JP2010518865A - 成長する動物の発育を促進するための組成物と方法 - Google Patents
成長する動物の発育を促進するための組成物と方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国仮出願No.60/891,171(2007年2月22日出願)への優先権を主張するものであり、該仮出願の内容は、本明細書に援用される。
1.1 タウリン約1000〜約2000ppmを含む組成物1.0;
1.2 リノール酸約2.5〜約6%を含む組成物1.0又は組成物1.1;
1.3 総合n−3脂肪酸約1〜約3%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.4 ビタミンE約50〜約1200IU/kgを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.5 ビタミンC約50〜約500ppmを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.6 リシン約2.2〜約7g/1000kcalを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.7 炭水化物0〜約90重量%を含む組成物1;
1.8 タンパク質約5〜約70重量%、例えば、約20〜約50重量%又は約22〜約50重量%を含む組成物1.1又は組成物1.2;
1.9 脂肪約2〜約50重量%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.10 総食物繊維約0.1〜約20重量%、例えば、約1〜約11重量%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.11 動物の栄養的ニーズを支持する、変化する割合での、ビタミン、ミネラル及びその他の栄養素0〜約15重量%、例えば、約2〜約8%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.12 炭水化物約5〜約55重量%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.13 タンパク質約20〜約60重量%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.14 脂肪約5〜約40重量%、例えば、脂肪少なくとも約8%、又は約9〜40%を含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.15 ビタミンE約200〜約1000IU/kgを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.16 リシン約2.5〜約7g/1000kcalを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.17 カルニチン約100〜約500ppmを含む先行組成物のいずれか;
1.18 ドッグフード、例えば、子犬フードである先行組成物のいずれか。
2.1 該犬が子犬である場合の方法2.0;
2.2 該犬が、妊娠中に組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つをえさとして与えられた母獣から生まれた犬である場合の方法2.0又は方法2.1;
2.3 該子犬が子宮内にいる場合の方法2.2;
2.4 該母獣が、妊娠前に組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つをえさとして与えられた母獣である場合の方法2.2;
2.5 該母獣が、妊娠期間の大部分にわたって組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つをえさとして与えられた母獣である場合の方法2.2又は方法2.4;
2.6 該母獣が、妊娠前と妊娠中に組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つから本質的に成る組成物をえさとして与えられた母獣である場合の方法2.2〜2.5のいずれか1方法;
2.7 該子犬が、離乳前に、例えば、まだ乳飲み仔であるときに、組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つをえさとして与えられた子犬である場合の先行方法のいずれか1方法;
2.8 該子犬が、離乳後に組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つをえさとして与えられた子犬である場合の先行方法のいずれか1方法;
2.9 該子犬が、組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1つから成るフード組成物をえさとして与えられた子犬である場合の方法2.8;
2.10 該組成物の有効量を該動物に投与する、先行方法のいずれか1方法;
2.11 該組成物を該動物に、有効な時間量にわたって投与する、先行方法のいずれか1方法。
発明の詳細な説明
本明細書に述べる本発明が、記載した特定の方法論、プロトコル及び試薬類は変化可能であるので、これらに限定されないことが考慮される。本明細書に用いる専門用語が特定の実施態様を述べるために過ぎず、如何なる意味でも本発明の範囲を限定することを意図しないことが考慮される。
本発明は任意の動物、好ましくは、哺乳動物、より好ましくは、コンパニオン動物に関する。“コンパニオン動物”なる用語は、ヒトと密接に関係して生活する、任意の動物を意味し、任意の種の犬及び猫を包含するが、これらに限定される訳ではない。しかし、本明細書では、その食餌がヒトによって調整することができるいずれの動物も本明細書に開示する処方を与えられることから利益を得ることができると考える。これらの動物は、例えば、飼育された家畜(例えば、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ等)と、おりに入れられた非家畜動物(undomesticated animals held in captivity)、例えば、動物園等の動物を包含しうる。好ましくは、動物は犬科の動物、例えば犬である。この犬科動物が成長する犬、例えば子犬であることが好ましい。
