CN101662951A - 用于改变基因表达的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开用于调节生长期动物的基因表达的组合物和方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
[0001]本申请权利要求2007年2月22日提交的美国临时申请第60/891171号的优先权,其内容通过参照结合到本文中。
发明领域
[0002]本发明涉及调节生长期动物的基因表达或转录的组合物和方法。
发明背景
[0003]市售得到的犬和猫食物包括针对许多不同营养需要而专门配制的组合物。这些组合物包括例如设计用于不同繁育类型、体积和身体条件的配方。针对动物的不同生命周期中所需要的营养而设计的配方。典型地,这些阶段包括生命的生长、成熟和老年阶段。例如,美国专利5,851,573公开针对大品种幼犬的宠物食品组合物;美国专利6,426,100公开令生长期动物骨建造和软骨细胞功能改善的组合物;美国专利6,582,752公开性别特异性小狗食品。尽管可获得这样的宠物食品配方,然而,仍需要开发包含为促进生长期动物的发育而设计的创新成分和营养素的其它制剂。
[0004]本领域已知某些营养素对基因表达有作用。营养基因学是关于这类关系的研究。尽管已知,但仍需要开发可积极影响动物的基因表达的组合物和方法。
发明概述
[0005]在某些方面,本发明涉及用来促进生长期动物的发育的组合物。尤其是,本发明组合物包含可加强动物神经发育、骨和关节健康、免疫功能和促进身体健康组成的一种或多种营养素或生物活性物质。在某些实施方案中,营养素和生物活性物质包括,但不限于,脂肪酸、抗氧化剂、必需营养素、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素、维生素和维生素类物质。本发明的其它方面涉及促进生长期动物发育的方法,该方法包括给予,直接给予生长期动物或当动物在子宫内或是幼仔时给予所述动物的母亲有效量的本发明组合物。
[0006]因此,一方面,本发明包括组合物1.0,一种宠物食品组合物,其包含:
约5-约70%蛋白质、
约0.5-约1.6%甲硫氨酸、
约50-约200ppm锰、
约0.1-约0.5%DHA、
约0.1-约0.7%EPA、
约1200-约7500ppm胆碱、
约1000-约2000ppm牛磺酸、
约2.5-约6%亚油酸、
约1-约3%总n-3脂肪酸、
约50-约1200IU/kg维生素E、
约50-约500ppm维生素C、
约50-约500ppm肉毒碱,和
约2.5-约7g赖氨酸/1000kcal。
[0007]本发明还包括以下组合物:
1.1组合物1.0,其包含:
0-约90%重量的碳水化合物;
约20%-约60%重量的蛋白质;
约2%-约50%重量的脂肪;
约0.1%-约20%,重量的总膳食纤维;和
0-约15%重量的维生素、矿物质和其它营养素,其以支持动物营养需要的不同百分比存在。
1.2组合物1.0或1.1,其包含约5%-约55%重量的碳水化合物;
1.3前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约20%-约50%,例如,约22%-约50%重量的蛋白质;
1.4前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约5%-约40%重量的脂肪,例如,至少约8%或约9%-约40%脂肪;
1.5前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约1%-约11%重量的总膳食纤维;
1.6前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约0.1%-约0.4%,例如,约0.5%DHA;
1.7前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约200IU/kg-约1200IU/kg,例如,约200IU/kg-约1000IU/kg维生素E;
1.9前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约100ppm-约500ppm,例如,约200-约400或约300ppm肉毒碱;
1.10前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约2.5g/1000kcal-约7g/1000kcal赖氨酸;
