JP2008509266A - 有機エレクトロルミネセンスデバイスに使用されるポリマー - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネセンスデバイスに使用されるポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008509266A JP2008509266A JP2007525255A JP2007525255A JP2008509266A JP 2008509266 A JP2008509266 A JP 2008509266A JP 2007525255 A JP2007525255 A JP 2007525255A JP 2007525255 A JP2007525255 A JP 2007525255A JP 2008509266 A JP2008509266 A JP 2008509266A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical group [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 40
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 poly (phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]fluorene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 PJULCNAVAGQLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZKOZLOAYMNNGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetraoctylindeno[2,1-a]fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=C(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC)=C(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC)=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 ZKOZLOAYMNNGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCBr VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNBBDZULQFKSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoethyl benzoate Chemical compound BrCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KNBBDZULQFKSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHTUADBHTFHMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1-iodo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1I GHTUADBHTFHMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150111584 RHOA gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150054980 Rhob gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ii) dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZWLRLIAVLSBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioctyl-9h-fluorene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC)=C3CC2=C1 PZWLRLIAVLSBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- IJVBYWCDGKXHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,2-n,2-n-tetraphenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IJVBYWCDGKXHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNBMZQPVZYKSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC(C(CCCCCCC)C=C)(c1c2)c3cc(B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4)ccc3-c1cc1c2-c2ccc(B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)cc2C1(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(CCCC)cc1 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C(CCCCCCC)C=C)(c1c2)c3cc(B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4)ccc3-c1cc1c2-c2ccc(B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)cc2C1(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(CCCC)cc1 LNBMZQPVZYKSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMSO Substances CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEQNOZDXPONEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium;oxotin Chemical compound [Cd].[Sn]=O BEQNOZDXPONEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000950 dibromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrophenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHAUGLFOVCQYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaphenylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 MHAUGLFOVCQYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APBDREXAUGXCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetraethylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC APBDREXAUGXCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005389 trialkylsiloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBIMIGNDTBRRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro borate Chemical compound FOB(OF)OF PBIMIGNDTBRRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004950 trifluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記に概要を示した1又は2以上の問題点を解決することを目的とする。
本発明者等は、優れた電気的及び光学的特性を有しつつ容易に処理できる新規なジインデノフルオレンモノマー、そのヘテロ原子類縁体、および該モノマーを含有するポリマーを開発した。
任意に、rは2以上である。
(a)Pが各々ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である本発明の第二の態様に係るモノマー、および、ハロゲン又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分から独立に選択される少なくとも二つの反応性官能基を有する芳香族モノマー、又は
(b)Pが各々独立に反応性ハロゲン官能基および式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分からなる群から選択される本発明の第二の態様に係るモノマー、および、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択される少なくとも二つのボロン誘導体官能基を有する芳香族モノマー、又は
(c)一方のPが反応性ハロゲン官能基又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分であり、他方のPがボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である本発明の第二の態様に係るモノマー、
を重合させることを含み、該反応混合物中に芳香族モノマーの重合に触媒作用を及ぼすのに好適な触媒が触媒量において含有されるポリマーの製造方法である。
Bは各々独立に結合又は二価の残基の一方であり、各々対応するB’は、独立に、結合又は二価の残基の他方であり;
nは少なくとも1であり;
nが1である場合に、二価の残基であるB又はB’はヘテロ原子を含む。
Bは各々独立に結合又は二価の残基の一方であり、各々対応するB’は、独立に、結合又は二価の残基の他方であり;
Pは各々独立に重合性基であり;
nは少なくとも1であり;
nが1である場合に、二価の残基であるB又はB’はヘテロ原子を含む。
(a)Pが各々ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である本発明の第七の態様に係るモノマー、および、ハロゲン又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分から独立に選択される少なくとも二つの反応性官能基を有する芳香族モノマー、又は
(b)Pが各々独立に反応性ハロゲン官能基および式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分からなる群から選択される本発明の第七の態様に係るモノマー、および、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択される少なくとも二つのボロン誘導体官能基を有する芳香族モノマー、又は
(c)一方のPが反応性ハロゲン官能基又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分であり、他方のPがボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である本発明の第七の態様に係るモノマー、
を重合させることを含み、該反応混合物中に芳香族モノマーの重合に触媒作用を及ぼすのに好適な触媒が触媒量において含有されるポリマーの製造方法である。
・テトラフルオロホウ酸ジアゾニウムを有するボロン酸又はエステル(テトラヘドロン・レターズ(Tetrahedron Letters)、1997、Vol.38、No.25、pp4393−4396);
・トリフルオロホウ酸金属塩を有するテトラフルオロホウ酸ジアゾニウム(テトラヘドロン・レターズ(Tetrahedron Letters)、1997、Vol.38、No.25、pp4393−4396);及び
・配位子フリーのパラジウム(例えば、酢酸パラジウム)を用いたハロゲン化アリールを有するトリフルオロホウ酸金属塩(Organic Letters,2002,Vol.4,No.11,pp1867-1870).