本明細書で用いる限り、“子犬(puppy)”なる用語は、典型的に、誕生から生後12か月までの未成熟な犬を意味する。
本明細書で用いる“必須アミノ酸”は、生物によって新たに合成することができず、したがって、食餌中で供給しなければならないようなアミノ酸を意味する。必須アミノ酸が、生物の代謝に依存して、種毎に変化することは、当業者によって理解される。例えば、犬及び猫(及びヒト)にとっての必須アミノ酸がフェニルアラニン、ロイシン、メチオニン、リシン、イソロイシン、バリン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、ヒスチジン及びアルギニンであることが、一般に理解される。
本明細書に述べる試験には、5種類のフードを用いる。フードの栄養素を分析して、表2に示す。
実施例2の子犬に対して、小型Granzfeld式刺激器を含む手持ち式ポータブル装置によって種々な時点で、網膜電図(ERGs)を撮影する。動物を少なくとも1時間暗順応させてから、赤色光下で(under red light)メデトミジン(0.1mg/kgIM)とケタミン(5mg/kgIM)を用いて、麻酔する。トロピカミド(tropicamide)1%(Tropicamide Ophthalmic Solution USP, Alcon Lab. Inc., Fort Worth, Texas)を用いて、瞳孔を最大に拡張して、塩酸プロパラカイン0.5%(Alcaine, Alcon Lab. Inc., Fort Worth, Texas)で眼を麻酔する。Jetコンタクトレンズ電極を眼の上に配置し、メチルセルロース(Methocel, Ciba Vision, Grosswallstadt, Germany)によって緩衝化する(cushioned)。皮下白金針電極を後頭部と、眼の外側眼角(lateral canthus of the eye)から約0.5cmのところに置く、これらはそれぞれ、外側電極(ground electrode)と基準電極として役立つ。この機器のための標準フラッシュ(SF)(0log)は、白色LEDsによって生ずる1.7cd s/m2である。該フラッシュ強度は0.3logステップで、−3.0logから+1.2log単位まで変えることができる。この試験における暗順応刺激(scotopic stimulation)のために、SFによる、−3.0log、0log及び+1.2logが用いられる。10分間の明順応(室内で通常の蛍光灯を用いる)後に、明順応記録(photopic recording)を0logと+1.2logにおいて行なって、最後に、30Hzフリッカー刺激に対する反応を試験する。全ての記録はERGユニットに保存し、後に、さらに評価するためにコンピューターに転送する。
実施例2の子犬において骨発達を検査する。データは、より健全な骨発達をもたらしうる組成物Hの投与によって、骨交替が減少する可能性があることを示唆する。
実施例2の子犬に対して生後2、4、6、9及び12か月目に、麻酔下で、LUNAR機器(General Electric)を用いて、二重エネルギーX線吸収分析法を.行なう。これらの各時点において全体組成(whole body composition)を測定する。測定された結果(outcomes)は、骨ミネラル密度、骨ミネラル含量、脂肪なし体重(lean mass)、総脂肪量(total fat mass)、脂肪量%、脂肪なし+骨含量(lean + bone content)である。ANOVAを各時点において行なって、グループ間の有意差を測定する。各子犬に対して毎週、電子スケールを用いて、体重を測定する。
誕生から離乳までの体重増加: 組成物Hをえさとして与えられた母獣に生まれた子犬(平均330g)は、組成物P1をえさとして与えられた母獣に生まれた子犬(355g)又は組成物E1をえさとして与えられた母獣に生まれた子犬(362g)よりも軽量である。この差は、誕生時には、グループ間で有意ではないが、4週間目にはANOVAはp=0.07で有意性に接近する。離乳時には、グループ間の体重に有意差が存在し、組成物P1をえさとして与えられた母獣から生まれた子犬(3060g)又は組成物E1をえさとして与えられた母獣から生まれた子犬(3080g)は、組成物Hをえさとして与えられた母獣に生まれた子犬(2540g;p<0.05)よりも有意に大きい体重を有する。平均の1日体重増加は、組成物P1、H及びE2をえさとして与えられた母獣からの子犬に関して、それぞれ、47、38及び47g/日であり、グループ間で顕著に異なる(p<0.05)。
P1母獣〜P2子犬(P2−P2):平均6194g
P1母獣〜H子犬(P1−H): 平均5919g
P1母獣〜E2子犬(P1−E2):平均6106g
E1母獣〜E2子犬(E1−E2):平均6180g
H母獣〜H子犬(H−H): 平均5106g
グループを両側t−検定(two tailed t-test)によって比較すると、組成物H−Hグループが他の4グループのいずれよりも顕著に軽量であることが分かる。他の4グループのいずれも、相互から異ならない。
P1母獣〜P2子犬: 平均9544g
P1母獣〜H子犬: 平均9153g
P1母獣〜E2子犬: 平均9156g
E2母獣〜E1子犬: 平均9025g
H母獣〜H子犬: 平均7580g
この期間中の平均体重増加は、次のとおりである:
P1母獣〜P2子犬: 平均54.1g/日
P1母獣〜H子犬: 平均50.4g/日
P1母獣〜E2子犬: 平均51.2g/日
E1母獣〜E2子犬: 平均49.2g/日
H母獣〜H子犬: 平均41.7g/日
これは、一元配置ANOVAによって有意に異なる(p<0.05)。両側t−検定によるグループの比較は、組成物H−Hグループが成長速度においてP1−H、P1−P2又はP1−E2グループよりも顕著に低く、E1−E2子犬グループに比べて辛うじて異なる(marginally different)ことを示す。
総脂肪