1.11前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约2500ppm-约7500ppm,例如,约3000、约3500、约4000、约4500、约4600、约4625、约4650、约4700、约4800或约6000ppm胆碱;
1.12前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约0.1%-约0.6%EPA;
1.13前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约50ppm-约150ppm锰;和
1.14前述组合物中的任一种,其包含约0.8%-约1.6%甲硫氨酸。
[0008]另一方面,本发明涉及对动物的基因表达产生有益修饰的方法,具体说来,向下调节与不想要的生物状况或途径或疾病状态有关的一种或多种基因的表达,和/或向上调节与想要的生物状况或途径有关的一种或多种基因表达,或它可能针对任一种或多种生物状况、途径或疾病状态和表2-15中描述的基因的疾病状态产生积极或预防效果的方法,其包括给予动物,直接给予动物,或当动物在子宫内时给予其母亲有效量的根据组合物1.0-1.14中任一种的组合物。
[0009]另一方面,本发明涉及方法2.0,一种调节犬科动物的基因表达的方法,包括给予犬科动物任一种本发明组合物,例如,组合物1.0-1.14。
[0010]本发明还包括以下方法:
2.1方法2.0的方法,其中的犬科动物是小狗。
2.2方法2.0或2.1的方法,其中所述犬科动物出生于妊娠期间喂给组合物1.0-1.14中任一种的雌犬。
2.3方法2.2的方法,其中的小狗在子宫内。
2.4方法2.2的方法,其中的雌犬在妊娠前喂给组合物1.0-1.14中的任一种。
2.5方法2.2或2.4的方法,其中的雌犬在大部分妊娠期喂给组合物1.0-1.14中的任一种。
2.6方法2.2-2.5中的任一种方法,其中的雌犬在妊娠前和妊娠期间喂给基本由1.0-1.14中的任一种组成的组合物。
2.7前述方法中的任一种方法,其中的小狗在断奶前,例如,仍是幼仔时,喂给组合物1.0-1.14中的任一种。
2.8前述方法中的任一种方法,其中的小狗在断奶后喂给组合物1.0-1.14中的任一种。
2.9方法2.8,其中的小狗喂给由组合物1.0-1.14中的任一种组成的宠物食品组合物。
2.10前述方法中的任一种的方法,其中有效量的组合物被给予所述犬科动物。
2.11前述方法中的任一种的方法,其中所述组合物被给予所述犬科动物持续有效量的时间。
2.12方法2.11的方法,其中所述组合物被给予所述犬科动物至产后至少一年或断奶后至少一年。
2.13前述方法中的任一种的方法,其中所述基因选自表2-15中列出的那些基因。
[0011]在进一步的方面,本发明涉及本发明的任何配方食品在制备如本文所述那样修饰动物的基因表达的组合物中的用途。
[0012]通过参考随后的实施例的详细描述,会理解本发明的其它特征和优点。
发明详述
[0013]期望本文描述的本发明不限于所述的特定方法、方案和试剂,因为这些都可能变化。还要理解,本文所用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方案,并不打算以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
[0014]除非另外定义,在此使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。另外,在此引用的所有参考文献通过参照全部结合到本文中。即使在本公开和所引用参考文献中的定义有矛盾,也以本公开为准。
[0015]如在此和所附权利要求中使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数意义,除非上下文另外明确地指明。
[0016]本发明涉及任何动物,优选地为哺乳动物,更优选地为陪伴动物。术语“陪伴动物”指生活与人密切相关的任何动物并且包括(但不限于)任何品种的犬和猫。然而,本文期待其饮食可由人控制的任何动物可从本文所公开的配方食物的喂养中得益。这些动物可包括例如饲养的农场动物(例如牛、马、猪等)以及关养例如在动物园等中的未驯化动物。优选的动物包括犬科动物,例如,狗,包括生长期的犬,例如,小狗。
[0017]如本文所用的″在基因表达方面的有益的修饰″包括,例如,向下调节与疾病状态有关的基因表达蛋白和/或向上调节如与适当的对照物比较而有益的或有益健康作用的基因表达蛋白,这可采用常规方法,例如,通过本领域技术人员熟悉的微阵列(例如,Affymetrix基因芯片)技术确定。而且,本领域技术人员熟悉疾病和如下文所提供的各表中所列的那些特定基因之间的关系,因此,能理解:希望增加或减少特定基因的表达。
[0018]根据动物的种类和品系,动物的“生长”生命阶段指从出生或断奶(约8周龄)至约1岁龄或以上的时期。
[0019]如本文所用的术语″小狗″指指未成熟的犬科动物,典型地介于出生至12个月龄之间。
[0020]如在此使用的“必需氨基酸”指不能被生物重新合成因而必须由膳食提供的那些氨基酸。本领域技术人员应该理解必需氨基酸在物种与物种之间各不相同,这取决于生物的代谢。例如,通常理解为对于狗和猫(及人)的必需氨基酸为苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸。
[0021]如由本领域技术人员理解的,“限制氨基酸”指如果膳食中存在量不足会导致限制其它必需氨基酸的有用性的氨基酸,即使其它必需氨基酸以足够大的量存在。赖氨酸为在此公开的组合物中的限制必需氨基酸。因此,剩余的必需氨基酸被定量配制或与对影响所需生物学效果关键的确定的赖氨酸量维持“平衡”关系。如在此使用的,“平衡氨基酸(balanced amino acid)”指以确保最佳动物生长和发育的必需氨基酸赖氨酸与能量的关系。
[0022]如在此使用的“必需营养素”指不能由身体合成的正常身体功能需要的营养素。必需营养素的种类包括维生素、膳食矿物质、脂肪酸和氨基酸。本领域技术人员应该理解,营养素被认为取决于生物的代谢而在物种与物种之间基本是变化的。例如,对于狗和猫的必需营养素包括维生素A、D、E、K、B1、B6、B12、核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸、钙、磷、镁、钠、钾、氯、铁、铜、锌、锰、硒和碘。胆碱,通常看作是B族复合维生素,可包含在半必需营养素中。此外,牛磺酸,尽管在学术上并非氨基酸而是半胱氨酸的衍生物,但仍是猫必需的营养素。
[0023]肉毒碱,也称为L-肉毒碱(左卡尼汀),为自氨基酸赖氨酸和甲硫氨酸合成的季铵化合物并负责将脂肪酸从胞液输送进线粒体。
[0024]不受任何理论或特定作用模式的限制,本发明基于惊人的发现,即向宠物食品组合物加入某些成分并给予动物这些组合物可促进生长期动物的发育。例如,数据表明,喂给本发明组合物的动物(或其雌亲在妊娠期间和断奶前饲料组合物,但是在其幼子的整个生长期继续喂给的那些动物)表现出强化的神经发育、骨和关节健康、免疫功能,并从整体上有更健康的身体构成。有趣的是,微阵列数据还表明,与对照组相比,这些动物的基因表达有不同的改变,这通常反映出在与包括涉及生长和发育的那些生物学过程有关的许多基因表达方面的有益修饰(即,向上或向下调节)。因此,一方面,如本文详述的那样,本发明涉及促进生长期动物发育的组合物和方法。
[0025]如在此期待的,本发明的组合物包含营养完全和平衡的动物饲料组合物。除其它营养素和成分之外,这类组合物还包含推荐的有益建康的量的蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪。“营养完全和平衡的动物饲料组合物”以及适合于动物饲料组合物的营养素和组分及其所推荐的量是本领域技术人员熟悉的(参见,例如,国立研究院,狗和猫的营养需要2006,国家学术出版社(National Academy Press),Washington D.C.或美国饲料质量委员会的正式出版物(the Official Publication of theAssociation of American Feed Control Officials,Inc),狗和猫的营养需要2006)。
[0026]在此期待在此公开的组合物也可包含以本领域技术人员熟悉的量和组合存在的抗氧剂、添加剂、稳定剂、增稠剂、矫味剂、增味剂和着色剂。“抗氧剂”指能够与自由基反应或减少自由基产生并中和其的物质。实例包括(但不限于)β-胡萝卜素、硒、辅酶Q10(泛醌)、黄体素、生育三烯酚、大豆异黄酮、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、谷胱甘肽、牛磺酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、维生素E、维生素D、维生素C、类黄酮(flavanoids)、花色素和硫辛酸。
[0027]尽管期待任何稠度(consistency)或水分含量的食物,优选地本发明的组合物可为例如湿的、半干或干的动物食物组合物。“湿的”食物指以罐或箔袋形式出售并具有约70%-90%水分含量的食物。“干的”食物指具有约5%-15%水分含量并通常以小片或粗粒形式制备的组合物。半干组合物指其水份大于干食品却小于湿食品的食品。在此也期待适中水分稠度的组合物和可包含具有不同稠度的组分以及可包含多于一种稠度的组分例如软的,耐嚼的肉样颗粒以及具有外层谷物组分和内层乳脂组分的粗粒的那些组合物。在此也期待如在例如美国专利6,517,877中描述的适中水分稠度的组合物和可包含具有不同稠度的组分以及可包含多于一种稠度的组分例如软的,耐嚼的肉样颗粒以及具有外层谷物组分和内层乳脂组分的粗粒的那些组合物。
[0028]可采用各种制备和包装本发明组合物的工艺,它们为本领域技术人员所熟悉。
[0029]本文还预期,本发明的方法包括对动物的基因表达产生有益调节的方法,具体说来,看情况,针对任何一种或多种生物状况、途径或疾病状况和表14-27中描述的基因,下调与不希望的生物状况或途径或疾病状态有关的一种或多种基因的表达和/或上调与想要的生物状况或途径有关的或可能对疾病状况有积极或预防作用的一个基因或多个基因的表达,包括给予动物,或者直接给予动物或者当动物在子宫内时给予其母亲有效量的本发明组合物。实际上,如下文实施例7和8中所讨论的那样,通过以基因组水平影响动物,给予,或者直接给予动物或者当动物在子宫内时给予其母亲本发明组合物,可通过影响表14-27中所列出的任何一种或多种基因的表达,对动物产生有益的,甚至是预防性的健康影响。例如,给予动物有效量的本发明组合物可通过下调与涉及关节炎的软骨和关节损伤有关的基因,例如,白细胞介素1-β、纤连蛋白、乳运铁蛋白(lactoransferrin)等(参见表14),促进动物的骨和关节健康。
[0030]本文预期,作为动物的整个健康计划的一部分,可单独作为完全的营养平衡膳食或与膳食补充品、维生素和/或本领域技术人员熟悉的其它营养有益的试剂一起给予动物本发明组合物。本发明组合物也可用作兽医治疗药品。这样,组合物本身可任选含有载体、稀释剂或赋形剂,它们对于针对用途的适用性为本领域技术人员所熟悉。
[0031]还预期,除给予,直接给予生长期动物,例如,给予生长期小狗或小猫本文所公开的组合物外,还可在动物仍在子宫里时,或当动物仍是幼仔时,给予动物的母亲所述组合物。
[0032]以下实施例进一步阐明本发明并且不打算限制本发明。如全文所使用的,范围被用做描述该范围内每一个和各个值的简写。所述范围内的任何值可选作范围的端值。应该理解当描述配方食物时,它们可如本领域常见的那样,根据其组分进行描述,尽管在实际配方中的这些组分可在其制备、贮存和使用时相互反应,并且这样的产物打算包含在所描述的配方食品中。
[0033]以下实施例进一步描述和证实本发明范围内的例证性实施方案。给出实施例仅用于阐明并不构成对本发明的限制,因为许多变化是可能的而不背离其精神和范围。除了在此显示和描述的那些以外,本发明的多种修饰对本领域技术人员应是显而易见的并且打算落入所附的权利要求书的范围内。
[0034]除非另外说明了范围,本说明书中所用的百分比都是基于干物质基础的重量百分比。短语″干物质基础″指除去组合物中的任何水分之后的组合物中的组分浓度。
实施例
实施例1
犬遗传效应:妊娠至一岁
[0035]为描述喂给为促进生长期动物发育而配制的组合物的基因型效应的特征,进行实验以区别喂给表1中所公开的组合物的一岁小狗与雌亲之间在基因表达方面的变化。
表1.用于本研究的食品的经分析营养素分布的平均值
营养素,100%干物质基础 | 组合物H | 组合物P |
水份,% | 6.09 | 7.44 |
粗蛋白,% | 29.4 | 27.9 |
脂肪,% | 17.6 | 14.2 |
Ca,% | 1.43 | 1.46 |
P,% | 1.2 | 0.96 |
EPA,% | 0.31 | <0.01 |
DHA% | 0.19 | 0.01 |
亚油酸,% | 3.8 | 2.14 |
总n-3脂肪酸,% | 1.4 | 0.19 |
总n-6脂肪酸,% | 3.7 | 2.6 |
牛磺酸,% | 0.14 | 0.08 |
肉毒碱,ppm | 312.1 | 未分析 |
甲硫氨酸,% | 1.3 | 0.52 |
胱氨酸,% | 0.4 | 0.39 |
锰,% | 94.5 | 64 |
维生素E,IU/kg | 816 | 43.8 |
维生素C,ppm | 168.6 | <10 |
