SE2150460A1 - Hydrogen storage arrangement - Google Patents

Hydrogen storage arrangement

Info

Publication number
SE2150460A1
SE2150460A1 SE2150460A SE2150460A SE2150460A1 SE 2150460 A1 SE2150460 A1 SE 2150460A1 SE 2150460 A SE2150460 A SE 2150460A SE 2150460 A SE2150460 A SE 2150460A SE 2150460 A1 SE2150460 A1 SE 2150460A1
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
storage container
hydrogen
vehicle
storage
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
SE2150460A
Inventor
Christof Schneider
Pontus Svens
Robert Sjödin
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to SE2150460A priority Critical patent/SE2150460A1/en
Priority to CN202280024286.XA priority patent/CN117062729A/en
Priority to PCT/SE2022/050329 priority patent/WO2022220717A1/en
Priority to DE112022001428.8T priority patent/DE112022001428T5/en
Publication of SE2150460A1 publication Critical patent/SE2150460A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03026—Gas tanks comprising a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03032—Manufacturing of fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03052—Fuel tanks made of two balloons, one inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03072—Arrangements for reducing evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03105—Fuel tanks with supplementary interior tanks inside the fuel tank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0149—Vessel mounted inside another one
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A hydrogen storage arrangement (10) configured to store hydrogen for powering a vehicle (1). The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) comprises a first storage container (11) configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form and a second storage container (12) arranged to receive boil-off from the first storage container (11) and configured for metal hydride storage of hydrogen. The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) further comprises a valve device (14) configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container (11) when the second storage container (12) is not capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container (11).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates in general to a hydrogen storage arrangement configure to store hydrogen for powering a vehicle. The present disclosure further relates in general to a vehicle.
BACKGROUND ln the strive to reduce emissions, vehicles powered at least in part by hydrogen have gained a lot of attention. One example thereof is a fuel cell electric vehicle. Such a vehicle comprises a plurality of fuel cells, often referred to as a fuel cell stack, which creates electricity by an electrochemical process using hydrogen and oxygen. The surrounding atmosphere may be used as the source of oxygen. The electricity generated by the fuel cells is then used to power a propulsion unit of the vehicle in the form of an electrical machine. The emissions can in such a case be limited to only water. Hydrogen can also be used in vehicles driven by a combustion engine. ln such a case, the hydrogen can be used alone or in combination with other fuels. This may also reduce harmful emissions compared to a case of only using fuels such as diesel.
Hydrogen may be stored physically as either a gas or a liquid. More specifically, in the case of liquid form, hydrogen may be stored in pure liquid form or in cryo-compressed form. These solutions requires storage at very low temperatures, which also requires thermal insulation. However, no thermal insulation is perfect, and the hydrogen temperature may therefore increase after a period of time. This in turn increases the pressure in the storage container. When the maximum allowable pressure of the storage container is reached, hydrogen has to be released which is called boil-off. This boil-off ensures that the storage container will not fail and results in hydrogen being released without control into the atmosphere. Although not harmful to the surroundings, the boil-off results in some of the hydrogen being lost and thus negatively affects the range of travel of the vehicle until it has to be refueled. lf hydrogen is stored at low temperature without any cooling, it could be that all hydrogen will boil-off in a relatively short period of time. Thus, if a vehicle is at standstill over for example a weekend, there is a risk that the hydrogen storage system is essentially empty when the vehicle should be taken in operation again.
Another issue is that, for enabling a reasonable driving range of the vehicle before it must be refueled, the vehicle needs to comprise hydrogen storage containers which take up a lot of space on the vehicle. This may in turn reduce the space which can be made available for transporting goods or people.
Hydrogen may alternatively be stored by usage of solids, either by adsorption of hydrogen on surfaces of the solid or by absorption of hydrogen in such a solid. The most promising alternative for hydrogen storage in vehicle applications by usage of solids appears to be metal hydride storage. This type of storage does not suffer from the problem of boil-off, but increases the weight of the vehicle. Such an increase of weight means that more energy is needed for powering the vehicle, and therefore also negatively affects the driving range of the vehicle.
SUMMARY The object of the present invention is to increase the range a hydrogen powered vehicle may be operated.
The object is achieved by the subject-matter of the appended independent claim(s). ln accordance with the present disclosure, a hydrogen storage arrangement configured to store hydrogen for powering a vehicle is provided. The hydrogen storage arrangement comprises a first storage container configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form. The hydrogen storage arrangement further comprises a second storage container arranged to receive boil-off from the first storage container and configured for metal hydride storage of hydrogen. The hydrogen storage arrangement further comprises a first valve device configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container when the second storage container is not ca pa ble of receiving boil- off from the first storage container.
Hydrogen storage by usage of metal hydride enables more hydrogen to be stored per volume unit compared to storage of hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form. However, only using a metal hydride storage would unduly increase the weight of the vehicle. By means of the present hydrogen storage arrangement, hydrogen may be safely stored and loss of hydrogen due to boil-off significantly reduced, without unduly increasing the weight of the vehicle. This in turn increases the driving range of the vehicle.
More specifically, the present hydrogen storage arrangement enables hydrogen to be primarily stored in liquid or cryo-compressed form, but at the same time utilizes a metal hydride storage for storing possible boil-off from the first storage container. Thereby, the loss of hydrogen as a result of boil-off from the first storage container is minimized. The metal hydride is able to efficiently store hydrogen over a long period of time and essentially irrespectively of the temperature. Since the second storage container is arranged to receive boil-off from the first storage container, in contrast to being the primary storage of hydrogen, the size of the second storage container comprising metal hydride can easily be adapted to the specific needs of the vehicle (which may be defined for example by a vehicle customer requirement). Therefore, the advantage of more efficient hydrogen storage outweighs the disadvantage of additional weight caused by the second storage container comprising metal hydride. Moreover, the hydrogen storage arrangement ensures that some hydrogen remains in the hydrogen storage arrangement even if the vehicle has been at standstill for an extended period of time. At the same time, the present hydrogen storage arrangement provides a save solution as a result of the first valve device configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container in situations where the second storage container is not able to receive boil-off.
The first valve device may further be configured to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container to the second storage container. Thereby, the number of constituent components of the hydrogen storage arrangement may be reduced compared to if a separate valve device is used for releasing boil-off in situations where the second storage container is not capable of receiving boil- off.
The first storage container may have a cylindrical configuration. ln such a case, the second storage container may be arranged to extend around at least a portion of the cylindrical circumference of the first storage container. Thereby, an efficient use of the space available in the vehicle may be achieved, which also ena bles more hydrogen to be safely stored. This in turn increases the range of the vehicle. Furthermore, this may reduce the length the boil-off has to be transported from the first storage container to arrive at the second storage container, and thus reduces the length of conduits and therefore lower risk of loss of hydrogen due to potential failure of conduits.
The second storage container may have a rectangular outer cross-sectional shape. Such a shape inter alia enables a more efficient use of the space available in the vehicle. This in turn enables improved possibilities for storing hydrogen resulting from boil-off from the first storage container and thereby further improves the driving range of the vehicle. ln particular, when the first storage container has a cylindrical configuration and the second storage container is arranged to extend around at least a portion of the cylindrical circumference of the first storage container, this allows a second storage container having a rectangular outer cross-sectional shape to be arranged in a space that may not be easily used for other purposes. This may therefore enable a larger volume of the second storage container, without the risk of having to reduce the space available for transporting goods or people, and thus improved ability for hydrogen storage.
The second storage container may be arranged so as to encircle the first storage container at least along a longitudinal portion thereof. This enables an efficient use of the available space in the vehicle and therefore also enables the second storage container to have a larger volume, which in turn increases the ability to store hydrogen. Therefore, this may further improve the range of the vehicle.
The first valve device may comprise at least one electromechanical valve and/or at least one mechanical valve.
The hydrogen storage arrangement may further comprise a heat exchange circuit configured to recover eventual heat generated in the second storage container. When the second storage container receives boil-off from the first storage container, heat will be generated by the hydrogen adsorption on the metal hydride. When the hydrogen storage arrangement comprises a heat exchange circuit, the heat generated when the second storage container receives boil-off can be recovered and used for temperature control of other constituent components in the vehicle. This may in turn, depending on the constituent component, increase the range of the vehicle if used for controlling the operating temperature of such constituent components. For example, the range of the vehicle may be increased by accurate temperature control of an energy converter and/or an energy storage device. ln other situations, the generated heat may be used to increase the comfort for a driver of the vehicle. Furthermore, by removing the heat generated in the second storage container, the potential risk of such heat negatively affecting the temperature of hydrogen stored in the first storage container is minimized.
The heat exchange circuit may comprise a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a first fluid circulating in the heat exchange circuit and a second fluid circulating in a temperature control system of a constituent component of the vehicle when the hydrogen storage arrangement is arranged in the vehicle. Thereby, an efficient heat recovery may be achieved.
The heat exchange circuit may be configured to transfer heat generated in the second storage container to an energy converter or a propulsion unit of the vehicle when the hydrogen storage arrangement is arranged in the vehicle. Thereby, the temperature of the energy converter or the propulsion unit may be efficiently controlled to an appropriate working temperature, which in turn increases the range of the vehicle.
The hydrogen storage arrangement may further comprise a catalytic afterburner connected to the first storage device via the first valve device. Thereby, boil-off from the first storage container may, when the second storage container is not capable of receiving boil-off, may be used for generating heat instead of being released to the atmosphere. Such heat may then be used for heating other constituent components of the vehicle, which may in turn, depending on the constituent component, increase the range of the vehicle.
When the hydrogen storage arrangement comprises the above-described heat exchange circuit, the catalytic afterburner may be connected to the heat exchange circuit. Thereby, heat may also be transferred to the heat exchange circuit from the catalytic afterburner. Thereby, boil-off may be efficiently used for generating heat even if the second storage container is not capa ble of receiving boil-off.
The second storage container may be fluidly connected to the catalytic afterburner via the first valve device or a second valve device. Thereby, hydrogen stored in the second storage container may be used for generating heat by means of the catalytic afterburner, if desired. Such heat may for example be used for heating an energy converter to an appropriate operating temperature, for example at cold start, or any other constituent component of the vehicle that may benefit from temperature control.
The present disclosure further provides a vehicle comprising the hydrogen storage arrangement as described above. The vehicle may be a hydrogen powered land-based vehicle. The vehicle may be a heavy vehicle, such as a truck or a bus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a side view of an example of a vehicle; Fig. 2 Figs. 3a-3c Figs. 4a-4b Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 schematically illustrate a first exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure; schematically illustrate cross-sectional views, in a plane transversal to a central longitudinal axis A of the first storage container, of examples of different relative arrangements of the first storage container and the second storage container within the hydrogen storage arrangement; schematically illustrate cross-sectional views, in a plane parallel to or coinciding with a central longitudinal axis A of the first storage container, of examples of different relative arrangements of the first storage container and the second storage container within the hydrogen storage arrangement; schematically illustrate a second exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure; schematically illustrate a third exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure; and schematically illustrate a fourth exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplifying embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The invention is however not limited to the exemplifying embodiments discussed and/or shown in the drawings, but may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the drawings shall not be considered drawn to scale as some features may be exaggerated in order to more clearly illustrate the invention or features thereof. ln accordance with the present disclosure, a hydrogen storage arrangement configured to store hydrogen for powering a vehicle is provided. The hydrogen storage arrangement comprises a first storage container configured to store hydrogen in pure liquid form or cryo-compressed form. The first storage container is configured to be in fluid communication with an energy converter (such as a fuel cell stack) or a combustion engine of the vehicle for the purpose of powering the vehicle. The hydrogen storage arrangement further comprises a second storage container arranged to receive boil-off from the first storage container. The second storage container is thus fluidly connected to the first storage container. The second storage container is configured for metal hydride storage of hydrogen. Thus, the second storage container is filled with solid matter which, at least when hydrogen is stored therein, comprises metal hydride. The solid matter (i.e. the metal hydride) may be present either as particulates or as a porous monolith formed by such particulates. The second storage container is also, similarly, to the first storage container configured to be in fluid communication with an energy converter (such as a fuel cell stack) or a combustion engine of the vehicle for the purpose of powering the vehicle. The hydrogen storage device further comprises a first valve device configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container when the second storage container is not capa ble of receiving boil-off from the first storage container. More specifically, the first valve device may be configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container to the atmosphere and/or to a catalytic afterburner (if present in the hydrogen storage arrangement) when the second storage container is not capa ble of receiving boil-off from the first storage container. An example of a situation where the second storage container may not be capa ble of receiving boil-off from the first storage container can for example be when the second storage container is already loaded such that no further hydrogen can be stored. Another example of a situation where the second storage container may not be capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container may be due to an active measure taken due to damage, or potential risk of damage, of the second storage container or the metal hydride therein.
The first valve device may comprise one or more valves. For example, the valve device may comprise at least one electromechanical valve and/or at least one mechanical valve. The valve device may for example comprise a pressure release valve. Additionally, or alternatively, the valve device may comprise a solenoid valve.
The first valve device may be a multi-functional valve. For example, the first valve device may, in addition to being configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container when the second storage container is not capa ble of receiving boil-off from the first storage container, further be configured to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container to the second storage container. Thereby, no separate valve device is needed for the control of release of boil-off to the second storage container.
Since the first storage container is configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form, the first storage container may typically have a cylindrical configuration as known in the art. Furthermore, the first storage container is a thermally insulated storage container to ensure that the temperature inside the first storage container may be kept at an appropriate temperature. The second storage container may however have an arbitrarily selected geometrica| shape. This is due to it being configured to store hydrogen by usage of metal hydride. Metal hydride is generally in particulate form and can thus be used to fill any shape of the second storage container. Alternatively, the metal hydride may be provided as one or more porous monoliths having any desired shape for filling the second storage container irrespectively of the geometrica| shape of the second storage container. Such porous monoliths may be produced from metal hydride (in particulate form) by any previously known method therefore.
The second storage container may be arranged in the close proximity of the first storage container. More specifically, the second storage container may be arranged in the space in the vehicle around the first storage container which may not be easily used for other purposes due to the cylindrical shape of the first storage container. Thereby, an efficient use of the available space in the vehicle may be achieved, which may in turn enable more hydrogen to be stored. ln fact, the second storage container may suitably be arranged to extend around a portion, or the whole, cylindrical circumference of the first storage container. The second storage container may be arranged so as to encircle the first storage container at least along a longitudinal portion of the first storage container. Furthermore, the second storage container may suita bly have a rectangular outer cross-sectional shape (rectangular cross-sectional shape is here considered to include square cross-sectional shape). Thereby, the most efficient use of the available space may be achieved, and the shape further facilitates fitting it into a vehicle.
The hydrogen storage arrangement may further comprise a heat exchange circuit configured to recover eventual heat generated in the second storage container. Hydrogen adsorption on metal hydride is an exothermic process, and therefore heat may be generated when the second storage container receives boil-off from the first storage container. By the heat exchange circuit, such heat can be recovered and used for controlling the temperature of other constituent components of the vehicle. As an example, the recovered heat may be used for heating an electrochemical energy converter of the vehicle to an appropriate working temperature. This in turn increases the range of the vehicle since the electrochemical energy converter will operate more efficiently. Another example of a constituent component which may benefit from the heat recovered by the heat exchange circuit is an energy storage device of the vehicle, if present. Charging/discharging of an energy storage device is temperature dependent. Thus, by using the heat recovered by the heat exchange circuit for controlling the temperature of the energy storage device may increase the range of the vehicle if such energy storage device is used to power an electrical machine (acting as a propulsion unit) in some instances. lt should here be noted that hydrogen powered vehicle comprising fuel cells often also comprise an energy storage device that may be used for storing energy which may be used for powering an electrical machine.
The hydrogen storage arrangement may further comprise a catalytic afterburner for the purpose of recovering heat. Thus, instead of boil-off being released to the atmosphere when the second storage container is not capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container, this boil-off may be led to such a catalytic afterburner. ln the catalytic afterburner, the hydrogen is converted to water while heat is generated. lf the hydrogen storage arrangement comprises a heat exchange circuit as described above, the catalytic afterburner may be connected to the heat exchange circuit. Thereby, heat may be recovered irrespectively of whether the boil-off is led to the second storage container or to the catalytic afterburner. The catalytic afterburner may suita bly be connected to the first storage container via the first valve device described above.
The present disclosure further provides a vehicle comprising the hydrogen storage arrangement described herein. The vehicle may be a hydrogen powered land-based vehicle. The vehicle may be a hybrid vehicle, or a fully electrical vehicle. The vehicle may be a heavy vehicle, such as a truck or a bus, but is not limited thereto.
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a side view of an example of a vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 comprises a powertrain 2. The powertrain 2 comprises a propulsion unit in the form of an electrical machine 3 and may also comprise a gearbox 4. The gearbox 4 may be connected to the driving wheels 7 of the vehicle via a propeller shaft 8. The driving wheels 7 and the propeller shaft 8 are also constituent components of the powertrain 2.
The electrical machine 3 may be powered by an electrochemical energy converter 5 of the powertrain 2. The electrochemical energy converter 5 may comprise a fuel cell stack. The electrical machine may additionally or alternatively, in some situations, be powered by an energy storage device 6. ln the electrochemical energy converter 5, energy is converted to electricity from hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas may typically be stored onboard the vehicle 1 in containers (not shown) in liquid or cryo-compressed form. lt should be noted that although Figure 1 illustrates a vehicle having a central drive configuration, the vehicle may instead have an electric axle configuration. ln such a case, the vehicle need not comprise a propeller shaft, and the propulsion unit and gearbox (if present) are arranged at a shaft of the driving wheels.
Figure 2 schematically illustrate a first exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement 10 in accordance with the present disclosure. The hydrogen storage arrangement is configured to store hydrogen used for powering a propulsion unit of a vehicle, for example the vehicle 1 shown in Figure 1. The hydrogen may for example be used for powering a propulsion unit by being used in an electrochemical energy converter 5 which in turn powers an electrical machine. Alternatively, the hydrogen may be used for powering a combustion engine.
The hydrogen storage arrangement 10 comprises a first storage container 11. The first storage container 11 is configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form. A storage container 11 configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form generally has a cylindrical configuration. The first storage container 11 may be the primary storage container of the arrangement, and may thus be the storage container to which hydrogen is supplied when fueling the vehicle.
The hydrogen storage arrangement 10 further comprises a second storage container 12. The second storage container 12 is configured for metal hydride storage of hydrogen. Therefore, the second storage container 12 comprises metal hydride. The metal hydride may generally be in particulate form or in the form of one or more porous monoliths. Furthermore, hydrogen storage by means of metal hydride does not require high pressure. Therefore, the second storage container may have an arbitrarily selected geometrical shape. The second storage container 12 is arranged to receive boil- off from the first storage container 11 and is consequently in fluid communication with the first storage container via a first conduit 13.
The first storage container 11, as well as the second storage container 12, may be configured to be connected to an electrochemical energy converter 5 (such as a fuel cell stack) for the purpose of supplying hydrogen thereto when desired. When the hydrogen storage arrangement 10 is installed in 11 a vehicle, the first storage container 11 and the second storage container 12 may therefore be in fluid communication with such an e|ectrochemica| energy converter 5. This is illustrated in Figure 2 by dashed lines since the e|ectrochemica| energy converter 5 is not a part of the hydrogen storage arrangement as such. lt should here be noted that, instead of being connected to an e|ectrochemica| energy converter, the first storage container and the second storage container may be connected to a combustion engine for the purpose of supplying hydrogen thereto when desired.
The hydrogen storage arrangement 10 further comprises a first valve device 14 configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container 11 when the second storage container 12 cannot receive boil-off from the first storage container 11, for example for already being fully loaded. The first valve device 14 is here illustrated as a pressure relief valve. The present disclosure is however not limited thereto. For example, the first valve device may be a solenoid valve. Furthermore, the first valve device may comprise one or more valves.
Furthermore, the hydrogen storage arrangement 10 may optionally comprise a catalytic afterburner 18. Such a catalytic afterburner 18 may be fluidly connected to the first storage device 11 via the first valve device. By means of such catalytic afterburner 18, heat can be generated from boil-off, if desired.
The hydrogen storage arrangement 10 may further comprise a second valve device 15 configured to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container 11 to the second storage container 12 as illustrated in Figure 2. The second valve device 12 may be arranged in the first conduit 13. When the pressure increases in the first storage container 11, the second valve device 15 opens so as to release boil-off to the second storage container 12. When the second storage container 12 is not capa ble of receiving further boil-off from the first storage container 11, the pressure increases in the conduit 13 which ultimately leads to the first valve device 14 opening so as to release boil-off, for example to the atmosphere and/or, if present, to a catalytic afterburner 18.
Albeit Figure 2 illustrates two valve devices, 14 and 15, it should be recognized that these may be replaced by a single multi-functional valve configured both to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container 11 to the second storage container 12 and to control release of boil-off from the first storage container 11, for example to the atmosphere, when the second storage container 12 is not capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container 11. 12 Furthermore, although the first valve device 14 is illustrated as being connected to the first conduit 13, the first valve device 14 may be arranged separate from the first conduit 13 as long as it is in fluid communication with the first storage container 11.
The second storage container 12 may be arranged at a different location on the vehicle than the location of the first storage container 11, if desired. However, more appropriately, the second storage container 12 may be arranged in close proximity to the first storage container 11, for example to avoid long conduits between the first storage container and the second storage container. As already mentioned above, since the second storage container 12 should comprise a metal hydride, the second storage container 12 may have any geometrical configuration desired. ln contrast, the geometrical configuration of the first storage container 11 is more limited since it is configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo-compressed form. Generally, the first storage container 11 has a cylindrical configuration.
Figures 3a to 3c schematically illustrate cross-sectional views, in a plane transversal to a central longitudinal axis A of the first storage container 11, of examples of different relative arrangements of the first storage container 11 and the second storage container 12 within the hydrogen storage arrangement 10. ln all of the examples shown, the first storage container 11 has a cylindrical configuration.
More specifically, Figure 3a illustrates an example wherein the second storage container 12 is arranged to extend around the whole cylindrical circumference of the first storage container 11. ln other words, the second storage container 12 here encircles the first storage container 11. Furthermore, the second storage container 12 here has a circular outer cross-sectional shape. The geometrical configuration of the second storage container 12 may thus be considered to be tubular. ln other words, the second storage container 12 may comprise a cylindrical inner wall 12a facing the first storage container 11, an cylindrical outer wall 12b arranged radially outside of the inner wall 12a, and a hollow space 12c between the first and second cylindrical walls. Said hollow space 12c is configured to comprise the metal hydride.
Figure 3b illustrates an example wherein the second storage container 12, similar to Figure 3a, is arranged to extend around the whole cylindrical circumference of the first storage container 11. However, in contrast to Figure 3a, the second storage container 12 has a rectangular outer cross- sectional shape. More specifically, the second storage container 12 has a square shaped outer cross- section. The second storage container 12 here comprises a cylindrical inner wall facing the first 13 storage container 11, a rectangular outer wall 12b arranged radially outside of the inner wall 12a, and a hollow space 12c (configured to comprise the metal hydride) between the inner and outer walls. A second storage container 12 having a rectangular outer shape is especially advantageous for use in a vehicle since is efficiently utilizes the space available on the vehicle, in relation to the amount of metal hydride that may be present and thus the hydrogen storage capability. Moreover, it facilitates the mounting of the hydrogen storage arrangement on the vehicle.
Figure 3c illustrates an example similar to the one shown in Figure 3b, but with the exception that the second storage container 12 is arranged to extend around only a portion of the cylindrical circumference of the first storage container. This example could for example be an alternative in case of only requiring a smaller second storage container (compared to the example shown in Figure 3b) and therefore seeking to minimize the additional weight caused by the metal hydride.
Figures 4a and 4b schematically illustrate cross-sectional views, in a plane parallel to or coinciding with a central longitudinal axis A of the first storage container 11, of examples of different relative arrangements of the first storage container 11 and the second storage container 12 within the hydrogen storage arrangement 10. ln all of the examples shown, the first storage container 11 has a cylindrical configuration and the second storage container 12 may have an a circular outer cross sectional shape (compare with Figure 3a) or a rectangular outer cross sectional shape (compare with Figure Ešb).
More specifically, Figure 4a illustrates an example wherein the second storage container 12 is arranged so as to encircle the first storage container 11 along a portion of the longitudinal extension L11 of the first storage container. Thereby, the second storage container 12 has a longitudinal extension L12 which is smaller than the longitudinal extension L11 of the first storage container 11.
Figure 4b illustrates an example wherein the second storage container 12 is arranged so as to encircle the first storage container 11 along the whole longitudinal extension L11 of the first storage container. The second storage container 12 is here illustrated to have a longitudinal extension L12 which is greater than the longitudinal extension L11 of the first storage container. The second storage container 12 may be arranged to completely circumscribe the first storage container 11, as shown in the figure. lt should however be noted that the longitudinal extension Llz of the second storage container 12 may alternatively be the same as the longitudinal extension L11 of the first storage container 11. ln such a case, the second storage container 12 will not completely circumscribe the first storage container 11. 14 Figure 5 schematically illustrate a second exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement 10 in accordance with the present disclosure. The second exemplifying embodiment essentially corresponds to the first exemplifying em bodiment shown in Figure 2, but with the exception that the hydrogen storage arrangement further comprises a third valve device 16 arranged in the first conduit 13. The third valve device 16 may comprise a directional valve. More specifically, the third valve device 16 may allow for leading boil-off from the first storage container 11 to the second storage container 12 when placed in a first valve position and directly to the catalytic afterburner 18 when placed in a second valve position. During normal operation of the hydrogen storage arrangement 10, the third valve device 16 may be in the first valve position such that boil-off from the first storage container 11 is lead to the second storage container 12. ln such a case, just like in the first exemplifying em bodiment shown in Figure 2, the first valve device 14 is configured to open to release boil-off from the first storage container 10 if the second storage container 12 is not capa ble to receive further boil-off. However, if there is a desire to generate heat by means of the catalytic afterburner, the third valve device may be transferred to the second valve position so that boil-off from the first storage container 11 is lead directly to the catalytic afterburner.
Albeit not illustrated in the figure, the first valve device 14 may, instead of being fluidly connected to the catalytic afterburner, be configured to release boil-off to the atmosphere when the second storage container 12 is not able to receive boil-off from the first storage container 11 even though the third valve device 16 is in a state wherein the first storage container 11 is fluidly connected to the second storage container 12.
Furthermore, although not illustrated in the figure, the third valve device 16 may further be configured to allow, when in a third valve position, boil-off from the first storage container to be directly released to the atmosphere, if desired.
Figure 6 schematically illustrates a third exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure. The third exemplifying em bodiment corresponds to the first exemplifying em bodiment shown in Figure 2, with the exception that the first valve device 14 is a multifunctional valve configured to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container 11 to the second storage container 12 as well as to the atmosphere or, if present, a catalytic afterburner 18 (when the second storage container 12 is not capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container 11). Furthermore, hydrogen storage arrangement 10 according to the third exemplifying em bodiment further comprises a heat exchange circuit 20 configured to recover heat generated in the second storage container 12. The heat exchange circuit may also be used in order to heat the second storage container, if desired.
The heat exchange circuit 20 may comprise a pump 21 configured to pump a fluid through the heat exchange circuit, thereby contro||ing the circu|ation of the fluid in the heat exchange circuit 20. The heat exchange circuit may further comprise a heat exchanger 22 configured to transfer heat between the fluid circu|ating in the heat exchange circuit 20 and another fluid circu|ating in a connected system. The connected system may for example be a temperature control system 30 of a constituent component 32 of the vehicle. The temperature control system 30 is here illustrated by dashed lines since it is not a part of the hydrogen storage arrangement 10 as such. The constituent component 32 may for example be the inside of the cab of the vehicle, an energy converter (such as the electrochemical energy converter 5 illustrated in Figure 2), a propulsion unit (such as the electrical machine 3 illustrated in Figure 1, or a combustion engine) of the vehicle, an energy storage device, or any other constituent component of the vehicle which could benefit from temperature control.
Figure 7 schematically illustrates a fourth exemplifying embodiment of a hydrogen storage arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure. Like the third exemplifying embodiment shown in Figure 6, the hydrogen storage arrangement 10 comprises a heat exchange circuit 20. However, the heat exchange circuit 20 here comprises a plurality of circuit portions as will be further described below. The heat exchange circuit 20 is here illustrated by thick lines for sake of clarity. The heat exchange circuit 20 is configured to recover heat generated in the second storage container 12. The heat exchange circuit 20 may also be used to heat the second storage container, if desired. The heat exchange circuit 20 may comprise a plurality of valves configured to control circu|ation of fluid within the heat exchange circuit 20 between different circuit portions as will be explained below. Moreover, although omitted in the figure, the heat exchange circuit 20 may further comprise one or more pumps and/or one or more heat exchangers (compare with Figure 6).
The heat exchange circuit 20 shown here comprises a first circuit portion 41 passing the second storage container 12 and for example (as shown in the figure) an electrochemical energy converter 5 of the vehicle. The first circuit portion 41 may be considered to correspond to the heat exchange circuit 20 of the third exemplifying embodiment shown in Figure 6, but also comprises a first circuit valve device 42 and a second circuit valve device 43. The first circuit valve device 42 may be arranged on the opposite side of the second storage container 12 as the second circuit valve 43, when seen in a flow direction of the circu|ating fluid. 16 The heat exchange circuit 20 may further comprise a second circuit portion 44 passing from the electrochemical energy converter 5, via a third circuit valve device 45 and a catalytic afterburner 18 of the hydrogen storage arrangement 10 to the second circuit valve device 43. Thereby, a fluid circulating in second circuit portion 44 of the heat exchange circuit 20 may be heated when passing the catalytic afterburner 18.
The heat exchange circuit 20 may further comprise a third circuit portion 46 passing from the third circuit valve device 45, via a heat sink 34 of the vehicle, to the second valve device 43. The heat sink 34 may be a constituent component of the vehicle, other than the electrochemical energy converter, which may benefit from temperature control. Moreover, a fourth circuit portion 47 connects the first valve device with the third valve device 45.
By control of the first circuit valve device 42, the second valve device 42 and the third valve device 45, the circulating fluid may be controlled to flow in one or more of the circuit portions 41, 44, 46, 47. Thereby, for example, heat generated in the second storage container 12 and/or the catalytic afterburner 18 may be used to heat the electrochemical energy converter 5 and/or the heat sink 34. Thus, boil-off from the first storage container 11 may efficiently be used for the purpose of temperature control of other constituent components of the vehicle, which in turn may increase the efficiency thereof. lt should be noted that, although not illustrated in the schematic Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7, the second storage container 12 may be arranged in relation to the first storage container 11 according to any one of the examples shown in Figures 3a-3c and/or Figures 4a-4b. Alternatively, the second storage container 12 may be arranged at a distance from the first storage container 11, if desired.

Claims (1)

1. A hydrogen storage arrangement (10) configured to store hydrogen for powering a vehicle (1), the hydrogen storage arrangement comprising: a first storage container (11) configured to store hydrogen in liquid or cryo- compressed form, a second storage container (12) arranged to receive boil-off from the first storage container (11) and configured for metal hydride storage of hydrogen, and a first valve device (14) configured to control release of boil-off from the first storage container (11) when the second storage container (12) is not capable of receiving boil-off from the first storage container (11)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first valve device (14) is further configured to control the release of boil-off from the first storage container (11) to the second storage container (12)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first storage container (11) has a cylindrical configuration, and wherein the second storage container (12) is arranged to extend around at least a portion of the cylindrical circumference of the first storage container (11)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second storage container (12) has a rectangular outer cross-sectional shapeThe hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second storage container (12) is arranged so as to encircle the first storage container (11) at least along a longitudinal portion thereofThe hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve device (14) comprises at least one electromechanical valve and/or at least one mechanical valveThe hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a heat exchange circuit (20) configured to recover heat generated in the second storage container (12).The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to claim 7, wherein the heat exchange circuit (20) comprises a heat exchanger (22) configured to transfer heat between a first fluid circulating in the heat exchange circuit (20) and a second fluid circulating in a temperature control system (30) of a constituent component (5, 32) of the vehicle (1) when the hydrogen storage arrangement (10) is arranged in the vehicle (1)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 7 and 8, wherein the heat exchange circuit (20) is configured to transfer heat generated in the second storage container (12) to an energy converter (5) or a propulsion unit (3) of the vehicle (1) when the arrangement is arranged in the vehicle (1)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a catalytic afterburner (18) connected to the first storage container (11) via the first valve device (14)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the catalytic afterburner (18) is connected to a heat exchange circuit (20) configured to recover heat generated in the second storage container (12)The hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the second storage container (12) is fluidly connected to the catalytic afterburner (18) via the first valve device (14) or a second valve deviceA vehicle (1) comprising the hydrogen storage arrangement (10) according to any one of the preceding claims.
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