4〜12個の炭素原子を有する1又は2以上のアルキル鎖を含むペンダント基を提供することにより、ポリマーの溶解性が改善され得、またポリマー鎖の凝集が制限され得る。
100mL丸底フラスコに、5−ブロモ−2−イオドトルエン(1)(10.0g、33.7mmol、1.0当量)、ピリジン(100mL)、脱イオン水(10mL)及び過マンガン酸カリウム(13.31g、84.3mmol、2.5当量)を加えた。該フラスコには、還流冷却器、機械的過負荷攪拌器及び窒素注入口/排気管が取り付けられた。混合物を窒素下において加熱還流した(油浴100℃)。還流5時間後、薄層クロマトグラフ法(TLC)により、出発物質の一部が残っていることが示されたため、更に過マンガン酸カリウム1.3当量を加え、混合物を更に16時間還流した。この後のTLCでは、出発物質の一部が残っていることが示されたため、過マンガン酸塩を更に1.3当量加え、油浴の温度を110℃まで上げた。温度を上げてから4時間後、TLCにより反応が完了したことが示された。
収率:4.0g、36%。
磁気攪拌棒、還流冷却器及び窒素注入口/排気管が取り付けられた500ML丸底フラスコ中で、MeOH(250mL)に工程1から安息香酸(2)(4.0g)を溶解した。これに濃硫酸(12M、2mL)を注意深く加え、溶液を16時間還流した。この後のTLCにより、出発物質の消費が完了していることが示された。
3及び4のスズキカップリングによるジエステル5の生成
還流冷却器、窒素注入口/排気管、機械的過負荷攪拌器及びスパージャー口が取り付けられた100mL三つ口丸底フラスコに、ジオクチルフルオレンビス(ブロン酸)エステル(4)(2.25g、4.2mmol、1.0当量)、前記メチルエステル(3)(3.05g、8.9mmol、2.1当量)、トルエン(25mL)及びAliquat(登録商標)336(0.5mL)を加えた。得られた溶液を室温で1時間、窒素ガスを拡散させることにより脱ガスした。触媒、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、(0.17g、3の3mol%)を加え、溶液を室温において15分間、窒素下で攪拌した。炭酸ナトリウム溶液(脱イオン水15mL中に1.53g、14.4mmol、3.0当量)を加え、混合物を窒素下において迅速に攪拌しながら95℃(油浴)まで加熱した。
磁気攪拌器、窒素注入口/排気管、内部低温度の検温器及び隔壁注入口が取り付けられた100mL丸底フラスコに、1−ブロモ−4−tert−ブチルベンゼン(1.817g、8.53mmol、4.1当量)及び無水THF(20mL)を加えた。得られた溶液を−78℃まで冷却した。n−ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中、2.5M)(3.41mL、8.53mmol、4.1当量)を、−65℃以下の内部温度を維持しながら注射器により滴下して加えた。反応混合物を<−70℃において3時間攪拌した後、無水THF(20mL)中のエステル5(1.70g、2.08mmol、1.0当量)を加え、再び内部温度を−65℃以下に保った。溶液を18時間、徐々に室温まで温めた。
前工程からの混合物、化合物6(1.1g)を、磁気攪拌器が取り付けられた100mL丸底フラスコ内で氷酢酸(20mL)に溶解し、塩酸(1mL)を加えた。TLCにより転化の完了が示されるまで溶液を16時間加熱還流した。
機械的過負荷攪拌器、還流冷却器および窒素注入口/排気管が取り付けられた1L三つ口丸底フラスコに、ビス(ピナコール)エステル(8)(50.0g、73.3mmol、1.0当量)、ブロモエチルベンゾエート(9)(30g、157.0mmol、2.14当量)、トルエン(300mL)およびAliquat(登録商標)336(0.5g)を加えた。得られた溶液を室温で1時間、窒素ガスを拡散させることにより脱ガスし、その後、攪拌を開始し、フラスコを正の窒素圧下に置いた。次いで、触媒、ジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)(0.41g、0.59mmol、0.008当量)を加えた後、窒素下で室温において15分間攪拌した。次いで、塩基、すなわち脱イオン水(200mL)中の炭酸ナトリウム(36.05g、340mmol、4.64当量)を加え、溶液を16時間加熱還流した。