胆碱,ppm | 4876 | 未分析 |
[0036]组合物P是通过商业途径得到的狗粮。组合物H是实验性狗粮组合物。
[0037]妊娠前,雌犬喂组合物H或组合物P至少10天。雌犬保持群居,直到经触诊确认妊娠,再移至产房。对雌犬所生小狗持续喂养与曾喂给雌犬的相同食品直到1岁(包括断奶前和断奶后时期)。再根据常规方法,从小狗取血样并分离mRNA。根据常规方法,用Affymetrix犬-2基因芯片进行微阵列分析。
[0038]下表表示按表达功能和方向分组的基因,其中组合物H(″H″)对比组合物P(″P″)的上调表明,用组合物H喂小狗比用组合物P喂小狗的基因表达有所增加。同样,用组合物H喂小狗对比组合物P喂小狗的基因下调表明,相对于用组合物P喂的那些小狗,用组合物H喂的小狗的基因表达有所下降。
表2.与涉及骨和关节的关节炎/炎症有关的基因
表3.与DNA复制和修复有关的基因
表4.与癌症有关的基因
表5.与细胞调和有关的基因
表6.与细胞装配有关的基因
表7.与细胞周期调节有关的基因
表8.与各种功能有关的基因
表8(续)
注释 探针 H与P比较
免疫球蛋白μ重链 CfaAffx.539.1.S1_x_at 向上
起始识别复合物,亚单位1-类 Cfa.8552.1.A1_s_at 向上
来自4的RP11-653G16 CfaAffx.15773.1.S1_at 向上
异常梭形小头畸形相关蛋白 Cfa.103.1.A1_s_at 向上
溶质载体家族22 Cfa.10558.2.S1_at 向上
BCSynL32免疫球蛋白λ轻链 CfaAffx.346.1.S1_at 向上
嘌呤能受体P2Y,偶合G-蛋白10 Cfa.1521.1.S1_at 向上
含1DEP结构域 CfaAffx.31279.1.S1_at 向上
染色体17,克隆RP11-160L11 Cfa.16355.1.S1_at 向上
假定蛋白LOC644115 Cfa.15220.2.A1_at 向上
分离MRPS17P1线粒体
核糖体蛋白S17 Cfa.12402.1.S1_s_at 向上
KIAA0101(L5) CfaAffx.26141.1.S1_s_at 向上
染色体13开放阅读框3 CfaAffx.11656.1.S1_at 向上
SHC SH2-结构域结合蛋白1 CfaAffx.6499.1.S1_at 向上
CDC20细胞分裂周期20同系物 CfaAffx.8850.1.S1_s_at 向上
染色体14开放阅读框32 CfaAffx.23135.1.S1_s_at 向上
3-氧代酰基-ACP合酶,线粒体 Cfa.10049.1.A1_s_at 向上
MAD2有丝分裂阻滞缺陷类1 CfaAffx.25205.1.S1_s_at 向上
含硫氧还蛋白结构域的5 Cfa.10753.1.A1_at 向上
α微管蛋白 Cfa.6991.1.A1_at 向上
无 CfaAffx.32.1.S1_at 向上
黑色素浓集激素受体1 Cfa.6032.1.A1_at 向上
水通道蛋白(Aquaporin)7 Cfa.21549.1.S1_s_at 向上
组织蛋白酶E CfaAffx.15966.1.S1_at 向上
含EF手结构域(C-末端)的2 Cfa.1885.1.A1_at 向上
骨形态发生蛋白6 Cfa.15702.1.S1_at 向上
血红蛋白,α2 Cfa.3973.2.A1_s_at 向上
SH3-域GRB2-类3 Cfa.10644.1.A1_at 向上
酸性核磷蛋白32家族成员A Cfa.31.1.S1_s_at 向上
无 CfaAffx.20953.1.S1_x_at 向上
Rh家族,B糖蛋白 Cfa.13613.1.A1_at 向上
假定蛋白STRF8 CfaAffx.15063.1.S1_s_at 向上
脂肪酸去饱和酶1 Cfa.13257.1.A1_at 向上
配体依赖核受体辅阻遏物类 Cfa.1476.1.A1_at 向上
F-箱式唯一蛋白2 CfaAffx.9335.1.S1_at 向上
无名指蛋白152 Cfa.15414.1.A1_at 向上
免疫球蛋白λ常数1 CfaAffx.22878.1.S1_at 向上
G-蛋白偶合受体158 Cfa.9162.1.A1_at 向上
假定蛋白MGC42105 CfaAffx.28387.1.S1_at 向上_
[0039]得到并比较喂组合物H和P的小狗的基因表达图。结果表明,在各研究小组之间,143种基因表达有所不同,而且,一般说来,它们的功能可能涉及细胞装配、细胞周期调节、DNA复制和修复、细胞调和、关节炎和癌症。在两组中,143种基因以最小1.5倍的差距而被不同表达。
