JP5582638B2 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5582638B2 JP5582638B2 JP2010039816A JP2010039816A JP5582638B2 JP 5582638 B2 JP5582638 B2 JP 5582638B2 JP 2010039816 A JP2010039816 A JP 2010039816A JP 2010039816 A JP2010039816 A JP 2010039816A JP 5582638 B2 JP5582638 B2 JP 5582638B2
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 251
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 140
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 136
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 136
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021423 nanocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003893 relativistic quantum mechanic Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001667 episodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23C14/228—Gas flow assisted PVD deposition
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- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/28—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
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- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
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Description
本発明のシリコンクラスター太陽電池のデバイスについて説明する。本発明で導入した
シリコンクラスター技術によって、粒径2−2.5nmに微細化したμ−SiNクラスターを利用した実用的な太陽電池を製作するために必要な設計指針を述べる本実施例1は、前記技術課題2及び技術課題3をも解決するものである。
本発明の実施例2は、実施例1にさらにパッシベーション膜を設けていることを特徴とする。図7を参照して実施例2を以下説明する。図7は、本実施例2のデバイス構成を示す図である。図4に示すように、本実施例2のデバイスは、ガラス基板21と、取り出し電極22と、透明電極23と、P型微結晶シリコン24と、パッシベーション膜25と、シリコンクラスター(μ−SiN)の量子ドット26と、N型アモルファスシリコン若しくはN型微結晶シリコン27と、電極28とを備える。代表的には、実施例2のデバイス構成として、ガラス基板21上に、先ずAg取り出し電極22を電極表面が露出するように埋め込み、その上にITO等の透明電極23を蒸着する。次にP型微結晶シリコン(p−Si、厚さ10nm)24、パッシベーション膜(graphene single layer)25、粒径1−3nmに微細化したシリコンクラスター(μ−SiN)の量子ドット(100−300層)26、N型アモルファスシリコン(a−Si)若しくはN型微結晶シリコン(p−Si)27(厚さ1μm)を積層した後、最後にAl裏面電極(接地電極)28を蒸着する。
2、22 取り出し電極(Ag)
3、23 透明電極(ITO)
4、24 P型多結晶シリコン(p−Si)
5、26 シリコンクラスター層(μ−SiN量子ドット)
6、27 N型アモルファス層(a−Si)又はN型多結晶層(p−Si)
7、18 電極(Al)
10 Si標的試料
11 試料の蒸発(プルーム)
12、19 真空排気
13 反射衝撃波
14 クラスター生成領域
15 楕円形状セル
16 Siクラスタービーム
17 スキマー
18 基板試料
20 レーザー光
25 パッシべーション層
μ−SiN 微細化シリコンクラスター
xP P層の厚み
NA acceptor密度
ECP P層伝導帯バンドエッジ
EVP P層価電子帯バンドエッジ
xN N層の空乏層の厚み
ND donor密度
ECN N層伝導帯バンドエッジ
EVN N層価電子帯バンドエッジ
W 空乏層の厚み(W=xP+xN)
xS μ−SiNクラスター層の積層厚み
ΔES μ−SiNクラスター層のバンドギャップエネルギー
εm 空乏層内にかかる最大電場
Claims (6)
- P型シリコン層と、
前記P型シリコン層上に設けられたグラフェン層と、
前記グラフェン層上に設けられ、価電子帯のエネルギー準位と伝導帯のエネルギー準位との間の中間エネルギー準位を有する多重エネルギー準位構造を備えた量子ドット層と、
前記量子ドット層上に設けられたN型シリコン層とを備え、
前記量子ドット層は、クラスター粒径をケージ構造からダイヤモンド構造に移行する1−3nmにして、内部にダイヤモンド構造を持たせ、表層にケージ構造を形成するシリコン量子ドットで構成し、該シリコン量子ドット間距離を1nm以下に周期配列して、クラスターの波動関数の重なりによりバンド構造が形成され、クラスター表層電子の波数の広がりによって、クラスター層のキャリアを該バンド構造に沿って直接移動せしめることを特徴とする太陽電池。 - P型シリコン層と、
N型シリコン層と、
前記P型シリコン層と前記N型シリコン層との間に設けられ、価電子帯のエネルギー準位と伝導帯のエネルギー準位との間の中間エネルギー準位を有する多重エネルギー準位構造を備えた、シリコンクラスターからなる量子ドット層と、
前記量子ドット層と前記P型シリコン層との間に設けられたグラフェン層とを備えることを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 前記量子ドット層は、前記シリコンクラスターの層を300層以下積層したものからなり、厚さ1μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の太陽電池。
- 太陽電池の製造方法であって、
P型シリコン層を形成することと、
前記P型シリコン層上にグラフェン層を形成することと、
前記グラフェン層上に、価電子帯のエネルギー準位と伝導帯のエネルギー準位との間の中間エネルギー準位を有する多重エネルギー準位構造を備える量子ドット層を、クラスター粒径をケージ構造からダイヤモンド構造に移行する1−3nmにして、内部にダイヤモンド構造を持たせ、表層にケージ構造を形成するシリコン量子ドットで構成し、該シリコン量子ドット間距離を1nm以下に周期配列して、クラスターの波動関数の重なりによりバンド構造を形成することと、
前記量子ドット層上にN型シリコン層を形成することとを含む、太陽電池の製造方法。 - 太陽電池の製造方法であって、
P型シリコン層を形成することと、
前記P型シリコン層上にグラフェン層を形成することと、
前記グラフェン層上に、価電子帯のエネルギー準位と伝導帯のエネルギー準位との間の中間エネルギー準位を有する多重エネルギー準位構造を備える量子ドット層を、シリコンクラスターからなるシリコン量子ドットを周期配列して形成することと、
前記量子ドット層上にN型シリコン層を形成することとを含む、太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記量子ドット層は、不活性ガスが層流状態で供給されるセルに設けたシリコンをレーザーによって蒸発させ、該蒸気と前記層流とが接する面に該蒸気と不活性ガスとの混合領域を形成させ、前記層流中に発生させた衝撃波を該混合領域と衝突させることによって該混合領域を局所空間に閉じ込めてクラスターを生成する手段によってシリコンクラスターを生成し、前記層流が該衝撃波の衝突によって圧縮され、前記層流の真空中への流出速度が自由膨張速度の少なくとも4倍以上、最大でシリコンクラスターの原子当りの運動エネルギーに換算してシリコンクラスターの結合エネルギー未満である高速度で以って前記生成シリコンクラスターを輸送し、真空中において該シリコンクラスターを解離させることのない高エネルギーで基板と衝突させて蒸着する成膜方法によって、形成することを特徴
とする請求項4または5記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
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TWI493739B (zh) | 2013-06-05 | 2015-07-21 | Univ Nat Taiwan | 熱載子光電轉換裝置及其方法 |
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