JP2010239690A - 無線電力供給システム、無線電力供給方法 - Google Patents
無線電力供給システム、無線電力供給方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/39—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer with position-responsive activation of primary coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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Abstract
【解決手段】送電コイル12と受電コイル22との結合強度κが最大となる位置決め制御を行うことができる。実施の形態にかかる無線電力供給システムの位置決め方法は、機械的ガイドや光学センサー等を用いるよりも直接的な手法であり、より精密な位置決め制御を行うことが可能となる。
【選択図】図5
Description
〔1.無線電力供給システムの構成〕
無線電力供給システムの方式として、電磁誘導方式、電波方式、磁界共鳴方式がある。電磁誘導方式は、大きな電力を伝送可能である反面、送電距離を長くすることが困難である。一方、電波方式は、送電距離を長くできる反面、伝送可能な電力を大きくすることが困難である。磁界共鳴方式は、電力の送電距離を電磁誘導方式よりも長くすることができるとともに、電波方式よりも大きな電力を伝送可能である。
送電コイル1は、図示しない電力供給コイルから、電磁誘導により電力が供給される。送電コイル1と電力供給コイルは、電磁誘導により電力が供給できる程度の近距離に配置する。送電コイル1と電力供給コイルとを電磁誘導を用いて無線接続する事で、電力供給コイルに接続する発振回路が電力供給コイルの共振特性に影響を及ぼしにくくなる。そのため、発振回路の設計自由度を向上させる事が可能となる。電力供給コイルは、図示しない電源に発振回路を介してケーブルで接続されており、発振回路から所定周波数の交流電力が供給される。以下、説明の簡略化のため、送電コイルに電気的に直接発振回路が接続してあり、送電コイルに電圧と電流で電力を入力するものとして実施例を説明する。送電コイル1に、送電コイル1及び受電コイル2の共振周波数と同一の共振周波数を有する電流(エネルギーE1)を入力することにより、送電コイル1の周辺に磁界が発生し、受電コイル2との間で共鳴現象が発生する。これにより、送電コイル1から受電コイル2へ電力を供給することができる。受電コイル2は、送電コイル1から供給された電力(エネルギーE2)を負荷へ供給することができる。
κ:単位時間当たりのエネルギー流の大きさ(共振コイル間の結合強度)
G1:送電コイル1の単位時間当たりのエネルギー損失
G2:受電コイル2の単位時間当たりのエネルギー損失
上記式2より、送電コイル1と受電コイル2との間のエネルギー送電効率を高めるためには、エネルギー損失G1及びG2を小さくし、かつ結合強度κを大きくすることが必要である。エネルギー損失G1及びG2は、送電コイル1及び受電コイル2の内部損失や放射損失を抑えることで、小さくすることができる。一方、結合強度κは、送電コイル1及び受電コイル2の形状や、送電コイル1及び受電コイル2の位置関係も大きく影響する。すなわち、コイル間の間隙寸法が大きくなるほど結合強度κは低下し、間隙寸法が小さくなるほど結合強度κは上昇する。また、両コイルの相対位置が、電力送電方向Aに対して交差する方向にずれた場合も、結合強度κは変動する。
なお、本実施形態では、一例として、送電コイル1と受電コイル2との結合強度κと、エネルギー損失Gとの関係κ/Gが1よりも大きい場合を「強結合状態」と定義し、κ/Gが1以下の場合を「弱結合状態」と定義する。
図5は、無線電力供給システムの一例である電気自動車の充電システムの模式図である。図5に示す充電システムは、電気自動車21に搭載されたバッテリー24の充電を行うことができるシステムである。
実施の形態にかかる無線電力供給システムによれば、送電コイル12に流れる電流を検出し、電流の角周波数特性において2カ所で振幅ピークを有する状態を検出することで、送電コイル12と受電コイル22との結合強度が最大となる位置決め制御を行うことができる。実施の形態にかかる無線電力供給システムの位置決め方法は、機械的ガイドや光学センサー等を用いるよりも直接的な手法であり、より精密な位置決め制御を行うことが可能となる。
2 受電コイル
10 送電装置
11 送電部
12 送電コイル
14 電流アンプ
15 電流検出素子
16 電流検出回路
17 制御回路
18 送電波形生成回路
20 受電装置
21 電気自動車
22 受電コイル
23 受電部
Claims (6)
- 磁界共鳴を用いて電力を磁界エネルギーとして送出する送電コイルと、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間で磁界共鳴を生じさせる共振周波数で電力を供給する送電部とを備えた無線電力供給システムであって、
前記送電部は、
前記送電コイルに流れる電流を検出する検出部と、
前記送電コイルへの供給電力の周波数を制御する制御部と、
前記検出部で検出された電流および前記供給電力の周波数を用いて、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの結合強度を判定する判定部とを備えた、無線電力供給システム。 - 磁界共鳴を用いて前記電力を磁界エネルギーとして送出する送電コイルと、
前記送電コイルから送出される前記磁界エネルギーを受信して電力に変換する受電コイルと、
前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間で磁界共鳴を生じさせる共振周波数で電力を供給する送電部とを備えた無線電力供給システムであって、
前記送電部は、
前記送電コイルに流れる電流を検出する検出部と、
前記送電コイルへの供給電力の周波数を制御する制御部と、
前記検出部で検出された電流および前記供給電力の周波数を用いて、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの結合強度を判定する判定部とを備えた、無線電力供給システム。 - 前記判定部は、前記制御部が前記送電コイルへ供給する電力の周波数を掃引し、前記検出部で検出される前記送電コイルに流れる電流の振幅の周波数特性により、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの結合強度を判定する、請求項1または2記載の無線電力供給システム。
- 前記判定部は、前記制御部が前記送電コイルへ供給する電力の周波数を掃引し、前記検出部で検出される前記送電コイルに流れる電流と前記送電コイルへの供給電力との位相の周波数特性により、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの結合強度を判定する、請求項1または2記載の無線電力供給システム。
- 前記送電部は、前記判定部の判定結果に基づき、前記受電コイルを備えた装置へ指令信号を出力する、請求項1または2記載の無線電力供給システム。
- 磁界共鳴を用いて送電コイルから電力を磁界エネルギーとして送出し、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間で磁界共鳴を生じさせる共振周波数で電力を供給する無線電力供給方法であって、
前記送電コイルに流れる電流を検出し、
検出された電流の周波数により、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの結合強度を判定する、無線電力供給方法。
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US12/721,770 US8519569B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-11 | Wireless power supply system and wireless power supply method |
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Cited By (42)
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WO2012132413A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ | 電力伝送システム |
JP2013027081A (ja) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-02-04 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 電力伝送システム |
JP2013070444A (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-18 | Panasonic Corp | 非接触給電システム |
WO2013098975A1 (ja) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 富士通株式会社 | 無線電力供給装置、無線電力供給システム及び無線電力供給方法 |
DE112011103929T5 (de) | 2010-11-26 | 2013-08-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co.,Ltd. | Leistungssendevorrichtung und System zur drahtlosen Übertragung von Leistung, das diese enthält |
JP2013211932A (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 電力伝送システム |
US8742627B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-06-03 | Tdk Corporation | Wireless power feeder |
JP2014103754A (ja) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-06-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 電力伝送システムの電力効率制御方法及び電力効率制御プログラム |
CN103947079A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | 非接触供电装置及非接触供电系统 |
US8800738B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2014-08-12 | Tdk Corporation | Wireless power feeder and wireless power receiver |
US8829725B2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2014-09-09 | Tdk Corporation | Wireless power feeder, wireless power receiver, and wireless power transmission system |
WO2014207804A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-31 | 富士通株式会社 | 電力伝送装置、及び、電力伝送方法 |
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