[0040]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与关节炎/炎症有关的基因被下调,这表明减少了原型小狗的软骨/关节损伤。单独进行的研究也表明,喂组合物H的小狗的骨碱性磷酸酶水平更低(未显示数据)。参见表2。
[0041]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与DNA片段有关的基因被下调,而与DNA过程加工有关的基因被上调,这表明减少了原型小狗的DNA损伤和改善其DNA保护(也受到血液中升高的维生素E水平的支持,未显示数据)。参见表3。
[0042]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与癌症发生有关的基因被下调,而与肿瘤抑制有关的基因被上调,这表明可能减少这些原型动物癌症易感性;参见表4。
[0043]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与细胞调和有关的基因被下调,而与细胞完整性有关的基因被上调,这表明可能减少这些原型动物细胞损伤并加强其细胞保护(还受到血液中升高的维生素E的支持,未显示数据)。参见表5。
[0044]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与细胞装配瓦解有关的基因被下调,而与适当的细胞组织有关的基因被上调,这表明改善了原型小狗的细胞组织和功能。参见表6。
[0045]与喂组合物P的小狗相比,喂组合物H的小狗的与适当的细胞周期调节有关的基因被上调,而与细胞周期控制崩溃有关的基因被下调,这表明适当控制了细胞周期进程和细胞存活。参见表7。
[0046]因此,本文预期,如本文所述的本发明组合物的营养益处可能涉及基因表达的修饰,这导致生长期动物的发育的增强。此外,在早期发育期间喂给适当的营养素可能有预防作用并影响生命后期的疾病进程,即,减少动物的患病机会,因为,由于母体和早期发育期间提供的食物的给定营养组合物,与常见疾病和障碍有关的基因的表达可能受到影响。
实施例2
[0047]进行实验,以确定对从断奶直到一岁喂给组合物H(与喂给组合物P对比)的小狗的基因表达的影响。
[0048]用于本研究的雌犬在妊娠前和妊娠期间喂给组合物P。断奶后,小狗们被分成两组,并提供组合物H或维持组合物P,直到一岁。根据常规方法,对小狗取血样并分离mRNA。根据常规方法,采用Affymetrix犬-2基因芯片,进行微阵列分析。
[0049]结果表明,在两个研究小组之间,99种基因表达有所不同并呈现于表9-15中。例如,在所鉴定的基因中,许多涉及生物功能或途径,例如,免疫激活,脂质代谢,心血管发育,骨骼和肌肉障碍、收缩和功能和细胞调和和癌症。
表9.与免疫激活有关的基因
表10.与癌形成有关的基因
表11.与脂质代谢有关的基因
表12.与心血管发育有关的基因
表13.与骨骼/肌肉障碍和收缩/功能有关的基因
表14.与细胞调和有关的基因
表15.与各种功能有关的基因
表15(续)
组织蛋白酶L CfaAffx.2868.1.S1_at 向下
转录延伸因子A,1 Cfa.12580.1.S1_s_at 向下
磷脂酰肌醇聚糖(glypican)6 Cfa.9523.1.A1_at 向下
假定蛋白FLJ21062 Cfa.1933.2.A1_at 向下
G-蛋白偶合受体101 CfaAffx.12632.1.S1_at 向下
富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2 CfaAffx.15613.1.S1_s_at 向下
前列腺6跨膜上皮细胞抗原2 Cfa.9430.1.A1_at 向下
KIAA1074蛋白质 Cfa.12143.1.A1_at 向下
LOC284395 Cfa.4802.1.S1_at 向下
弹性蛋白微纤丝接口2 CfaAffx.28185.1.S1_at 向下
硫酸酯酶2 CfaAffx.17034.1.S1_s_at 向下
含IBR结构域的2 Cfa.1882.1.A1_at 向下
亮氨酰/胱氨酰氨肽酶 CfaAffx.12483.1.S1_s_at 向下
酰基转移酶类1 CfaAffx.14833.1.S1_at 向下
NAD激酶 CfaAffx.29324.1.S1_at 向下
免疫球蛋白重常数α2 Cfa.4556.3.A1_x_at 向下
