JP2009533800A - ダウンタイム時の低温水素ボイルオフによる燃料電池の運転 - Google Patents
ダウンタイム時の低温水素ボイルオフによる燃料電池の運転 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009533800A JP2009533800A JP2009504171A JP2009504171A JP2009533800A JP 2009533800 A JP2009533800 A JP 2009533800A JP 2009504171 A JP2009504171 A JP 2009504171A JP 2009504171 A JP2009504171 A JP 2009504171A JP 2009533800 A JP2009533800 A JP 2009533800A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell power
- boil
- refrigerant
- anode
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000031070 response to heat Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 入口(15)および出口(30)を有するアノード(11)と、入口(51)および出口(55)を有するカソード(12)と、冷媒チャネル(13)と、を備えた複数の燃料セルを含む燃料電池スタック(10)と、
(a)冷媒アキュムレータ(60)、および該アキュムレータと前記冷媒チャネルとを通して冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環器(66)、もしくは(b)前記カソード(12)の前記出口(55)に連結された凝縮器(90)であって、この凝縮液が前記冷媒チャネル(13)と流体連通するとともに(60a,85)、冷却装置(92)を備えた凝縮器(90)、のいずれかと、
コントローラ(20)と、
熱の吸収に応じて気体水素を供給する液体の水素供給源(18,24)と、
前記供給源からの気体水素と前記アノードの入口との流体連結部(16〜19)と、
を備えた燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法であって、
前記液体の水素供給源からボイルオフした水素ガスに応じて電力および熱を発生させるように燃料ボイルオフ運転時に前記燃料電池発電装置の動作を制御し、
燃料ボイルオフ運転時に前記燃料電池スタックによって生成される電力に応じて、コントローラと、カソード空気ポンプと、(a)前記冷媒循環器もしくは(b)前記冷却装置のいずれかと、を作動させるステップを備えることを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。 - 前記燃料電池発電装置(9)のボイルオフ運転時に、前記アノード(11)の前記出口(30)からの排出物を触媒バーナ(48,48a)に供給するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記作動ステップが、前記冷媒循環器(66)の作動をさらに含み、前記燃料電池発電装置(9)のボイルオフ運転時に、前記カソード(12)の前記出口(55)および前記アノード(11)の前記出口(30)から触媒バーナ(48,48a)へ排出物を供給するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置(9)のボイルオフ運転時に、居住コンパートメント(82)に関連する暖房、換気および空調システム(80)に電力を供給するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記制御ステップは、前記居住コンパートメント(82)に関連する暖房、換気および空調システム(80)に前記電力を供給すると同時に、ボイルオフ運転時に乗物(79)内の前記燃料電池発電装置(9)を作動させることをさらに特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置(9)がボイルオフ状態下で作動しているときに、燃料セル電圧が約0.85Vを超えるのを防ぐような空気利用率を供給することをさらに特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 入口(15)および出口(30)を有するアノード(11)と、入口(51)および出口(55)を有するカソード(12)と、冷媒チャネル(13)と、を備えた複数の燃料セルを含む燃料電池スタック(10)と、
(a)冷媒アキュムレータ(60)、および該アキュムレータと前記冷媒チャネルとを通して冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環器(66)、もしくは(b)前記カソード(12)の前記出口(55)に連結された凝縮器(90)であって、この凝縮液が前記冷媒チャネル(13)と流体連通するとともに(60a,85)、冷却装置(92)を備えた凝縮器(90)、のいずれかと、
コントローラ(20)と、
熱の吸収に応じて気体水素を供給する液体の水素供給源(18,24)と、
前記供給源からの気体水素と前記アノードの入口との流体連結部(16〜19)と、
を備えた燃料電池発電装置(9)であって、
前記液体の水素供給源からボイルオフした水素ガスに応じて電力および熱を発生させるように燃料ボイルオフ運転時に前記燃料電池発電装置の動作を制御する手段と、燃料ボイルオフ運転時に前記燃料電池スタックによって生成される電力に応じて、コントローラと、カソード空気ポンプと、(a)前記冷媒循環器もしくは(b)前記冷却装置のいずれかと、を作動させる手段と、を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置(9)。 - 触媒バーナ(48,48a)と、
前記燃料電池発電装置のボイルオフ運転時に、前記アノード(11)の前記出口(30)から前記触媒バーナへ排出物を供給する手段と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)。 - 冷媒アキュムレータ(60)および冷媒循環器(66)を備えた燃料電池発電装置(9)が、
前記燃料電池発電装置のボイルオフ運転時に、前記カソード(12)の前記出口(55)および前記アノード(11)の前記出口(30)から触媒バーナ(48)へ排出物を供給する手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)。 - 排出装置(17)を備えるとともに、前記排出装置の第1の入口(42)が前記供給源(18,24)からの前記気体水素と連通し、前記排出装置の出口(43)が前記アノード入口(15)と連結し、前記排出装置の第2の入口(40)が前記アノード出口(30)と連結(31,32,34)することをさらに特徴とする請求項7に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置がボイルオフ状態下で作動するときに、ボイルオフ水素燃料ガスに応じて前記燃料電池発電装置を作動させ、コントローラ(20)と、カソード空気ポンプ(52)と、(a)冷媒循環器(66)および(b)凝縮器冷却装置(92)のうち少なくとも一つと、を作動させるように、発生する電力を用いることを特徴とする燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置における燃料電池のアノード(11)の排出物(30)を触媒バーナ(48,48a)に供給することをさらに特徴とする請求項11に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置における燃料電池のアノード(11)およびカソード(12)の排出物(30,55)を触媒バーナ(48,48a)に加えることをさらに特徴とする請求項11に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
- 前記燃料電池発電装置(9)がボイルオフ状態下で作動するときに、燃料セル電圧が約0.85Vを超えるのを防ぐような空気利用率を供給することをさらに特徴とする請求項11に記載の燃料電池発電装置(9)の作動方法。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |