JP2009533482A - 内皮細胞増殖及び内皮細胞遊走を減弱するためのオピオイドアンタゴニストの使用 - Google Patents
内皮細胞増殖及び内皮細胞遊走を減弱するためのオピオイドアンタゴニストの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009533482A JP2009533482A JP2009506726A JP2009506726A JP2009533482A JP 2009533482 A JP2009533482 A JP 2009533482A JP 2009506726 A JP2009506726 A JP 2009506726A JP 2009506726 A JP2009506726 A JP 2009506726A JP 2009533482 A JP2009533482 A JP 2009533482A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は国立保健研究所助成:DE12322;DE00470;及びDE015830によって一部分支援された。米国政府は本発明におけるいくらかの権利を有する。
細胞増殖は全ての生命体における正常な持続的過程であり、規則正しい細胞周期を維持するために繊細にバランスを保たれる非常に多くの因子及びシグナルを含んでいる。哺乳類細胞が増殖する及び分裂するのかどうかは、様々なフィードバック調節機構によって決定され、これには細胞が増殖することができるスペースの利用可能性並びに周辺環境における特異的な刺激性及び阻害性の因子の分泌が含まれる。
血管形成(angiogensis)の過程の間、既存の血管の一部として静止状態で正常に存在する内皮細胞は、遊走性増殖性状態に入る。当該内皮細胞の遊走性増殖性状態は、当該細胞が機能的な新たな血管の一部として静止状態に戻る際に最終的に解消される。新たな毛細血管の生成は、空間的様式及び時間的様式の両方で起こる多くの細胞イベント及び分子イベントを必要とする複雑な過程を含む。これらの活動のいくつかには、元の血管の周囲の基底膜の分解、結合組織間質を通る内皮細胞の遊走、細胞増殖、チューブ様構造の形成及びこれらの内皮細胞に裏打ちされるチューブの新たな血管への成熟が含まれる(Cliff, 1963; Schoefl, 1963; Ausprunck and Folkman, 1977)。いくつかの重要な血管形成因子(angiogenic factors)には、塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)、アンジオポエチン、サイトカイン、細胞外マトリクスタンパク及びマトリクスメタロプロテアーゼが含まれる。これらの因子は、間質細胞によって及び当該領域へ補充される活性化型白血球によって局所的に産生される(Risau, W. (1997) Nature 386(6626):671-674; Risau and Flamme (1995) Ann. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 11:73-91)。他の血管形成因子(angiogenic factors)とは違って、VEGFは、血管形成(angiogensis)の間の内皮細胞特異的な分裂促進因子としての役割を果たす(Terman et al., 1992 及び Ferrara, 1993)。
本発明は、末梢限局的アンタゴニストであってもよいがこれに限定されないオピオイドアンタゴニストを用いた細胞増殖及び細胞遊走、とりわけ血管形成(angiogensis)に関連するものであってもよい内皮細胞増殖及び内皮細胞遊走を減弱する、例えば、阻害する又は低減する方法を提供する。
本発明の他の側面に従って、内皮細胞における外因性オピオイド誘導性の細胞遊走又は細胞増殖の阻害方法が提供される。当該方法は、当該細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む。
上述のいずれの実施態様に従っても、当該オピオイドアンタゴニストは、好ましくは末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストであり、さらにより好ましくはメチルナルトレキソンである。
本発明にはまた、腫瘍細胞又は腫瘍組織を増殖を阻害する量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む動物組織における腫瘍進行(tumor progression)及び腫瘍転移を減弱する方法、及び患者へ少なくとも1つのオピオイドアンタゴニストを過剰増殖細胞の増殖を減弱するのに有効な量で投与することを含む当該患者における過剰増殖細胞の増殖を減弱する方法が含まれる。
本発明は、内皮細胞の異常な若しくは好ましくない遊走及び/又は増殖を減弱する方法を提供する。従って、本発明は、オピオイドアンタゴニストを使用することによる患者の組織又は器官における血管形成(angiogensis)を減弱する方法並びに哺乳類における血管形成に関連する(angiogenic related)疾患及び他の過剰増殖性疾患を治療するための新たなアプローチを提供する。例えば、上述のとおり、固形腫瘍は、当該腫瘍の内部の細胞へ栄養分を届けるための新たな血管の生成に依存する。血管形成(angiogensis)に関して要求される増殖因子は当該腫瘍細胞によって生成することができるか又はその代わりとしてオピオイドのような外因性因子が新たな血管増殖を刺激することができる。本発明はオピオイドアンタゴニストを使用することによって、当該腫瘍細胞自身ではなくむしろ当該腫瘍の内部での新たな血管の生成が標的である当該腫瘍の治療への新たな治療的アプローチを提供する。当該治療は、抵抗性腫瘍細胞の発生をそう簡単にもたらさない。
“慢性的オピオイド使用”は、当業界で周知のとおり、事前のオピオイド使用の結果として治療効果を実現するのに十分に高いレベルのオピオイドに関する必要性について言及し、またこれにより特徴付けられる。本明細書で使用されるとおりの慢性的オピオイド使用は、1週間以上の毎日のオピオイド治療又は少なくとも2週間の断続的オピオイド使用であってもよい。
“低アルキル”は、1個〜約6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基について言及する。
“アルコキシ”は、アルキル-O-基について言及し、アルキルは上述のとおりである。アルコキシ基の例としては例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、ブトキシ及びヘプトキシが挙げられる。
“アルコキシ-アルキル”は、アルキル-O-アルキル基について言及し、アルキルは上述のとおりである。
“アリール”は、約6個〜約10個の炭素を含む芳香族炭素環式遊離基、及びあらゆる組み合わせ及びその中の環のあらゆるサブの組み合わせについて言及する。当該アリール基は、1つ又は2つ又はそれ以上のアリール基置換基で置換されていてもよい。アリール基の例としては、フェニル及びナフチルが挙げられる。
“末梢性”とは、オピオイドアンタゴニストに関して、主に生理系及び中枢神経系の外側の構成部分(component)で作用するオピオイドアンタゴニストを表し、例えば、オピオイドの主要な効果を阻害するのに有効な量で、それらは容易には血液脳関門を横断しない。言い換えれば、末梢性に投与される際に、末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストはオピオイドの鎮痛効果を有効に阻害せず、例えば、それらはオピオイドの鎮痛効果を低減しない。例えば、本発明の方法で採用される末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニスト化合物は、低減された中枢神経系(CNS)活性を発揮する又は実質的に何らの中枢神経系(CNS)活性を発揮しない一方で、胃腸組織に関して高レベルの活性を発揮する。本発明の方法で採用される末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニスト化合物は、CNSにおいては約5% 〜 約15 % 未満しかそれらの薬理学的活性を適切に発揮せず、最も適切には約0%(例えば、CNS活性なし)である。末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストの非中枢作用の特性は多くの場合、当該分子の電荷、極性及び/又はサイズに関連する。例えば、中枢作用性第四級アミンオピオイドアンタゴニストが中性分子である一方で、末梢性に作用する第四級アミンオピオイドアンタゴニストは、プラスに帯電される。本発明において有用な末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストは概して、μオピオイドアンタゴニスト及び/又はκオピオイドアンタゴニストである。
R1は、水素又はアルキルであり;
R2は、水素、アルキル又はアルケニルであり;
R3は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであり;
R4は、水素、アルキル又はアルケニルであり;
Aは、OR5又はNR6R7であり;
R5は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであり;
R6は、水素又はアルキルであり;
R7は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル、アリール置換型アルキル又はアルキレン置換型Bであるか、又は結合される窒素原子と共にR6及びR7はピロール及びピペリジンより選択される複素環を形成し;
Bは、
R8は、水素又はアルキルであり;
R9は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであるか、又は結合される窒素原子と共にR8及びR9はピロール及びピペリジンより選択される複素環を形成し;
Wは、OR10、NR11R12又はOEであり;
R10は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルケニル又はアリール置換型アルキルであり;
R11は、水素又はアルキルであり;
R12は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル、アリール置換型アルキル又はアルキレン置換型C(=O)Yであるか、又は結合される窒素原子と共にピロール及びピペリジンより選択される複素環を形成し;
Eは、
R13は、アルキル置換型アルキレンであり;
R14は、アルキルであり;
Dは、OR15又はNR16R17であり;
R15は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであり;
R16は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アリール置換型アルキル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル又はシクロアルケニル置換型アルキルであり;
R17は、水素又はアルキルであるか、又は結合される窒素原子と共にR16及びR17はピロール若しくはピペリジンからなる群より選択される複素環を形成し;
Yは、OR18又はNR19R20であり;
R18は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであり;
R19は、水素又はアルキルであり;
R20は、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シクロアルキル置換型アルキル、シクロアルケニル置換型アルキル又はアリール置換型アルキルであるか、又は結合される窒素原子と共にR19及びR20はピロール及びピペリジンより選択される複素環を形成し;
R21は、水素又はアルキルであり;さらに、
nは、0〜4である。)
R1は、水素、アシル又はアセトキシであり;
R2は、アルキル又はアルケニルであり;
Rは、アルキル、アルケニル又はアルキニルであり、さらに、
X-は、アニオン、とりわけ、塩化物アニオン、臭化物アニオン、ヨウ化物アニオン又はメチルスルファートアニオンである。)
末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストの医薬組成物の経皮的送達又はイオン導入送達もまた可能である。
本発明は以下の実施例によってさらに説明されるが、これは本発明の範囲を限定する目的で解釈されるべきではない。
本発明に従った末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストの抗血管形成活性(anti-angiogenic activity)を、改良型ボイデンチャンバーを用いる微小血管内皮細胞の遊走を阻害する又は調節するアンタゴニストの能力を検証する実験で評価した。
内皮細胞遊走アッセイを、その開示が参照によって取り込まれる Lingen, M.W., Methods in Molecular Medicine, 78: 337-347 (2003) によって記載されるとおりに行った。手短に言えば、ヒト微小血管内皮細胞(HMVEC)(Cell Systems, Kirkland, WA.)を、0.1 % ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含有する内皮増殖培地(EGM)中で一晩血清飢餓状態にした。細胞を次に、トリプシン処理し、0.1 % BSAを含有するダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DME)中に 1×106 cells/mL の濃度で再懸濁した。細胞を48ウェル改良型ボイデンチャンバー(NeuroPore Corporation, Pleasanton, CA.)の底面に加えた。当該チャンバーを組み立てて反転させ、細胞を、0.1 % ゼラチン中に一晩浸して乾燥しておいたポリカルボナートケモタキシス膜(5μmの細孔サイズ)(NeuroProbe)へ 37 ℃ で2時間接着させた。当該チャンバーを次に再反転して、当該化合物を4倍で濃度を変化させて試験し、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)(ポジティブコントロールとして)又はビークルを上側のチャンバーのウェルへ加えた(50 mL の総体積になるまで)。;当該器具を次に、37 ℃ で4時間インキュベートした。膜を回収し、固定して染色し(DiffQuick, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.)、10高倍率視野(high power fileds)あたりの上側チャンバーへ遊走した細胞の数をカウントした。DME + 0.1 % BSAに対するバックグラウンド遊走を減算して、データを10高倍率視野(400倍)あたりに遊走した細胞の数として記録した。各々の物質を、各々の実験において四つ組で試験し、さらに全ての実験を、少なくとも2回繰り返した。VEGF(R&D System, Minneapolis, MN)を、200 pg/mL の濃度でポジティブコントロールとして用いた。VEGFに関する至適濃度は、用量反応実験(データは示さず)によってあらかじめ決定した。上記に記載されたとおりに試験した化合物は、モルヒネ、ナロキソン、メチルナルトレキソン及びメチルナルトレキソンとモルヒネの組み合わせであった。試験した物質の各々の濃度は、0.001 μM 〜 10.0 μM の範囲であった。モルヒネの濃度は、0.1 μM で一定であった。結果を図1に示す。
他のセットの実験を、実施例1に記載される手順に従って実施した。当該セットの実験において、メチルナルトレキソン及びメチルナルトレキソンとモルヒネの組み合わせを、内皮細胞遊走を阻害する能力に関して再び試験した。単独で試験される際のメチルナルトレキソン濃度を、0.001 μM 〜 10.0 μM で変えた。組み合わせにおいては、モルヒネ濃度を実施例1で記載されるとおり 0.1 μM で一定のままにしておいた一方で、メチルナルトレキソンの濃度を 0.001 μM 〜 10.0 μM で変えた。結果を、図2に示す。
本試験で用いた薬剤は、[D-Ala 2, N-McPhe4, Gly5-ol]エンケファリン又はDAMGO(Sigma, St. Louis, MO);ナロキソン(Sigma, St. Louis, MO);N-メチルナルトレキソンブロミド又はメチルナルトレキソン(Mallinckrodt Specialty Chemicals, Phillipsburg, NJ)であった。内皮細胞遊走アッセイを、既に記載されるとおり(9)に行った。ヒト皮膚微小血管内皮細胞(Cell Systems, Kirkland, WA)を、0.1 % ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含有する培地中で一晩飢餓状態にし、回収し、0.1 % BSAを含有するダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DME)中に再懸濁して、改良型ボイデンチャンバー(Nucleopore Corporation, Pleasanton, CA)中の半多孔質ゼラチン化膜上に蒔いた。試験物質を次に、上側チャンバーのウェルへ加え、細胞を 37 ℃ で4時間遊走させた。
第1のセットの実験において、トランスフォーメーション、同系繁殖(inbreeding)又は腫瘍細胞の移植によってマウスに腫瘍の発達を誘導した。各々が少なくとも 60 mm3 の体積の腫瘍を有する36匹のマウスを、無作為に3つの群に分けた。第1の群には、オピオイドもオピオイドアンタゴニストのどちらも含まないコントロール物質を与えた。第2の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与されるモルヒネを与えた。第3の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与されるモルヒネ、及び5mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与される末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストであるメチルナルトレキソンを与えた。
腫瘍の発達を誘導しておいたマウスに、末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがアルビモパンであることを除き実施例3に記載されるとおりのプロトコールを受けさせた。結果は、コントロール又はオピオイド単独と比較して腫瘍増殖の減少及び血管形成(angiogenesis)の減少を明らかにした。
ヒト癌患者を、末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがアルビモパンであることを除き実施例4に記載されるとおりに実施される試験に登録した。
第1のセットの実験において、トランスフォーメーション、同系繁殖(inbreeding)又は腫瘍細胞の移植によってマウスに腫瘍の発達を誘導した。各々が少なくとも 60 mm3 の体積の腫瘍を有する48匹のマウスを、無作為に6つの群に分けた。第1の群には、オピオイド、オピオイドアンタゴニスト又は抗癌剤を含まないコントロール物質を与えた。第2の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与されるモルヒネを与えた。第3の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与されるモルヒネ、及び5mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与される末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストであるメチルナルトレキソンを与えた。第4の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与されるモルヒネ、及び5mg/kg/日の投与量で経口投与される末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストであるメチルナルトレキソンを抗癌剤、例えば、5mg/kgの投与量で14日毎のベバシズマブ(アバスチン)と共に与えた。第6の群には、オピオイド、例えば、0.5 mg/kg/日の投与量のモルヒネ及び抗癌治療薬、例えば、5mg/kgの投与量で14日毎のベバシズマブ(アバスチン)を与えた。
腫瘍の発達を誘導しておいたマウスに、末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがアルビモパンであることを除き実施例5に記載されるとおりのプロトコールを受けさせた。結果は、他の群に比べオピオイド、オピオイドアンタゴニスト及び抗癌剤の組み合わせを投与した群に関して向上した結果(例えば、血管形成(angiogenesis)の減少及び腫瘍増殖の減少)を明らかにした。
細胞培養及び試薬−ヒト皮膚微小血管内皮細胞(Cell Systems, Kirkland, WA)及びヒト肺微小血管内皮細胞(Clonetics, Walkersville, MD)を、既に記載されるとおりに、EBM−2完全培地(Clonetics)中、37 ℃ で5% CO2、95 % 空気の加湿雰囲気中において、実験方法のために使用される6継代〜10継代培養した(Garcia et al. 2001)。特に明記しない限り、試薬は、Sigma(St. Louis, MO)から入手した。SDS−PAGE電気泳動用試薬はBio-Rad(Richmond, CA)から購入し、イモビロン-P 転写膜はMillipore(Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA)から購入した。本試験で用いた薬剤は、[D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly5-ol]エンケファリン又はDAMGO(Sigma, St. Louis, MO);ナロキソン、モルヒネ-3-グルクロニド(M3G)及びモルヒネ-6-グルクロニド(M6G)(Sigma, St. Louis, MO);N-メチルナルトレキソンブロミド又はメチルナルトレキソン(Mallinckrodt Specialty Chemicals, Phillipsburg, NJ)、モルヒネ(Baxter, Deerfield, Illinois)であった。VEGFレセプターチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤は、Calbiochem(San Diego, CA)から購入した。マウス抗RhoA抗体、マウス抗リン酸化チロシン抗体及びrho結合領域(RBD)抱合型ビーズは、Upstate Biotechnology(Lake Placid, NY)から購入した。ウサギ抗VEGFレセプター1(Flt−1)抗体及び抗VEGFレセプター2(Flk−1)抗体は、Santa Cruz Biotechnology(Santa Cruz, CA)から購入した。マウス抗βアクチン抗体は、Sigma(St. Louis, MO)から購入した。西洋わさびペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)標識抗体は、Amersham Biosciences(Piscataway, NJ)から購入した。
実施例1〜実施例3に記載されるのと同様の手順に従ってアッセイを行った。S1P、VEGF、PDGF、モルヒネ及びDAMGOがECの増殖(図12)(比色分析のCellTiter(登録商標)(Promega)MTSアッセイによって測定した)及び遊走(図13)(Transwell(登録商標)(Costar)透過性膜フィルターアッセイ(permeable membrane filter assay)(8μm の細孔直径)によって測定した)を誘導し、これがMNTXでの前処理(0.1 μM、1時間)によって阻害されることが観察された。μオピオイドレセプター発現を静めること(siRNA)は、S1P誘導性、VEGF誘導性及びPDGF誘導性のEC増殖(図14)及び遊走(図15)も著しく阻害する一方で、モルヒネ誘導性及びDAMGO誘導性のEC増殖(図14)及び遊走(図15)をブロックした。免疫沈降後の免疫ブロット分析は、ECのS1P、VEGF及びPDGF処理がμオピオイドレセプターのセリン/スレオニンのリン酸化(図16)(レセプタートランス活性化を示唆する)及び細胞骨格調節性低分子量GタンパクであるRhoAの活性化(図17)を誘導したことを示唆する。さらに、ECのモルヒネ処理及びDAMGO処理は、RhoA活性化と共にVEGFレセプターのチロシンリン酸化(図18)、PDGFレセプターのチロシンリン酸化(図18)及びS1P3レセプターのチロシンリン酸化(図19)を誘導した。ECのMNTX前処理は、モルヒネ誘導性、DAMGO誘導性、SIP誘導性、VEGF誘導性及びPDGF誘導性のレセプターリン酸化イベント及びRhoA活性化を減弱した。最終的に、RhoA発現を静めること(siRNA)は、アゴニスト誘導性のEC増殖(図20)及びEC遊走(図21)をブロックした。総合すれば、これらの結果は、MNTXがレセプターリン酸化/トランス活性化の阻害及びそれに引き続くRhoA活性化の阻害を介してアゴニスト誘導性のEC増殖及びEC遊走を阻害することを示唆する(図22)。これらの結果は、血管形成(angiogenesis)のMNTXによる阻害が癌治療のための有用な治療介入になり得ることを示唆する。
実施例1〜実施例3に記載されるのと同様の手順に従ってアッセイを行った。メチルナルトレキソン及び5−FUが内皮細胞のVEGF誘導性増殖を相乗的に阻害することが観察された(図23)。同様に、メチルナルトレキソン及びベバシズマブが内皮細胞のVEGF誘導性遊走を相乗的に阻害することが観察された(図24)。
メチルナルトレキソン単独及び他の抗癌剤と組み合わせたメチルナルトレキソンの抗増殖性効果を評価した。概して、ヒト癌細胞は当業界において知られる適切な条件下で増殖させることができた。該細胞を次に、MNTX及び/又は5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)若しくはビークル(vehicle)で、2〜3日間処理し、該細胞をカウントした。ビークル処理した細胞をコントロールとして、それ自体の細胞数を100%増殖とした。処理群の細胞数をパーセントコントロールとして計算した。
ヒト結腸直腸癌株化細胞SW480へのMNTXの効果を評価した。図25に示されるとおり、MNTX自身がSW480細胞における抗増殖性活性を保有することが観察された(**、コントロールと比べてp<0.01)。さらに、MNTXは5−FUの殺腫瘍性効果を増強した(*、ほぼこの細胞株に関してのIC50である5−FU 10μM単独と比べてp<0.05)。それぞれ図26、27及び28に示されるとおり、同様の結果が、ヒト結腸直腸癌株化細胞HCT116、ヒト乳癌細胞MCF−7及び非小細胞肺癌細胞(NSLCC)株で得られた。
Claims (58)
- 好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖を特徴とする疾患を有する患者へ有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストを投与することを含む治療方法。
- 前記の好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖が好ましくない血管内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記オピオイドアンタゴニストが末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記の好ましくない血管内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖が好ましくない血管形成である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が癌である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記有効量が、前記患者が持続的に少なくとも1週間、少なくとも2週間、少なくとも3週間、好ましくは少なくとも4週間前記オピオイドアンタゴニストの有効な循環血の血漿レベルを有するような量である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記患者へ有効量の抗癌剤を共投与することをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記抗癌剤が抗血管新生剤である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗血管新生剤が抗VEGFモノクローナル抗体である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が糖尿病である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が鎌状赤血球貧血である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が血管損傷である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が好ましくない眼の血管新生を特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が増殖性網膜症である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記オピオイドアンタゴニストが末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記患者がオピオイド治療の併用を受けている、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記患者がオピオイド治療の併用を受けていない、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が慢性的オピオイド治療の併用を受けている、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が慢性的オピオイド治療の併用を受けていない、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記オピオイドアンタゴニストが第四級の若しくは第三級のモルフィナン誘導体、ピペリジン-N-アルキルカルボキシラート及び第四級のベンゾモルファンからなる群より選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記抹消性オピオイドアンタゴニストがメチルナルトレキソンである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記抹消性オピオイドアンタゴニストがアルビモパンである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 内皮細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む内皮細胞におけるVEGF活性の阻害方法。
- 内皮細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む内皮細胞における外因性オピオイド誘導性の細胞遊走又は細胞増殖の阻害方法。
- 内皮細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む内皮細胞におけるRhoA活性化の阻害方法。
- 内皮細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む内皮細胞の好ましくない遊走及び/又は増殖を減弱する方法。
- 前記の好ましくない遊走及び/又は増殖を減弱するのに有効な量のオピオイドアンタゴニストがヒト癌患者へ投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 医療介入の時点で癌患者へオピオイドアンタゴニストを共投与することを含む、前記医療介入後の癌又は腫瘍の再発リスクを低減する方法。
- 細胞の過剰増殖を特徴とする疾患を有する患者へ有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストと、抗癌剤、放射線又は抗血管形成剤とを投与することを含む治療方法。
- 前記細胞が癌細胞である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記オピオイドアンタゴニストが末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストである、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがメチルナルトレキソンである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 細胞の過剰増殖を特徴とする疾患を有する患者へ有効量の末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストを投与することを含む治療方法。
- 前記細胞が癌細胞である、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがメチルナルトレキソンである、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 医療介入の前、間、後で患者へ有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストと、抗癌剤、放射線又は抗血管形成剤とを投与することを含む、前記医療介入後の患者における癌の再発リスクを低減する方法。
- 前記オピオイドアンタゴニストが末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記末梢性オピオイドアンタゴニストがメチルナルトレキソンである、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記癌細胞が非固形腫瘍細胞又は非血管形成癌細胞である、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記癌細胞が結腸直腸癌細胞、乳癌細胞又は非小細胞肺癌細胞である、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖を特徴とする疾患を有する患者へ相乗的有効量のメチルナルトレキソンと、5−フルオロウラシル又はベバシズマブから選択される抗癌剤とを投与することを含む治療方法。
- 前記抗癌剤が5−フルオロウラシルである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記抗癌剤がベバシズマブである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 内皮細胞を相乗的有効量のメチルナルトレキソンと、5−フルオロウラシル又はベバシズマブである抗癌剤に接触させることを含む内皮細胞におけるVEGF誘導性増殖の相乗的阻害方法。
- 好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖を阻害する方法であって、前記好ましくない遊走又は増殖を相乗的に阻害する量で、メチルナルトレキソンと5−フルオロウラシル又はベバシズマブである抗癌剤との組合せに接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 前記組合せが、前記好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走又は増殖を阻害するための相乗的有効量で、ヒト癌患者へ投与される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 所定量の内皮細胞遊走阻害剤と、代謝拮抗剤又は抗血管新生剤である所定量の抗癌剤とを含む医薬組成物であって、それを必要とする哺乳類において癌を治療するのに相乗的効果を達成する、前記組成物。
- 前記内皮細胞遊走阻害剤がメチルナルトレキソンである、請求項47に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗癌剤が、5−フルオロウラシルである代謝拮抗剤である、請求項47に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗癌剤が、ベバシズマブである抗血管新生剤である、請求項47に記載の組成物。
- 癌細胞をメチルナルトレキソンと、5−フルオロウラシルである代謝拮抗増との組合せに接触させることを含む癌細胞の増殖を阻害する方法であって、前記癌細胞がヒト結腸直腸癌細胞、乳癌細胞及び非小細胞肺癌細胞から選択される、前記方法。
- 前記癌細胞が、SW480又はHCT116であるヒト結腸直腸癌細胞である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記癌細胞が、MCF7である乳癌細胞である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記癌細胞が、非小細胞肺癌細胞である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 癌細胞に、5−フルオロウラシルである抗癌剤と、メチルナルトレキソンであるオピオイドアンタゴニストとの組合せを接触させることを含む、抗癌剤の癌細胞の増殖を阻害する有効性を改善する方法。
- 前記抗癌剤の有効性を改善するための有効量の前記抗癌剤及びオピオイドアンタゴニストが治療を必要とする患者に投与される、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 内皮細胞を有効量のオピオイドアンタゴニストに接触させることを含む、内皮細胞において所定の効果を達成する方法であって、前記所定の効果が、内皮細胞において好ましくない遊走及び/又は増殖を減弱すること、VEGF活性を阻害すること、内皮細胞において外因性オピオイド誘導性の細胞遊走又は細胞増殖を阻害すること、内皮細胞においてRhoA活性化を阻害すること又はこれらの組合せである、前記方法。
- 好ましくない内皮細胞の遊走及び/又は増殖、内皮細胞の過剰増殖、異常な血管新生又はこれらの組合せを特徴とする疾患の治療のためのヒト用薬物の製造におけるオピオイドアンタゴニストの使用。
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US8524731B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
CA2915154C (en) | 2020-10-27 |
CA2649710A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
AU2007237943A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
US20140066467A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
WO2007121447A2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
EP2010176A2 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
US9675602B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
US20060258696A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
JP2014097993A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
JP5451378B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
CA2649710C (en) | 2016-02-23 |
WO2007121447A3 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
AU2007237943B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
CA2915154A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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