JP2009526234A - Bcl−2レベルの上昇による癌の検出 - Google Patents
Bcl−2レベルの上昇による癌の検出 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2006年2月9日に出願された米国仮出願出願番号第60/771,677号の利益を主張し、任意の図、表、核酸配列、アミノ酸配列および図面を含めたその全文が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
(a)生体サンプルを、検出可能な物質で直接または間接的に標識されているBcl−2に特異的な一次抗体および固定されているBcl−2に特異的な二次抗体とともにインキュベートすることと、
(b)一次抗体を二次抗体と分離して、一次抗体相および二次抗体相を提供することと、
(c)一次または二次抗体相中の検出可能な物質を検出し、それによって生体サンプル中のBcl−2を定量することと、
(d)定量されたBcl−2を標準と比較すること。
本発明の方法において用いられるBcl−2に特異的な抗体は、科学的供給源または市販の供給源から得ることができる。あるいは、単離された天然Bcl−2または組換えBcl−2を利用して、抗体、モノクローナルまたはポリクローナル抗体、および免疫学的に活性な断片(例えば、Fabまたは(Fab)2断片)、抗体重鎖、抗体軽鎖、ヒト化抗体、遺伝子操作された一本鎖Fv分子(ラドン(Ladne)ら、米国特許第4,946,778号)またはキメラ抗体、例えば、マウス抗体の結合特異性を含むが、残存する部分はヒト起源である抗体を調製できる。抗体、例えば、モノクローナルおよびポリクローナル抗体、断片およびキメラは、当業者に公知の方法を用いて調製できる。好ましくは、本発明の方法に用いられる抗体は、107M以上のKaで結合する場合に、Bcl−2に対して反応性である。本発明のサンドイッチイムノアッセイでは、マウスポリクローナル抗体およびウサギポリクローナル抗体を用いる。
Bcl−2と特異的に反応する抗体、または誘導体、例えば、酵素コンジュゲートまたは標識誘導体を用いて、種々の生体サンプル中のBcl−2を検出できる。例えば、タンパク質の抗原決定基間と抗体の間の結合相互作用に頼る任意の公知のイムノアッセイにおいてそれらを用いることができる。このようなアッセイの例として、ラジオイムノアッセイ、酵素イムノアッセイ(例えば、ELISA)、免疫蛍光、免疫沈降、ラテックス凝集、血球凝集および組織化学的検査がある。
Bcl−2をコードする核酸とハイブリダイズする、天然に存在する核酸、オリゴヌクレオチド、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドおよび合成オリゴヌクレオチドを含めた核酸は、婦人科癌患者の、または婦人科癌の危険のあるものの生体サンプル中の、好ましくは、卵巣癌患者または卵巣癌の危険のあるものの尿中のBcl−2の存在を検出するための薬剤として有用である。本発明は、婦人科癌患者の、または婦人科癌の危険にあるものの生体サンプル中の、好ましくは、卵巣癌患者または卵巣癌の危険のあるものの尿中のBcl−2の発現を検出するための薬剤として使用するための、Bcl−2のコード配列およびその相補配列に対応する核酸配列、ならびにコード配列からさらに上流または下流に生じるBcl−2転写配列に相補的な配列(例えば、5’および3’非翻訳領域に含まれるか、5’および3’非翻訳領域中に伸長する配列)の使用を企図する。
本発明の方法は、固体支持体で実施できる。用いられる固体支持体は、生体サンプル中の分析物をアッセイすることを目的とした従来のものであり得、通常、セルロース、多糖、例えば、セファデックスなどといった材料から構成され、固体支持体の保護および/または取り扱いのための覆いによって部分的に取り囲まれていてもよい。固体支持体は、所望の適用に応じて、剛性であっても、半剛性であっても屈曲性であっても、弾性(形状記憶を有する)などであってもよい。Bcl−2は、サンプルにおいてin vivoでまたはin vitro(ex vivo)で検出できる。本発明の実施形態に従って、サンプル中のBcl−2の量がサンプルを身体から採取することなく(すなわち、in vivoで)測定される場合には、支持体は被験体にとって無害なものでなくてはならず、身体の適当な部分に挿入するのに便宜な任意の形であり得る。例えば、支持体は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリスチレンまたはその他の剛性の有害でないプラスチック材料製で、被験体に導入されるのを可能にする大きさおよび形状を有するプローブであり得る。適当な不活性な支持体の選択は、意図される目的のための寸法のように、当業者の能力の範囲内である。
一態様では、本発明は、癌を診断またはモニタリングするために必要な要素を含むキットを含む。本キットは、患者から生体液を採取するための容器と、その液体中のBcl−2またはそのコーディング核酸の存在を検出するための薬剤を含むことが好ましい。キットの構成要素は、水性媒体中または凍結乾燥した形のいずれかで詰めることができる。
本明細書において、用語「癌」および「癌性」とは、通常、未制御の細胞増殖を特徴とする哺乳類における生理学的状態、すなわち、増殖性障害を指すか説明する。このような増殖性障害の例として、癌腫、リンパ腫、芽腫、肉腫および白血病などの癌、ならびに本明細書に開示されるその他の癌が挙げられる。このような癌のより詳しい例として、乳癌、前立腺癌、結腸癌、扁平上皮癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、胃腸癌、膵臓癌、子宮頸癌、卵巣癌、腹膜癌、肝臓癌、例えば、肝臓癌腫、膀胱癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮内膜癌腫、腎臓癌および甲状腺癌が挙げられる。
患者コホート。事前の制度的承認を取り、H.Lee Moffitt癌センターで、健常な正常な対照ボランティア(N=21)、良性の婦人科障害を有する女性(N=35)および卵巣癌の患者(N=34)から尿および血液サンプルを採取した。8試料を除くすべては、最初の外科的デバルキングの前に採取したが、後者の8試料は、研究への登録時に再発疾患を患って提供された。可能であれば、パラフィンブロックを同定し、FIGOスコアに従ってスライドを再調査して組織学的診断を確認した。これらの女性の医療記録も再調査し、患者の年齢、腫瘍のタイプ、ステージ、グレード、大きさおよび入手可能な場合は取り除かれた外科的処置に関する情報も再調査した。