转录因子EC(TFEC),
转录剪接体2 Cfa.1175.1.A1_s_at 向下
酰基-CoA合成酶短链家族成员1 CfaAffx.12483.1.S1_at 向下
突触融合蛋白(Syntaxin)
结合蛋白6 Cfa.9054.1.A1_at 向下
阿片生长因子受体类1 Cfa.583.1.S1_at 向下
无 Cfa.10106.1.A1_at 向下
无 Cfa.4556.3.A1_s_at 向下
ELK/RAB6-相互作用/CAST
家族成员2 Cfa.21214.1.S1_at 向下
adipsin/补体因子D前体 Cfa.21381.1.S1_s_at 向下
假定蛋白FLJ22662 CfaAffx.20271.1.S1_at 向下
溶质载体家族2
(易化性葡萄糖转运蛋白),成员9 Cfa.7132.1.A1_at 向下
尿黑酸1,2双加氧酶 CfaAffx.9076.1.S1_s_at 向下
丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂肽酶抑制剂,
进化支B(卵清蛋白),成员10 CfaAffx.1043.1.S1_s_at 向下
无 Cfa.13203.1.S1_at 向下
纤维蛋白原类2 CfaAffx.7369.1.S1_s_at 向下
无 Cfa.12500.1.A1_at 向下
无 Cfa.4556.2.S1_s_at 向下
无 Cfa.4555.1.S1_s_at 向下
无 Cfa.280.1.S1_at 向下
淋巴细胞抗原6 CfaAffx.1839.1.S1_at 向下
神经元PAS结构域蛋白3 Cfa.12905.1.A1_a_at 向下
[0050]得到喂给组合物H或P的从断奶至一岁铃的小狗的基因表达图并进行比较。微阵列数据表明,两个研究小组之间的99种基因以最小1.5倍改变的差距不同地表达。
[0051]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的与免疫激活有关的基因被下调,这表明免疫系统功能被改善(表9)。
[0052]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的与脂质代谢有关的基因被下调,这表明减少了脂质处理(表11)。
[0053]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的与心血管发育有关的基因也被下调,这表明增强了心血管健康(表12)。
[0054]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的与骨骼肌肉障碍有关的基因被下调,而与肌肉收缩/功能有关的基因被上调,这表明减少了骨骼障碍的风险并改善了肌肉收缩(表13)。
[0055]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的与细胞调和有关的基因被下调,这表明减少了细胞损伤(表14)。
[0056]当与喂给组合物P的小狗相比时,喂给组合物H的小狗的已知与癌症有关的基因被下调,这可提示降低了癌易感性(表10)。
[0057]如上所讨论的那样,例如这些遗传数据表明,本发明组合物的营养益处包括对动物的基因表达的有益的修饰,以致总体上促进动物的发育。此外,由于抑制了涉及疾病的基因表达和/或增加了起预防疾病作用的基因表达,基因表达的有益修饰也可使动物疾病的发生率下降。
Claims (23)
1.一种宠物食品组合物,其包含:
约5-约70%蛋白质,
约0.5-约1.6%甲硫氨酸,
约50-约200ppm锰,
约0.1-约0.5%DHA,
约0.1-约0.7%EPA,
约1200-约7500ppm胆碱,
约1000-约2000ppm牛磺酸,
约2.5-约6%亚油酸,
约1-约3%总n-3脂肪酸,
约50-约1200IU/kg维生素E,
约50-约500ppm维生素C,
约50-约500ppm肉毒碱,和
约2.5-约7g赖氨酸/1000kcal。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其包含:
0-约90%重量的碳水化合物;
约20%-约60%重量的蛋白质;
约2%-约50%重量的脂肪;
约0.1%-约20%重量的总膳食纤维;和
0-约15%重量的维生素、矿物质和其它营养素。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其包含约0.1%-约0.4%DHA。
