JP2009521934A - 薬物標的としての天然アンチセンスおよび非コードrna転写物 - Google Patents
薬物標的としての天然アンチセンスおよび非コードrna転写物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
配列特異的siRNAは標的核酸分子に結合し、遺伝子発現産物の発現を制御する。異常な細胞増殖、神経疾患、異常な細胞制御、疾患などの処置に標的核酸の上方調節または阻害が効果的である方法が提供される。創薬方法が本発明の範囲に含まれる。
本発明は、添付の特許請求の範囲に詳細に示してある。この発明の上記のおよびさらなる利点は、添付の図面とともに以下の説明を参照することによってよりよく理解することができる。
低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)は、アンチセンス転写物をノックダウンして、そのセンスパートナーの発現を制御する。この制御は不一致的である(アンチセンスノックダウンによりセンス転写物が増加する)場合、または、一致的である(concordant)(アンチセンスノックダウンに伴いセンス転写物が減少する)場合がある。siRNAによるアンチセンスRNA転写物のノックダウン(または、別のRNAターゲティング理論)に基づく新規な薬理学的戦略が提供される。不一致的制御の場合、アンチセンス転写物のノックダウンは従来の(センス)遺伝子の発現を高め、それによって、アゴニスト/アクティベーター作用を模倣すると考えられる。一致的制御の場合、アンチセンス転写物およびセンス転写物の同時的なノックダウンは、従来の(センス)遺伝子発現を相乗的に減少させる。
定義
非コードRNA(ncRNA)の概念:分子生物学のセントラルドグマは、半世紀以上の間、DNAにコードされている遺伝情報が転写されて中間分子であるRNAを形成し、これが今度は、タンパク質を形成するアミノ酸に翻訳されるとしていた。有力な仮説は、遺伝子がタンパク質に直接関連している(「1遺伝子−1タンパク質」)というものであった。ここ数年、我々はRNAレベルの複雑さが以前に想定していたよりはるかに重大であることを理解するに至った。かかる複雑さは、主に非コード転写物(ならびに選択的スプライシング現象)によるものであり、特に真核生物で明瞭である(Mattick, J.S. (2004) RNA regulation: a new genetics? Nat Rev Genet 5 (4), 316-323)。
この発明に従って、当業者は、mRNAが、翻訳開始およびストップコドンを含む3文字の遺伝コードを用いてタンパク質をコードするための情報を有するコード領域だけでなく、当業者に5’非翻訳領域、3’非翻訳領域、5’キャップ領域、イントロン領域およびイントロン/エクソンまたはスプライス部位リボヌクレオチドなどとして知られている領域を形成する、関連するリボヌクレオチドを含むことを理解する。したがって、本発明により、これらの関連するリボヌクレオチドならびにコードリボヌクレオチドに完全にまたは部分的に標的化されたオリゴヌクレオチドを作製することができる。好ましい態様において、オリゴヌクレオチドは、翻訳開始部位(AUGコドン)またはmRNAのコード領域、5’非翻訳領域もしくは3非翻訳領域における配列に標的化される。干渉されるmRNAの機能は、全ての生命機能、例えばRNAのタンパク質翻訳のための部位への移行、RNAからのタンパク質の実際の翻訳、RNAのスプライシングまたは成熟、および場合によりRNAが関与し得る独立した触媒活性さえも含む。RNA機能に対するかかる干渉の全体的な影響は、タンパク質発現に対する干渉を引き起こすことである。
別の好ましい態様において、siRNAオリゴヌクレオチドは、がんを発症しやすい患者または癌に罹患した患者の処置に用いられる。がん細胞で過剰発現される遺伝子産物を同定し、siRNAオリゴヌクレオチドが正常細胞に対して選択的にがん細胞を標的とすることができる。例えば、発現配列タグ(EST)を用いて、がん細胞で過剰発現される核酸分子を同定することができる[発現配列タグ(EST)シーケンシング(Celis, et al., FEBS Lett., 2000, 480, 2-16; Larsson, et al., J. Biotechnology., 2000, 80, 143-57]。種々のデータベースからのESTを同定することができる。例えば、好ましいデータベースは、例えば、Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)、Cancer Genome Anatomy Project(CGAP)、GenBank、EMBL、PIR、SWISS−PROTなどを含む。疾患に関連した遺伝子変異のデータベースであるOMIMは、1つには、National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)のために開発された。OMIMはインターネットのワールドワイドウェブを介して、例えばncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/にてアクセスすることができる。CGAPは、がん細胞の分子解剖を解明するのに必要な情報および技術的ツールを確立するための学際的なプログラムである。CGAPはインターネットのワールドワイドウェブを介して、例えばncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ncicgap/でアクセスすることができる。これらのデータベースのいくつかは、完全なまたは部分的なヌクレオチド配列を含み得る。加えて、選択的転写形態(alternative transcript form)を、私的遺伝子データベースから選択することもできる。あるいは、核酸分子は利用可能な出版物から選択することができ、または、本発明に関連して用いるために、特別に決定することができる。