90人の個人から尿および血液を採取し、サンプルは正常対照(N=21)、良性疾患の女性(N=35)および卵巣癌の女性(N=34)から採取した。後者のカテゴリーは、類内膜(N=1)、粘液性(N=7)ならびに漿液性卵巣癌(N=24)および卵巣癌と関連していることが多い原発性腹膜癌(N=2)と診断された女性からなる。良性の婦人科疾患の女性から採取したサンプルは、良性の嚢胞性奇形腫(N=2)、単純嚢胞(N=1O)、平滑筋腫(N=8)、多嚢胞卵巣疾患(N=1)、卵巣腺線維腫(N=4)、粘液性嚢胞腺腫(N=2)および漿液性嚢胞腺腫(N=8)の女性からなっていた。このコホートは、小パイロット研究を含むが、組織学、グレードおよびステージ分布に関しては、典型的な臨床診察を代表するものである。
図8Aに示されるように、35人の良性の婦人科疾患の女性から得た尿中Bcl−2のELISA測定によって(患者の治療の直前に採取された尿)、平均0.02ng/mlのBcl−2レベルが示され、>1.8ng/ml Bcl−2のサンプルはなかった。これらの良性疾患は、良性の奇形腫、単純嚢胞、平滑筋腫、多嚢胞卵巣、線維腫および腺腫を含んでいた。これらの値は、正常対照と同様であったが卵巣癌サンプルよりも大幅に低く、このことは、尿中Bcl−2レベルの1.8ng/mlを超える上昇は卵巣癌と関連していたということを示唆する。
臨床パラメータの比較により、尿中Bcl−2レベルは患者の年齢と関連していないということが示唆された(図5参照のこと)。正常対照の年齢範囲および平均年齢(29〜81歳、平均48.5±S.D.12.7歳)および良性婦人科疾患の年齢範囲および平均年齢(28〜84歳、平均55.9±S.D.13.9歳)は、卵巣癌の女性のもの(26〜92歳、平均62.2±S.D.13.8歳)よりも幾分か低かったが、この研究では相違は統計的に有意ではなかった。同様に、尿中Bcl−2レベルは、顕微鏡でしか見えない大きさ〜>10cmの範囲の、デバルキング手術で測定された腫瘍の大きさと相関しておらず(図6)、個人間の生物学的変動または腫瘍組成の変動を反映している可能性がある。
尿中Bcl−2の上昇が、癌抗原125(CA125)よりも良好な卵巣癌の診断指標であるかどうかに取り組むために、12人の正常対照および23人の卵巣癌患者において尿中Bcl−2をCA125レベルと比較した(図4Aおよび4B)。調べた患者の中では、卵巣癌検出と関連している尿中Bcl−2の上昇は、ほぼ100%であった。尿中Bcl−2の上昇(>1.8ng/ml)は、17/17の漿液性腺癌患者、4/4の粘液性卵巣癌患者および1/2の原発性腹膜癌患者を卵巣癌陽性と同定した(図4A)。正常対照のうち>1.8ng/mlの尿中Bcl−2レベルを有していたものはなく、その結果、癌陰性として正しく分類された。対照的に、CA125>35U/mlという血中濃度、卵巣癌検出についての現在の基準は、13/17すなわち76%の漿液性腺癌患者を同定した(図4B)。同様に、CA125分析は、3/4すなわち75%の粘液性卵巣癌患者を同定したが、これらの患者におけるCA125レベルは、41〜43U/mlの間の範囲であり、また1/2すなわち50%の原発性腹膜癌患者を癌陽性として同定した。CA125レベルの上昇はまた、2/12すなわち16%の健常な個体を癌陽性として誤って同定し、このことは、尿中Bcl−2の上昇は、CA125よりも正確に卵巣癌を検出するようであるということを示唆する。
卵巣癌を検出するための高レベルの尿中Bcl−2の精度をさらに調べるために、7人の卵巣癌患者において、すべての目に見える腫瘍の除去のための最初のデバルキング手術の直前の(図7Aおよび7B、黒色バー)およびその後2週間以内の(白色バー)尿中Bcl−2のレベルを比較した。最初の手術の前後に尿サンプルを採取した患者については、Bcl−2レベルが腫瘍の外科的除去後に最大100%低下し、このことは、腫瘍の存在が、卵巣癌患者における尿中Bcl−2の上昇とよく相関するということを示唆する。
尿中bcl−2の貯蔵安定性を調べる研究は、サンプルを、プロテアーゼ阻害剤のカクテルを添加して調製した場合には、これらの尿サンプルは、bcl−2検出を喪失することなく、−20℃で1年を超えて保存できるということを示す(図11中、「対照」&「−20℃」参照のこと)。これは、先のサンプルを現在のもので再試験することが望ましい個人にとって有益である。あるいは、これらのサンプルはまた、尿中Bcl−2の検出に悪影響を及ぼさずに、4℃で最大4日間保存できる。これらは、尿サンプルにプロテアーゼ阻害剤が添加されており、尿サンプルが冷たく維持されている場合には、患者の尿サンプルを、Bcl−2試験のために(離れている可能性がある地理的地域から)実験室に輸送するのに必要とされる可能性がある時間が、尿中bcl−2の結果に悪影響を及ぼさないことを示すので重要な結果である。しかし、室温で4日間保存したサンプルではBcl−2の減少が測定され、−80℃で保存した尿サンプルではBcl−2は検出できなかった。したがって、Bcl−2検出のための尿サンプルを、室温または−80℃のいずれかで保存することは禁制的であると思われる。
配列番号1は、ヒトBcl−2DNA(GeneBank受託番号M14745);コード領域(CDS);塩基32〜751である。
配列番号2は、ヒトBcl−2タンパク質(GeneBank受託番号AAA35591)である。
配列番号3は、ヒトBcl−2DNA、転写物変異体α(GeneBank受託番号NM_000633);CDS;塩基494〜1213である。
配列番号4は、ヒトBcl−2タンパク質、転写物変異体α(GeneBank受託番号NP_000624)である。
配列番号5は、ヒトBcl−2DNA、転写物変異体β(GeneBank受託番号NM_000657);CDS;塩基494〜1111である。
配列番号6は、ヒトBcl−2タンパク質、転写物変異体β(GeneBank受託番号NP_000648)である。
Claims (41)
- 被験体において癌を検出する方法であって、被験体から得た生体サンプル中のBcl−2の存在を検出するステップを含み、所定の閾値を上回るBcl−2のレベルが被験体における癌を示すものである前記方法。
- 前記検出ステップが、生体サンプルにおいてBcl−2タンパク質を検出するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップが、生体サンプルにおいてBcl−2タンパク質をコードする核酸配列を検出するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップが、
(a)生体サンプルを、Bcl−2タンパク質と結合して複合体を形成する結合剤と接触させるステップと、
(b)複合体を検出するステップと、検出された複合体を、サンプル中のBcl−2タンパク質の量と関連付けるステップと
を含み、高まったBcl−2タンパク質の存在が癌を示すものである、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 生体サンプルが、尿、全血、血清、血漿、腹水および腹膜液からなる群から選択される生体液である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体サンプルが尿である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 癌が、卵巣癌、原発性腹膜癌および子宮内膜癌からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 癌が卵巣癌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体サンプルが、尿または血液であり、癌が卵巣癌である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 癌が、乳癌、子宮内膜癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、結腸癌、前立腺癌、メラノーマ、神経膠芽腫、肉腫、膀胱癌および頭頸部癌からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体サンプルが、尿または血液であり、癌が前立腺癌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 結合剤が支持体上に固定されている、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 結合剤が、モノクローナルまたはポリクローナル抗体である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記の(b)の検出ステップが、結合剤上に標識を連結する、または組み込むステップをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記の(b)の検出ステップが、ELISAに基づく免疫酵素的検出を用いる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記のBcl−2の検出ステップの前に、間に、または後に、被験体から得られた同一生体サンプルまたは異なる生体サンプルにおいて、癌のバイオマーカーを検出するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 癌のバイオマーカーが、婦人科癌のバイオマーカーである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- バイオマーカーが、CA125、LPAまたはOVXIである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が癌を患っており、前記検出ステップを、癌の治療の前、間または後に、被験体のモニタリングの一環として、間隔を置いていくつかの時点で実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生体サンプル中のBcl−2のレベルを、正常対照サンプル中に存在するBcl−2のレベルと比較するステップをさらに含み、正常対照サンプル中のレベルと比較して、生体サンプル中の高レベルのBcl−2が癌を示すものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップが実施される時点で、被験体が癌の症状を示していない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップが実施される時点で、被験体が1以上の癌の症状を示している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 被験体が、骨盤痛、異常な膣出血、腹部膨隆または腹部膨満、持続性背痛、持続性の胃の不調、排便または排尿パターンの変化、性交痛、10ポンド以上の意図していない体重減少、外陰部または膣の異常、乳房の変化および疲労からなる群から選択される1以上の症状を示している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップの時点で、被験体の血中CA125レベルが上がっている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出ステップの時点で、被験体の血中CA125レベルが上がっていない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 癌を有するか、癌を有している疑いのある被験体の予後を評価する方法であって、a)被験体から得られた生体サンプル中のBcl−2のレベルを測定するステップと、b)ステップ(a)で測定したレベルを、癌を有していない正常な被験体から得られた生体サンプル中に存在するとわかっているBcl−2の範囲と比較するステップと、c)ステップ(b)の比較に基づいて被験体の予後を決めるステップとを含み、ステップ(a)における高レベルのBcl−2が、攻撃的な癌の形態、ひいては、不良な予後を示すものである方法。
