JP2010509772A - エネルギー囲み障壁に埋設された量子ドットを有する中間バンド感光性デバイス - Google Patents
エネルギー囲み障壁に埋設された量子ドットを有する中間バンド感光性デバイス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2005年12月16日提出の米国出願第11/304,713号(係属中)の一部継続出願であり、その内容は参照によってここに組み入れる。
クレームした発明の一部は、以下の一以上の団体に代わっておよび/または連携して、プリンストン大学、南カリフォルニア大学およびグローバルフォトニックエネルギーコーポレーションの大学−企業間協力研究の合意によってなされた。クレームした発明の残りの部分は、以下の一以上の団体に代わっておよび/または連携して、ミシガン大学、南カリフォルニア大学およびグローバルフォトニックエネルギーコーポレーションの大学−企業間協力研究の合意によってなされた。この合意はクレームした発明の各部分のなされる前およびなされた日に有効であり、クレームした発明はこの合意の範囲の活動の結果なされたものである。
本発明は全般に感光性光電子デバイスに関する。より詳細には、本発明は無機半導体マトリックス中の中間バンドを提供する無機量子ドットを有する中間バンド感光性光電子デバイスに関する。
本発明のデバイスは、第一半導体材料の複数層および第一電極と第二電極との間に積層されて配置された囲みドット障壁(dots−in−a−fence barrier)を含む。各囲みドット障壁は、第一半導体材料の各二層間に直接接触して積層して配置される。各囲みドット障壁は、実質的に第三半導体材料の二層の間に直接接触して埋設された複数の第二半導体材料の量子ドットからなる。各量子ドットは、第一半導体材料の隣接する層の伝導バンド端と価電子バンド端との間のエネルギーの少なくとも一の量子状態を供給する。複数の量子ドットの少なくとも一の量子状態の波動関数は、少なくとも一の中間バンドとして重なっている。第三半導体材料の層は、第一半導体材料の層中の第一電子および/または第一正孔が各量子ドット中の第二材料に到達する量子力学的トンネル透過を行うために要求されるトンネル障壁として配置される。第三半導体材料の層は、第一半導体材料の層中の第二電子および/または第二正孔が、量子ドットを通ることなく、第一半導体材料の他の層に到達する量子力学的トンネル透過を行うために要求されるトンネル障壁として配置される。第一半導体材料および第三半導体材料の格子定数は、欠陥の発生を避けるために好ましくは十分に近いものである(例えば、|Δa/a|<1%)。より好ましくは、第三半導体材料は、第一半導体材料と格子整合している。
太陽電池の性能を向上するために検討されている一つの方法は、太陽電池のバンドギャップ中に、中間バンドを生成するために量子ドットを用いることである。量子ドットは電荷キャリア(電子、正孔および/または励起子)を、離散化した量子エネルギー状態に三次元的に閉じ込める。各量子ドットの断面の寸法は、典型的には数百オングストロームのオーダーであるかまたはそれより小さい。中間バンド構造は、他の方法のうちでも、ドット間の波動関数の重なりによって区別し得る。「中間」バンドは、重なった波動関数により形成された連続するミニバンドである。波動関数は重なっているが、隣り合うドットどうしに物理的接触はない。
Claims (19)
- 第一電極及び第二電極;
第一電極と第二電極との間に積層され堆積された複数の第一半導体材料の層;および、
複数の囲みドット障壁(dots−in−a−fence barrier)、各囲みドット障壁は実質的に第三半導体材料の二層の間に直接接触して埋設された複数の第二半導体材料の量子ドットからなり、ここで、各囲みドット障壁は第一半導体材料の層の各二層間に直接接触して積層して堆積される、を含み、
ここで、各量子ドットは、隣接する第一半導体材料の層の伝導バンド端と価電子バンド端との間のエネルギーの少なくとも一の量子状態を供給し、複数の量子ドットの前記少なくとも一の量子状態の波動関数は、少なくとも一の中間バンドとして重なり、
第三半導体材料の層は、第一材料の層中の第一電子および/または第一正孔が各量子ドット中の第二材料に到達する量子力学的トンネル透過を行うために、かつ、第一半導体材料の層中の第二電子および/または第二正孔が第一半導体材料の他の層に到達する量子力学的トンネル透過を行うために、要求されるトンネル障壁として配置される、デバイス。 - 第三半導体材料が第一半導体材料と格子整合している請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 第一半導体材料がGaAsであり、第二半導体材料がInAsであり、第三半導体材料が、x>0であるAlxGa1−xAsである請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 各InAs量子ドットが、2nm≦R≦10nmである平均の横方向断面2Rおよび高さlを有し;
各AlxGa1−xAs層が、0.1R≦t≦0.3Rである厚さtを有し;かつ
二の囲みドット障壁の間に堆積された各GaAs層が、2nm≦d≦10nmである厚さdを有する請求項3に記載のデバイス。 - 各囲みドット障壁間の量子ドット単位セルの周期が、2R≦L≦2R+2nmであるLであり;
隣接する囲みドット障壁中の量子ドット単位セルの周期が、Lz=l+d+tであるLzである請求項4に記載のデバイス。 - 6nm≦R≦8nmである請求項4に記載のデバイス。
- 平方センチメートル当たり量子ドットが1010〜1012存在する請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- 複数のGaAs層の第一電極に最も近い第一層がnドープされ、複数のGaAs層の第二電極に最も近い第二層がpドープされ、複数のGaAs層の他の層が真性である請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与えるInAsのバンドギャップより上の量子状態を含む請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与えるInAsのバンドギャップより下の量子状態を含む請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 第一半導体材料がInPであり、第二半導体材料がInAsであり、第三半導体材がAl0.48In0.52Asである請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 各InAs量子ドットが、2nm≦R≦12nmである平均の横方向断面2Rおよび高さlを有し;