好ましい態様において、発明の組成物は、所望の核酸配列を標的とする。標的核酸配列は、種々の方法、例えばSAGEなどによって同定することができる。SAGEは、複数の原理に基づく。第1に、短いヌクレオチド配列タグ(9〜10b.p.)は、それが転写物内の確定した位置から単離されるならば、転写物をユニークに特定するのに足りる十分な情報内容を含む。例えば、9b.p.の短い配列は、タグ部位でのランダムなヌクレオチド分布を所与とすれば、262,144の転写物を識別することができる一方、ヒトゲノムが推定で約80,000〜200,000の転写物をコードすることが示唆されている(Fields, et al., Nature Genetics, 7:345 1994)。タグのサイズは、例えば、ゲノムによってコードされる転写物の数がより少ない下等真核生物または原核生物についてはより短くてもよい。例えば、6〜7b.p.の短いタグは、酵母において転写物を識別するのに十分であろう。
別の好ましい態様において、siRNAは、免疫細胞が疾患に関与する疾患、例えば自己免疫性疾患、アレルゲンに対する過敏症、臓器拒絶、炎症などの処置に用いることができる。炎症の例は、例えば以下の状態に関連するものである:敗血症または外傷に続発する成人呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)または多臓器損傷症候群、心筋または他の組織の再灌流障害、急性糸球体腎炎、反応性関節炎、急性炎症成分による皮膚病、急性化膿性髄膜炎または他の中枢神経系炎症性疾患、熱傷、血液透析、白血球アフェレーシス、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、壊死性腸炎、顆粒球輸血関連症候群、および、サイトカイン誘発毒性。自己免疫性疾患の例は、限定することなく、乾癬、I型糖尿病、レイノー症候群、自己免疫性甲状腺炎、EAE、多発性硬化症、慢性関節リウマチおよび紅班性狼瘡を含む。
好ましい態様において、細胞表面レセプターが制御される(制御される)。細胞レセプターの制御は、例えば、疾患治療のための候補薬のスクリーニングに用いることができる。siRNAを用いて、我々はsiRNAによるアンチセンスRNAの混乱が、対応するセンスメッセンジャーRNAの発現を変化させることができるという実験的な証拠を提供した。しかしながら、この制御は、一致的(アンチセンスノックダウンがセンス転写物の増大をもたらす)、または、不一致的(アンチセンスノックダウンが付随するセンス転写物の低減をもたらす)であり得る。理論に束縛されることを望むことなく、遺伝子を制御する概念を図1A〜1Bおよび図2A〜2Bに例示した。表2に、siRNAによって標的化された様々なヒトおよびマウスのアンチセンス転写物を示す。これらの場合、2または3以上のsiRNAがアンチセンス鎖の非オーバーラップ部分に標的化され、ノックダウンをRT−PCRを用いて確認した。表2は、コードアンチセンスならびに非コードアンチセンスを同一の方法で標的化でき、いずれのカテゴリーも対応するセンス転写物を、一致的または不一致的様式で制御することができるという所見を例示する。ここで我々はsiRNAによるアンチセンスRNA転写物のノックダウン(または、その他のRNA標的化原理)に基づく可能性のある2つの新規な薬理学的戦略を提案する:
好ましい発明の実行は、前述のsiRNAポリヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つを好適な核酸送達システムで投与することを含む。1つの態様において、そのシステムは、ポリヌクレオチドに作動可能に連結された非ウイルスベクターを含む。かかる非ウイルスベクターの例は、単独の、または、好適なタンパク質、多糖または脂質製剤と組み合わせたポリヌクレオシドを含む。
宿主細胞または有機体への外因性核酸ベクターによるの移送は、細胞または有機体において直接核酸の存在を検出することによって評価することができる。かかる検出は、当該技術分野においてよく知られた複数の方法によって達成することができる。例えば、外因性核酸の存在は、サザンブロットによって、または、核酸に関連するヌクレオチド配列を特異的に増幅するプライマーを用いたポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)技法によって検出することができる。外因性核酸の発現はまた、従来の方法を用いて測定することができる。例えば、外因性核酸から産生されるmRNAは、ノーザンブロットおよび逆転写PCR(RT−PCR)を用いて検出および定量化することができる。
本発明のさらなる側面では、特定の遺伝子または遺伝子ファミリーの発現を制御するRNAi分子が提供され、そうして遺伝子の発現が機能的に消去または上方調節され得る。1つの態様においては、遺伝子の同じ領域を標的とする少なくとも2つのRNAi分子が提供される。別の態様においては、同じ遺伝子の少なくとも2つの異なる領域を標的とする少なくとも2つのRNAi分子が提供される。さらなる態様において、少なくとも2つの異なる遺伝子を標的とする少なくとも2つのRNAi分子が提供される。発明のさらなる態様は、遺伝子標的化のための上記戦略の組み合わせを提供する。
材料および方法
in situハイブリダイゼーション
HeLa細胞をシランコートされたスライドの表面上で一晩増殖させ、4%のパラホルムアルデヒド(pH7.4)で4分間固定した。スライドを風乾した後、付着細胞のDNaseによる37℃、16時間の処理を容易にするためにチャンバーを用いた。DNase Master Mixは、10×TurboDNase Buffer(Ambion社)、100単位のDNase1、100単位のTurboDNaseおよび100単位のSuprasinを最終容量200μl中に含んだ。その後細胞を1×PBSで洗浄し、次いで95℃で5分間インキュベートした。第一鎖cDNAは、10×RT Buffer(Applied Biosystems社)、2.5mMのMgCl2、10mMのdNTP混合物、10pMのRandom Hexamers、100単位のRNase Inhibitorおよび500単位の逆転写酵素を最終容量200μlに含むRT-Master Mixで合成した。RT反応は、以下の条件を用いて達成した:室温で30分、42℃で3時間、および、95℃で5分間。in situハイブリダイゼーションのために、細胞を65℃で1時間、ブロッキングバッファー(10mMのTris-HCl、50mMのKCl、1.5mMのMgCl2、1%のTriton-X、20μMのRandom DNAを最終容量200μl中に含む)中でインキュベートした。ブロッキングの後、細胞を70℃で1時間、10μMのイントロンをまたぐ特異的プローブ(配列を表1、3に示す)でハイブリダイズした。次いで、スライドを、事前に温めたPBSで2回洗浄した。
HeLa培養物を、各々の明視野で数個の細胞に希釈した。RNAを、共焦顕微鏡の案内の下で採取した15の個別細胞から抽出した。第一鎖cDNA合成は、RNAから、Clontech社からのSMARTおよびCDSIII 3’オリゴヌクレオチドおよびPowerscript逆転写酵素を用い、製造者の指示に従って行った。次いで、この第一鎖cDNAを、Clontech社cDNAライブラリーキットからのLDプライマー、DSIII PCRプライマーおよびAdvantage2 Polymeraseミックスを用いたPCR増幅に用いた。
細胞質抽出物を、種々のベクターでトランスフェクトしたHeLa細胞から調製した。細胞を24時間のトランスフェクションの後に回収し、1000gで5分間、4℃にて遠心分離した。細胞ペレットを、氷冷PBS、pH7.2で3回洗浄し、細胞容積の3倍量の溶解バッファー(20mMのTris−HCl、pH7.4、200mMのNaCl、14mMのMgCl2、20単位のSuprasin、100単位のプロテアーゼインヒビター、100μg/mlのシクロヘキサミド、0.1%の(v/v)のTriton X-100)中、10分間氷上で溶解した。核を、5000gで10分間、4℃にて遠心分離して単離した。上清は細胞質抽出物を含んでおり、これを直ちにTrizol(Invitrogen社)によるRNA抽出に用いた。核抽出物は、ペレットを細胞溶解バッファーで1回、そして、1×PBS、pH7.2で2回洗浄して調製した。次いで、核RNAをTrizol試薬を用いて回収した。純度(>98%)および核の完全性を、顕微鏡で決定した。
Ambion社からのDirect Protect Lysate RPAキットを用いて、細胞質溶解液をRNaseカクテルバッファーで処理し、RNaseAおよびTカクテルとともに37℃で30分間インキュベートした。ヌクレアーゼは、サルコシル(sacrosyl)ナトリウムおよびプロテイナーゼとともに37℃で30分間インキュベートすることにより除去した。RNAは、99%エタノールおよびグリコーゲンブルー(glycogen blue)を用いて沈殿させ、次いでTurboDNase(Ambion社)でDNase処理し、その後10%変性PAGE/8M尿素で分離した。
全RNAを、Trizol(Invitrogen社)を用いて回収し、99%エタノールで沈殿させた。1レーンあたり30μgの全RNAを負荷し、10%のPAGE/尿素ゲル上で分離した。次いで、RNAをナイロンメンブレン(Amersham社)に転写し、サケ精子DNAで6時間ブロッキングした。ブロッキングしたメンブレンを、TSおよびrTSα遺伝子のオーバーラップ領域をまたぐ放射性標識S−ASプローブで、一晩ハイブリダイズした。プローブは、32P標識ヌクレオチドおよびAmersham社のランダムプライミングキットを用いた、オーバーラップDNAのランダムプライミングによって作製した。全てのメンブレンを、低ストリンジェンシーバッファーで1回、そして、高ストリンジェンシーバッファーで2回、それぞれ1時間洗浄し、シグナルをTyphoon蛍光画像装置で検出した。