- 体液のサンプル中のBcl−2の迅速検出のための装置であって、体液のサンプルを受容するための適用ゾーンと、サンプル中のBcl−2と結合する結合剤を含有する標識ゾーンと、Bcl−2が結合している結合剤がシグナルを与えるよう保持される検出ゾーンとを含み、閾値濃度よりも低いレベルのBcl−2を有する被験体から得たサンプルに与えられるシグナルが、閾値濃度よりも高いBcl−2レベルを有する患者から得たサンプルに与えられるシグナルとは異なるものである前記装置。
- 体液が尿であり、前記閾値濃度が0ng/ml〜2.0ng/mlの間である、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 体液が尿であり、前記閾値濃度が1.8ng/mlである、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 閾値濃度と等しいBcl−2レベルを有する被験体から得たサンプルに対して検出ゾーンにおいて与えられるシグナルと同一強度を有するシグナルを与える参照ゾーンを有する、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 結合剤がタグを付けた抗体である、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 抗体にコロイド金でタグが付いている、請求項31に記載の装置。
- 検出ゾーンが、固定化された抗Bcl−2抗体を含む、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 検出ゾーンを通過する結合剤を保持する検出ゾーンの下流に対照ゾーンを有する、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 対照ゾーンと参照ゾーンが同一ゾーンである、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 結合剤がタグを付けたモノクローナル抗体である、請求項27に記載の装置。
- 体液中のBcl−2を測定する方法であって、(a)被験体から体液のサンプルを得るステップと、(b)サンプルを、サンプル中の任意のBcl−2と結合する結合剤と接触させるステップと、(c)Bcl−2が結合している結合剤を分離するステップと、(d)(c)からの分離された結合剤と関連するシグナルを検出するステップと、(e)ステップ(d)において検出されたシグナルを、閾値濃度と等しいBcl−2レベルを有する被験体から得たサンプルによって与えられるシグナルに対応する参照シグナルと比較するステップとを含む方法。
- 体液が尿であり、前記閾値濃度が0ng/ml〜2.0ng/mlの間である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 体液が尿であり、前記閾値濃度が1.8ng/mlの間である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 結合剤を用い、生体液を用いて癌を検出するための、Bcl−2に特異的な結合剤と、印刷された説明書とを含む、生体サンプル中の癌を検出するためのキット。
- 生体サンプルに適用される1種以上のプロテアーゼ阻害剤をさらに含む、請求項40に記載のキット。
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IL192866A (en) | 2013-04-30 |
BRPI0707645A2 (pt) | 2011-05-10 |
EP1996940B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
US20080009005A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
US20110318763A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
ZA200805787B (en) | 2009-05-27 |
EP1996940A2 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
WO2007092627A2 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
US20190072556A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
NZ570008A (en) | 2011-10-28 |
RU2008136193A (ru) | 2010-03-20 |
BRPI0707645B8 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
WO2007092627A9 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
BRPI0707645B1 (pt) | 2019-04-09 |
US20160258960A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
US8034549B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 |
CA2642051A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
RU2436098C2 (ru) | 2011-12-10 |
CA2642051C (en) | 2017-01-24 |
WO2007092627A3 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
SG169395A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
NO20083820L (no) | 2008-11-07 |
AU2007212278A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
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