JP2009514181A - 高容量の電極、及びその製造及び使用のための方法 - Google Patents
高容量の電極、及びその製造及び使用のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は概して電気化学的に活性な材料に関する。さらに詳細には、本発明は電極、特別な例としてリチウムバッテリーのための負極としての有用性を持つ電極、及びそれらの製造及び使用のための方法に関する。
負極はリチウムバッテリーに重要な部品である。これは電気化学的に活性であり、該バッテリーの充電サイクルの間にリチウムを取り込み且つ挿入あるいは組み込み、及び該バッテリーが放電するときはリチウムを放出する。多くの場合、リチウムの取り込み及び放出は、該負極の電気化学的に活性な材料の物理的な崩壊を引き起こし、それによってその保全性を損ない得る体積変化を生じ得る。この保全性損失は、バッテリー性能を度重なる変化及び放電サイクルによって減少させる。従って、バッテリーの安定性及び性能は、電極材料の保全性損失を減少させると増加するものと考えられる。
リチウムバッテリーのための電極がここで開示される。該電極は、その後に担持される電気化学的に活性な電極組成物を有する伝導性材料を含む。該組成物は、可逆的な挿入又はリチウムと合金になることができ、且つそれが合金になったときに体積変化を示す活性な材料を含む。該組成物は、活性な材料とは異なり、且つ該電極のサイクルライフを向上させるのに作用する緩衝剤をさらに含む。この点では、該緩衝剤が該活性な材料における体積変化に順応し、該組成物の機械的な歪みを最小化させて該活性な材料をリチウムと可逆的に合金化すると考えられている。ある場合では、該組成物は炭素をさらに含んでよく、この炭素は例えば1種以上の該活性な材料及び該緩衝剤におけるコーティングとして処理され得る。
本発明の電極は、バッテリーのサイクル中にリチウムを保存及び放出する電気化学的に活性な組成物を含む。この電極組成物は、典型的に良好な伝導性を有する基体部分に配置及び担持されている。
Claims (20)
- 伝導性基体、及び
該基体に担持されている電気化学的に活性な電極組成物、該電気化学的に活性な組成物は、リチウムと合金化することができ且つリチウムと合金化するときに体積変化を示す活性な材料、及び該電極のサイクルライフを向上させる緩衝剤を含む、
を含む、リチウムバッテリーのための電極。 - 前記電気化学的に活性な電極組成物が炭素をさらに含む、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記炭素が、前記活性な材料及び/又は前記緩衝剤の粒子の少なくとも一部に配置されているコーティングを含む、請求項2記載の電極。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な電極組成物の多数の層、及びその間に挿入されている炭素の多数の層を含み、該層が前記基体上に積み重なった関係で担持されている、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記活性な材料が、Si、Sn、Snの酸化物、Al、Sb、Sbの酸化物、Bi、Biの酸化物、Cr、Crの酸化物、W、Wの酸化物、それらの組み合わせ、及び前記リチウム合金からなる群から選択される1種を含む、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記緩衝剤が金属又は金属酸化物を含み、且つ前記緩衝剤が前記活性な材料と異なる、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記緩衝剤が、遷移金属、遷移金属の酸化物、又は前記金属又は酸化物のリチウム合金であり、且つ前記緩衝剤が前記活性な材料と異なる、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記活性な材料が、1nm〜500μmの範囲のサイズを有する粒子を含む、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記緩衝剤が、10nm〜300μmの範囲のサイズを有する粒子を含む、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記緩衝剤が、質量基準で0.1〜80%の前記電気化学的に活性な組成物を含む、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記緩衝剤が電気化学的に活性であり、前記電極を組み込んでいるリチウムバッテリーの操作サイクル中にリチウムを取り込み及び放出することができる、請求項1記載の電極。
- 前記活性な材料が、前記電極が最初にリチウムバッテリーに組み込まれる時よりも前に少なくとも部分的にリチウム化される、請求項1記載の電極。
- 請求項1記載の電極を組み込んでいる、バッテリー。
- 前記バッテリーが、そこに少なくとも部分的にフッ素化されたカーボネートを組み込んでいる電極を含む、請求項13記載のバッテリー。
- 完全に放電した荷電状態以下の第一の荷電状態と、前記第一の荷電状態以上であるが完全に充電された状態未満の第二の荷電状態との間で前記バッテリーを循環させ、前記電気化学的に活性な組成物における体積変化を最小化させる工程を含む、請求項13記載のバッテリーを操作する方法。
- 伝導性基体、及び
前記基体上に担持されている電気化学的に活性な電極組成物を含み、該電気化学的に活性な組成物が、
5〜98質量%のケイ素の粒子、該粒子は1〜500nmの範囲のサイズを有し、該活性な材料はリチウムと合金化し且つ合金化するときに体積変化を示すことができ、該活性な材料は少なくとも部分的にリチウム化されていてもよい、
遷移金属及び/又は遷移金属酸化物の粒子を含む0.1〜80質量%の緩衝剤、該粒子は0.1〜20μmの範囲のサイズを有し、該緩衝剤は該電極のサイクルライフを向上させるのに活性である、及び
任意に0.1〜80%の炭素を含む、リチウムバッテリーのための電極。 - 電極構造を製造するための方法であって、
電気化学的に活性な電極組成物を提供する工程、該組成物はケイ素又はケイ素のリチウム合金の粒子を含む第一の活性な材料、及び金属又は金属酸化物又は前記金属又は酸化物のリチウム合金を含む緩衝剤を含み、該活性な材料及び/又は該緩衝剤の粒子の少なくとも一部は炭素でコーティングされている、
担持基体を提供する工程、及び
前記電気化学的に活性な組成物を前記基体上に担持する工程、
を含む方法。 - 前記電気学的に活性な電極組成物を提供する工程が、前記ケイ素粒子及び/又は前記金属又は金属酸化物粒子の少なくとも一部を有機材料と接触させる工程、及び該有機材料を熱分解して該粒子の少なくとも一部に少なくとも部分的な炭素質コーティングを製造する工程を含む、請求項17記載の方法。
- 前記炭素を前記粒子に蒸着する工程を含む、請求項17記載の方法。
- 前記活性な材料がLixSiであり、xが0〜4.4の範囲にある、請求項17記載の方法。
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US73171605P | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | |
US60/731,716 | 2005-10-31 | ||
US11/554,051 | 2006-10-30 | ||
US11/554,051 US20070099084A1 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2006-10-30 | High capacity electrode and methods for its fabrication and use |
PCT/US2006/042700 WO2007053704A2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | High capacity electrode and methods for its fabrication and use |
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JP2009514181A true JP2009514181A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
JP5363109B2 JP5363109B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
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US (1) | US20070099084A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1952458A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5363109B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101463099B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2627601A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007053704A2 (ja) |
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- 2006-10-31 JP JP2008539009A patent/JP5363109B2/ja active Active
- 2006-10-31 CA CA002627601A patent/CA2627601A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2008258143A (ja) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Inc | 活性担持マトリックスにおけるスズ |
JP2019500730A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-01-10 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | シリコン系材料並びにこれを製造及び使用する方法 |
US10916770B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2021-02-09 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Silicon based materials for and methods of making and using same |
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JP2019505948A (ja) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-02-28 | 深▲セン▼市貝特瑞新能源材料股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 複合ケイ素負極材料、調製方法及び使用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1952458A4 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
EP1952458A2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
KR20080066842A (ko) | 2008-07-16 |
WO2007053704A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
KR101463099B1 (ko) | 2014-11-20 |
WO2007053704A2 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
CA2627601A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
US20070099084A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
JP5363109B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
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