HeLa細胞を、10%FBS添加D−MEMで培養した。対数増殖期の細胞を、センスまたはアンチセンスオーバーラップ領域のいずれかまたはその両方を有するルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を含むプラスミドでトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクションの24時間後に、細胞をさらなる実験に用いた。pGL3コントロールベクター(Promega社)を、全てのS−AS構築物の作製に用いた。我々は、クローニングのためにホタルルシフェラーゼの下流に、Pst1およびEcoR1制限部位を設けた。BamH1配列を用いてオーバーラップ領域間にヘアピンを形成し、連続的なS−AS配列を有するベクターを構築した(プライマーおよびプローブ配列は、表3に列挙した)。同じベクターを、MEGAscript転写キット(Ambion社)を用いた、S−ASオーバーラップmRNAのIVTのテンプレートとして用いた。
リアルタイムPCR(RT−PCR)は、GeneAmp 7000装置(Applied Biosystems社)で行った。PCR反応は、20ngのcDNA、SybrgreenまたはUniversal Mastermix(Applied Biosystems社)、300nMのフォワードおよびリバースプライマー、および200nMのプローブを最終容量50μlに含んだ(プライマーおよびプローブ配列は、表1、3に列挙した)。プライマーおよびプローブは、PrimerExpressソフトウェア(Applied Biosystems社)を用いて設計した。これらは各々のS−ASペアに対して鎖特異的であり、プローブは、ゲノムDNA増幅の可能性を排除するためにエクソン境界をカバーしている。全ての遺伝子のPCR条件は、以下の通りであった:2分間50℃および10分間95℃、15秒95℃および1分間60℃を40サイクル。結果はサイクル閾値(Ct値)に基づいている。被験遺伝子および参照遺伝子(β2MまたはGAPDHのいずれか)のCt値の差は、ΔΔCtとして計算した。
現状において、アンチセンス転写物レベルに影響を及ぼす唯一の手法は、効果的な転写物のノックダウンを達成することを目的とするsiRNAの使用によるものであった。後の用語−ノックダウン−は、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを研究していた1990年代初めに、我々が導入したものであるが(Wahlestedt, C. (1994) Antisense oligonucleotide strategies in neuropharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15 (2):42-46)、これはsiRNAにも等しく適用できる。
天然に存在するアンチセンス転写物(NAT)は、ヒトゲノムの20%について報告されている。最近の報告は、マウス転写物の少なくとも72%についてNATが存在することを示している。大部分の天然アンチセンス転写物は、シスコードされたアンチセンスである。定義上、シスNATは、同じ染色体座におけるオーバーラップ転写単位を有する相補的なmRNAである。トランスNATは、異なる染色体座から転写される相補的なRNAである。キメラ転写物はゲノムの2以上の領域に対して同一性を有するmRNAであり、cDNAライブラリー作製のアーティファクトである可能性がある。70%以上のシスNATは、3’オーバーラップを有するテールトゥテール型であるが、15%は5’オーバーラップ領域を有するヘッドトゥヘッド型である。残りの分子は、イントロンまたはコード配列オーバーラップを有する。多くのNATはオープンリーディングフレームを示さず、非コードRNAに分類される。
cDNA末端の迅速増幅法(RACE):RLM-RACE ready cDNA(Ambion社、Austin、TX)を利用し、ヒトのおよびマウス脳からのcDNAを、遺伝子特異的プライマーおよびキットプライマーによるネストPCR反応に用いた。マウスおよびヒトの3’および5’PCR産物をゲルから切り出し、精製し、T-Easyベクター(Promega社)にクローニングした。各系列からの20個の陽性コロニーをシーケンシングした。
本発明をその詳細な説明とともに解説したが、上記説明が本発明の範囲を限定するのではなく、例示することを意図していることを理解すべきである。他の側面、利点および改変は、特許請求の範囲およびその法的等価物の範囲内である。
本明細書は多くの具体的態様を含むが、これらは本発明の範囲に対する制限ではなく、むしろその好ましい態様の例として解釈すべきである。多くの他のバリエーションが可能である。本明細書に引用したの全ての参考文献は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (34)
- 配列番号1〜67の核酸分子およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを、薬学的に許容し得る担体に含む、神経疾患を処置するための医薬組成物。
- 核酸分子が、センス/アンチセンス遺伝子座のオーバーラップ領域を標的とするsiRNA分子を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 核酸分子が、配列番号4〜8およびその変異体を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 核酸分子が、配列番号40〜61、64〜67およびその変異体を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 核酸分子が、配列番号41〜43および配列番号44〜45ならびにその変異体を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 核酸分子が、BACE転写物を標的とする、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを含む、単離された核酸。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の1または2以上を含む発現ベクター。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の1または2以上によりコードされる、単離されたペプチド。
- BACE−1 mRNA、BACE−1−AS RNAおよび配列番号1〜67およびそのペプチドに特異的な、単離された抗体。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを、それを必要とする患者に投与することを含む、神経疾患を処置する方法。
- 核酸分子が、薬学的に許容し得る担体に含まれた状態で投与される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 配列番号1〜67の核酸分子が、センス/アンチセンス遺伝子座のオーバーラップ領域を標的化するように組み合わせて投与される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 医薬組成物が、配列番号41〜43および配列番号44〜45ならびにその変異体を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 患者に、配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも2つの種々の組合せを、処置期間中にわたって投与する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 神経疾患が、アルツハイマー病、失語症、ベル麻痺、クロイツフェルトヤコブ病、てんかん、脳炎、ハンチントン病、神経筋障害、神経腫瘍学疾患、神経免疫学疾患、神経耳科学疾患、疼痛、恐怖症、睡眠障害、トゥレット症候群、パーキンソン病およびその他の運動障害を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子発現を上方調節する方法であって、
核酸分子をセンス鎖のアンチセンス転写物に標的化すること(ここで、アンチセンス転写物を標的とする核酸分子はアンチセンス鎖と相補的である)、および、
核酸分子をアンチセンス転写物に結合させること
を含み、センス鎖の発現は上昇し、遺伝子発現は上方調節される、前記方法。 - 核酸分子が干渉RNA分子である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 核酸分子が、配列番号1〜3、4〜32、40〜61、64〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも1つである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 配列番号1〜3、4〜32、40〜61、64〜67の核酸分子およびその変異体が、それぞれ少なくとも1つの修飾核酸塩基を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子発現を阻害する方法であって、
核酸分子を、アンチセンス転写物およびセンス鎖転写物に標的化すること(ここで、アンチセンス転写物を標的とする核酸分子はアンチセンス鎖と相補的であり、センス転写物を標的とする核酸分子はセンス鎖と相補的である)、および、
核酸分子をアンチセンス転写物およびセンス転写物に結合させること
を含み、遺伝子発現は阻害される、前記方法。 - 核酸分子がRNA分子である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- アンチセンス転写物およびセンス転写物を標的とする核酸分子が、該転写物に、互いに収束する方向もしくは発散する方向で結合するか、またはオーバーラップしている、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 標的となる核酸が、コード転写物または非コード転写物である、請求項21の方法。
- 標的となる遺伝子が、CD97、TS−α、C/EBPデルタ、CDC23、PINK1、HIF1α、Gnbp3g、アドレノメデュリンAM1レセプター、6330439J10(3−オキソ酸CoAトランスフェラーゼ)、CtpW85(カテプシンW)、Ddx−39、rTS−α、I530027A02、Kif20a、PINK−AS、aHIF1α、Gnbp3g−AS、AdmR−AS、A230019L24、BACEまたはCtpW−ASを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 標的となるコード核酸が、核酸配列PINK−AS、aHIF1α、Gnbp3g−AS、AdmR−AS、A230019L24またはCtpW−ASを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 標的となる非コード核酸が、核酸配列CD97、TS−α、C/EBPデルタ、CDC23、PINK1、HIF1α、Gnbp3g、アドレノメデュリンAM1レセプター、6330439J10(3−オキソ酸CoAトランスフェラーゼ)、CtpW85(カテプシンW)、Ddx−39、rTS−α、I530027A02またはKif20aを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを含む医薬組成物。
- 配列番号1〜67によって同定される分子が、加齢黄斑変性症を処置するものである、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 配列番号1〜67およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを含む、単離された核酸。
- 配列番号1〜67の核酸分子およびその変異体が、それぞれ少なくとも1つの修飾核酸塩基を含む、請求項30に記載の単離された核酸分子。
- CD97、TS−α、C/EBPデルタ、CDC23、PINK1、HIF1α、Gnbp3g、アドレノメデュリンAM1レセプター、6330439J10(3−オキソ酸CoAトランスフェラーゼ)、CtpW85(カテプシンW)、Ddx−39、rTS−α、I530027A02、Kif20a、PINK−AS、aHIF1α、Gnbp3g−AS、AdmR−AS、A230019L24、BACEまたはCtpW−ASを含む少なくとも1つの遺伝子を標的とする核酸配列を含む組成物。
- 配列番号1〜3およびその変異体の少なくとも1つを、それを必要とする患者に投与することを含む、パーキンソン病を処置する方法。
- 配列番号1〜3が、薬学的に許容し得る担体に含まれた状態で投与される、請求項33に記載の方法。
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KR102043422B1 (ko) | 2011-06-09 | 2019-11-11 | 큐알엔에이, 인크. | 프라탁신 (fxn)에 대한 자연 안티센스 전사체의 저해에 의한 프라탁신 (fxn) 관련된 질환의 치료 |
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CN103301475B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
US20090258925A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
JP6422463B2 (ja) | 2018-11-14 |
JP5713377B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
JP6163467B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
US20130053428A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
JP2015017104A (ja) | 2015-01-29 |
CN103301475A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
CN101437933A (zh) | 2009-05-20 |
EP1976567B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
US20180148721A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
EP1976567A4 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
WO2007087113A2 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
JP2016175920A (ja) | 2016-10-06 |
US10472627B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
CN101437933B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
US9803195B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
US8288354B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
WO2007087113A3 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
EP1976567A2 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
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