-opaque markers |
AU2004246998A1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2004-12-23 | Nanyang Technological University | Polymeric stent and method of manufacture |
US8021418B2 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2011-09-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Sandwiched radiopaque marker on covered stent |
WO2004112863A1 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-29 | Mcgill University | Biodegradable membrane-covered implant comprising chitosan |
US7166099B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2007-01-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multilayer medical devices |
DE10340931A1 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-31 | Herbert Walter | Method and device for drilling the finest holes |
US20050060025A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Mackiewicz David A. | Radiopaque markers for medical devices |
US20050087520A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-04-28 | Lixiao Wang | Method and apparatus for selective ablation of coatings from medical devices |
DE10361942A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-21 | Restate Patent Ag | Radioopaque marker for medical implants |
US8309112B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2012-11-13 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Coatings for implantable medical devices comprising hydrophilic substances and methods for fabricating the same |
US20050157382A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 | 2005-07-21 | Kafka James D. | Industrial directly diode-pumped ultrafast amplifier system |
US7284401B2 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2007-10-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent reducing system and device |
US7243408B2 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2007-07-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Process method for attaching radio opaque markers to shape memory stent |
US6943964B1 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-09-13 | Southeastern Univ. Research Assn. | Single element laser beam shaper |
US20050283226A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-22 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Medical devices |
US7731890B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2010-06-08 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods of fabricating stents with enhanced fracture toughness |
US7763066B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2010-07-27 | Cook Incorporated | Stent with an end member having a lateral extension |
US8158904B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2012-04-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a feature in a workpiece by laser ablation with a laser beam having an adjustable intensity profile to redistribute the energy density impinging on the workpiece |
DE102004045994A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-30 | Campus Gmbh & Co. Kg | Stent for implantation in or around a hollow organ with marker elements made from a radiopaque material |
DE102004054084B4 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2007-08-02 | Admedes Schuessler Gmbh | Stent with a marker for improving the radiopacity, the use and a method for producing such a stent |
US7508853B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2009-03-24 | Imra, America, Inc. | Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators and fiber systems incorporated in solid-state short pulse laser systems |
JP4979591B2 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2012-07-18 | トライレム メディカル, インコーポレイテッド | Stent having a self-expandable portion |
US20070142903A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Dave Vipul B | Laser cut intraluminal medical devices |
US20070156230A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2007-07-05 | Dugan Stephen R | Stents with radiopaque markers |
WO2007105067A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Arterial Remodeling Technologies, S.A. | Method of monitoring positioning of polymeric stents |
US20070266542A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-22 | Cook Incorporated | Radiopaque marker for intraluminal medical device |
US8752267B2 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2014-06-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US20080009938A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Bin Huang | Stent with a radiopaque marker and method for making the same |
US20080015684A1 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-17 | Wu Patrick P | Method And Apparatus For Attaching Radiopaque Markers To A Stent |
EP3061791B1 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2019-01-16 | OrbusNeich Medical, Inc. | Bioabsorbable polymeric composition for a medical device |
US20130150943A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2013-06-13 | Elixir Medical Corporation | Biodegradable endoprostheses and methods for their fabrication |
US8388673B2 (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2013-03-05 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Polymeric stent |
US20090204203A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Bioabsorbable Stent Having a Radiopaque Marker |
WO2009121048A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a polymeric stent having a circumferential ring configuration |
US20110282428A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-17 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Biodegradable composite stent |
-
2013
- 2013-08-09 US US13/964,006 patent/US8752267B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-09 US US13/964,000 patent/US20130325104A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-09 US US13/963,997 patent/US20130331926A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-09 US US13/964,008 patent/US8752268B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-09 US US13/964,010 patent/US20130325107A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-09 US US13/964,003 patent/US20130325105A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-05-08 US US14/273,127 patent/US9038260B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-04-22 US US14/693,679 patent/US9358325B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-10 US US15/151,365 patent/US9694116B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10070975B2 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2018-09-11 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US9532888B2 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2017-01-03 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US9358325B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2016-06-07 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US8752267B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-06-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US8752268B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-06-17 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of making stents with radiopaque markers |
US9038260B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2015-05-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stent with radiopaque markers |
US9694116B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2017-07-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Stents with radiopaque markers |
US9827119B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2017-11-28 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Polymer scaffolds having a low crossing profile |
US9198785B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2015-12-01 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Crush recoverable polymer scaffolds |
US11324614B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2022-05-10 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Balloon expanded polymer stent |
US9763818B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2017-09-19 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of crimping stent on catheter delivery assembly |
US9770351B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2017-09-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Crush recoverable polymer scaffolds |
US10123894B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2018-11-13 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of crimping stent on catheter delivery assembly |
US9867728B2 (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2018-01-16 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Method of making a stent |
US8840659B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-09-23 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Stent and stent-graft designs |
US20140039601A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-02-06 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Stent and stent-graft designs |
US9060853B2 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2015-06-23 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Stent and stent-graft designs |
US10307274B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2019-06-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Methods for uniform crimping and deployment of a polymer scaffold |
US9999527B2 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Scaffolds having radiopaque markers |
US10610387B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2020-04-07 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Scaffolds having a radiopaque marker and methods for attaching a marker to a scaffold |
US11478370B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2022-10-25 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Scaffolds having a radiopaque marker and methods for attaching a marker to a scaffold |
US10052185B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2018-08-21 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device marker attachment |
US10265089B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-04-23 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device visibility |
US10799332B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2020-10-13 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device marker attachment |
US11045215B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2021-06-29 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device visibility |
US11801116B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2023-10-31 | Covidien Lp | Vascular device marker attachment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130325107A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US20130319603A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US9694116B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
US20160250396A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US9358325B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
US20140237801A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
US9038260B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
US8752268B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
US20130325104A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US8752267B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
US20130325106A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US20130325105A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US20150297796A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9694116B2 (en) | Stents with radiopaque markers | |
US10070975B2 (en) | Stents with radiopaque markers | |
US20080009938A1 (en) | Stent with a radiopaque marker and method for making the same | |
US9452067B2 (en) | Apparatus for attaching radiopaque markers to a stent | |
US9101698B2 (en) | Bioabsorbable stent with radiopaque layer and method of fabrication | |
US20110313510A1 (en) | Polymer Metal and Composite Implantable Medical Devices |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |