JP2009527087A - 安全性が向上した非水電解液及び電気化学素子 - Google Patents
安全性が向上した非水電解液及び電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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Abstract
また、本発明は、正極活物質の表面及脂肪族ジニトリル化合物間の着物(複合体、合成物、錯体)が形成された正極と、化学式1の化合物又はその分解産物を電解液中に1重量%〜10重量%含有する非水電解液とを備えた電気化学素子を提供する。
Description
一般に、正極の充電電圧が高かったり電池の容量を上昇させた場合(スタックの数(パウチ型等)又はジェリーロール(円筒形、角形等)の電極巻取り数の増加)、電池のエネルギーレベルが高くなって外部の物理的衝撃(例えば、熱、温度、圧力等)により発熱しやすく、激しい場合は爆発して電池の安全性を悪化させる。
EC:EMC=1:2の造成比を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として用い、前記電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート1重量%、サクシノニトリル2重量%を添加した。負極は人造黒鉛を用い、正極はLiCoO2を用いる。以後、通常の方法により3443サイズのリチウムポリマー電池を製造し、アルミニウムラミネート包装材を利用した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネートの含量を3重量%用いた以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネートの含量を5重量%用いた以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にサクシノニトリルを添加せず、フルオロエチレンカーボネート1重量%を添加した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネートを添加せず、サクシノニトリル2重量%を添加した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネートの含量を3重量%用いた以外は、比較例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート及びサクシノニトリルの全部を添加しない以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネートの含量を5重量%用いた以外は、比較例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
サクシノニトリルの代りにブチロニトリル(BN)5重量%を用いた以外は、 比較例2と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
1.安全性の実験1
実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2で製造された各電池を4.25V充電した状態で150℃オーブンに放置して、電池の発火及び爆発の可否を観察した。その結果は、図1〜図3に示す。
実施例1及び比較例4で製造した各電池を4.2Vで充電した。一般の熱分析測定器であるDSC(Differential scanning calorimeter)を用い、電解液の蒸気圧に耐えることができる2つの高圧ファンを測定ファンとして使用するが、一つのファンには4.2Vで充電された各電池から分離された正極5mg〜10mg程度を採取して入れ、もう一つのファンは空のファンとして、分当り5℃として400℃まで昇温しながら、2つのファン間の熱量差を分析して発熱温度ピークを測定した。
実施例1、実施例2、比較例1、比較例2、比較例3、比較例4及び比較例6で製造された電池に対し、それぞれ12V 1C、20V 1C条件でCC/CV(Constant Current/Constant Voltage)方式により過充電試験した結果を表1に示した。過充電試験の結果は、複数回の繰返し試験の後、平均値を整理して示した結果である。
実施例3、比較例4及び比較例5で製造された各電池は、80℃で10日間保存した後、電池の性能結果を表2に示す。本発明によりフルオロエチレンカーボネート及びサクシノニトリルを電解液添加剤として用いた実施例3の場合、高温露出の後にも優れた電池の回復容量及び性能を示した。
Claims (12)
- 脂肪族ジニトリル化合物が、下記の化学式2で表されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
N≡C−R−C≡N 式2
[前記式中、
Rは(CH2)nであり、
n=2〜12の整数である。] - 脂肪族ジノニトリル化合物が、サクシノニトリルであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 前記溶媒が、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)及びγ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)からなる群より1種以上選ばれる環状カーボネート;
ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びメチルプロピルカーボネート(MPC)からなる群より1種以上選ばれる鎖状カーボネート;又は、
前記環状カーボネート及び鎖状カーボネートの全部を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。 - 脂肪族モノニトリル化合物を添加剤としてさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 負極表面上に不動態膜を形成できる化合物をさらに含んでなり、
前記化合物が、アルキレン化合物、S系化合物及びラクタム系化合物からなる群より選ばれたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。 - 正極と、負極と、及び請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の非水電解液を備えてなることを特徴とする、電気化学素子。
- 前記脂肪族ジニトリル化合物が、下記の化学式2で表されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
N≡C−R−C≡N 式2
[前記式中、
Rは(CH2)nであり、
n=2〜12の整数である。] - 前記正極活物質の表面と前記脂肪族ジニトリル化合物との間に形成された複合体が、
前記脂肪族ジニトリル化合物が添加された電解液で製造された電気化学素子を高温処理して形成され、或いは
前記脂肪族ジニトリル化合物が添加された電解液に集電体上に正極活物質が塗布された正極を浸漬した後に高温処理して形成されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。 - 前記高温処理が、電気化学素子の組立前、又は、電気化学素子の組立後、30℃以上の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記脂肪族ジニトリル化合物が、サクシノニトリルであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
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US20120129053A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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US9093719B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
WO2007094625A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
CN101385184A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
TW200737565A (en) | 2007-10-01 |
US20100167131A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
US9590276B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
EP2005511B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
KR20070082553A (ko) | 2007-08-21 |
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US20150288034A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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