初期離乳時: E1を与えられた母獣からの子犬は、P1を与えられた母獣からの子犬よりも多くの総脂肪を有し、P1を与えられた母獣からの子犬は、Hを与えられた母獣からの子犬よりも多くの総脂肪を有した(グループ間に有意差(p<0.05))。
・E1−E2>P1−E2>P1−P1>P1−H>H−H
・グループ間に有意差(p<0.05)
生後9か月:
・E1−E2>P1−P1>P1−E2>P1−H>H−H
・組成物Hを与えられた母獣からの、組成物Hを与えられる子犬は、生後9か月目により少ない脂肪を有する。グループ間に有意差(p<0.05)
脂肪率
初期離乳時:
・E1>P1>H
・組成物Hを与えられた母獣からの子犬は、離乳時により小さい体脂肪率を有する。グループ間に有意差(p<0.05)
生後4か月:
・E1−E2>P1−E2>P1−P1>P1−H>H−H
・グループ間に有意差(p<0.05)
生後9か月:
・E1−E2>P1−E2>P1−P1>P1−H>H−H
・組成物Hを与えられた母獣からの、組成物Hを与えられる子犬は、生後9か月目により小さい体脂肪率を有する。グループ間に有意差(p<0.05)
Claims (25)
- メチオニン約0.8〜約1.6%;マンガン約50〜約200ppm;DHA約0.1〜約0.5%;EPA約0.1〜約0.7%;及びコリン約2500〜約7500ppmを含むペットフード組成物。
- EPA約0.1〜約0.7%;マンガン約50〜約200ppm;及びメチオニン約0.5〜約1.6%を含むペットフード組成物。
- DHA約0.10〜約0.5%;カルニチン約100〜約500ppm;及びリシン約2.5〜約7g/1000kcalを含むペットフード組成物。
- タウリン約1000〜約2000ppmを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- リノール酸約2.5〜約6%を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 総n−3脂肪酸約1〜約3%を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ビタミンE約50〜約1200IU/kgを含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ビタミンC約50〜約500ppmを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- リシン約2.2〜約7g/1000kcalを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 炭水化物0〜約90重量%を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- タンパク質約5〜約70重量%を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 脂肪約2〜約50重量%を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 総食物繊維約0.1〜約20重量%を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- リシン約2.5〜約7g/1000kcalを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- カルニチン約100〜約500ppmを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 犬における骨発達を促進し、神経的発達を強化し、認知能力及び運動神経能力を強化し、健全な体組成を促進し、及び/又は脂肪を減少させるための方法であって、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物を該犬に投与することを含む方法。
- 該犬が子犬である、請求項16の方法。
- 該犬が、妊娠中に組成物1.0〜1.18のいずれか1種類をえさとした与えられた母獣から生まれた犬である、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- 該子犬が子宮内にいる、請求項16〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該母獣が、妊娠前に請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物をえさとして与えられた母獣である、請求項18又は19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該母獣が、妊娠期間の大部分にわたって、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物をえさとして与えられた母獣である、請求項18又は20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該母獣が、妊娠前及び妊娠中に、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物から本質的に成る組成物をえさとして与えられた母獣である、請求項18〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該子犬が、離乳前に、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物をえさとして与えられる、請求項16〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該子犬が、離乳後に、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の組成物をえさとして与えられる、請求項16〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該子犬が、請求項1〜15に記載の組成物のいずれか1種類から成るペットフード組成物をえさとして与えられる、請求項24に記載の方法。
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