4.前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其包含约100ppm-约500ppm肉毒碱。
5.前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其包含约2.5g/1000kcal-约7g/1000kcal赖氨酸。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其包含约0.1%-约0.6%EPA。
7.前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其包含约50ppm-约150ppm锰。
8.前述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其包含约0.8%-约1.6%甲硫氨酸。
9.一种调节犬科动物的基因表达的方法,其包括给予所述犬科动物权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述犬科动物是小狗。
11.权利要求9或10的方法,其中所述犬科动物出生于在妊娠期间喂给权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物的雌狗。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述小狗在子宫内。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中的雌狗在妊娠前喂给权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
14.权利要求11或13的方法,其中的雌狗在大部分妊娠期间喂给权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
15.权利要求11-14中任一项的方法,其中的雌狗在妊娠前和妊娠期间喂给基本由权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物组成的组合物。
16.权利要求9-15中任一项的方法,其中的小狗在断奶前喂给权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
17.权利要求9-16中任一项的方法,其中的小狗在断奶后喂给权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中的小狗喂给由权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物组成的食品组合物。
19.权利要求9-18中任一项的方法,其中有效量的组合物被给予所述犬科动物。
20.权利要求9-19中任一项的方法,其中所述组合物被给予所述犬科动物持续有效量的时间。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中所述组合物被给予所述犬科动物至产后至少一年或断奶后至少一年。
22.权利要求9-21中任一项的方法,其中所述基因选自列于表2-15中的那些基因。
23.一种在动物中产生表14-27中提供的任何一种或多种基因的表达的有益修饰的方法,用于表14-27中描述的任何一种或多种生物状况、路径或疾病状态,该方法包括给予所述动物,或者直接给予所述动物,或者当所述动物在子宫内时,给予该动物的母亲,有效量的权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物。
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CN103458891A (zh) * | 2011-04-13 | 2013-12-18 | 味之素株式会社 | 营养组合物 |
US10136669B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2018-11-27 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for decreasing visceral fat or increasing energy consumption |
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