各Al0.48In0.52As層が、0.1R≦t≦0.3Rである厚さtを有し;かつ
二の囲みドット障壁の間に堆積された各InP層が、2nm≦d≦12nmである厚さdを有する請求項11に記載のデバイス。 - 各囲みドット障壁中の量子ドット単位セルの周期が、2R≦L≦2R+2nmであるLであり;
隣接する囲みドット障壁内の量子ドット単位セルの周期が、Lz=l+d+tであるLzである請求項12に記載のデバイス。 - 複数のInP層の第一電極に最も近い第一層がnドープされ、複数のInP層の第二電極に最も近い第二層がpドープされ、複数のInP層の他の層が真性である請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与えるInAsのバンドギャップより上の量子状態を含む請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与えるInAsのバンドギャップより下の量子状態を含む請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 複数の第一半導体材料の層の第一電極に最も近い第一層がnドープされ、複数の第一半導体材料の層の第二電極に最も近い第二層がpドープされ、複数の第一半導体材料の層の他の層が真性である請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与える第二半導体材料のバンドギャップより上の量子状態を含む請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 各量子ドット中の上記少なくとも一の量子状態が、中間バンドを与える第二半導体材料のバンドギャップより下の量子状態を含む請求項1に記載のデバイス。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/598,006 US7750425B2 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-11-13 | Intermediate-band photosensitive device with quantum dots embedded in energy fence barrier |
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JPWO2012173162A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-13 | 2015-07-30 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 量子ナノドット、二次元量子ナノドットアレイ及びこれを用いた半導体装置並びに製造方法 |
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JP2013065667A (ja) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-04-11 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 量子ドット太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
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Also Published As
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EP2084755A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
CN101622718B (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
JP5584339B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
WO2008147392A3 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
WO2008147392A2 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
KR101352654B1 (ko) | 2014-01-17 |
JP2014013927A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
EP2084755B1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
CN101622718A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
KR20090089347A (ko) | 2009-08-21 |
TWI427803B (zh) | 2014-02-21 |
TW200840062A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
US20070151592A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US7750425B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
JP5513891B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
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