機械的過負荷攪拌器、窒素注入口/排気管、低温度の検温器、均圧滴下漏斗が取り付けられた500mL三つ口丸底フラスコに、ジエステル10(18.5g、26.0mmol、1.0当量)及びジクロロメタン(185mL)を加えた。得られた溶液を窒素下、室温において攪拌し、DIBAL−H(ヘキサン中、1M)(132mL、132.0mmol、5.0当量)を滴下漏斗を介して滴下により加えた。添加が終了した後、反応混合物を室温で一晩攪拌した。この後におけるTLC(mini work-up)により、反応が完了したことが示された。ロッシェル塩の10%w/v水溶液中にこの混合物を徐々に注いだ。室温で30分間強く攪拌した後、層が分離した。水相をDCM(250mL)で再び抽出した。混合したDCM層を水(250mL)で洗浄し、次いで減圧により乾燥状態になるまで濃縮した。
環化生成物12
磁気攪拌棒および窒素注入口/排気管が取り付けられた50mL三つ口丸底フラスコに、ジオール11(1.5g、2.0mmol、1.0当量)及びジクロロメタン(15mL)を加えた。溶液を室温で攪拌し、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(1.05g、7.0mmol、3.0当量)を注意深く加えた。溶液の色が淡緑色から黒色に変化した。溶液を室温で1時間攪拌した後、トルエン(50mL)で希釈し、水(50mL)中へクエンチした。生成物をトルエンで抽出し、有機相を減圧により乾燥状態になるまで濃縮した。
低温度の検温器、機械的過負荷攪拌器、窒素注入口/排気管、隔壁キャップ注入口が取り付けられた1L三つ口丸底フラスコに、12(1.0g、1.6mmol、1.0当量)および無水THF(10mL)を加えた。得られた溶液を窒素下において−78℃まで冷却し、n−ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中、2.5M)を注射器により滴下して加えた。得られた溶液を1時間、室温まで温め、次いで−78℃に再冷却した。オクチルブロミド(0.8g、4.1mmol、2.5当量)を加え、溶液を16時間、室温まで温めた。
磁気攪拌器及び窒素注入口/排気管が取り付けられた25mL丸底フラスコ中で、モノマー前駆体13(0.5g、0.474mmol、1.0当量)をジクロロメタン(2mL)中に溶解した。溶液を0℃まで冷却し、臭素(0.1mL、1.18mmol、2.5当量)をマイクロ注射器により滴下して加えた。得られた溶液を暗い場所で24時間攪拌した時には、TLCにより反応が完了したことが示された。
ポリマー1
モノマー1(48mol%)、「スピロフルオレン」(50mol%)及び「BTA」(2mol%)を含有する青色エレクトロルミネセンスポリマーを、WO00/53656に記載の方法に従いスズキ重合により調製した。比較のために、モノマー1を「アルキルインデノフルオレン」モノマーにより置き換えたことを除き同一のポリマー、比較ポリマー1を調製した。
モノマー1(50mol%)、「アルキルインデノフルオレン」(48mol%)及び「BTA」(2mol%)を含有する青色エレクトロルミネセンスポリマーを、WO00/53656に記載の方法に従いスズキ重合により調製した。比較のために、モノマー1を「アルキル−アリール−インデノフルオレン」モノマーにより置き換えたことを除き同一のポリマー、比較ポリマー2を調製した。
モノマー1(48mol%)、「シス−アルキル−インデノフルオレン」(50mol%)及び「BTA」(2mol%)を含有する青色エレクトロルミネセンスポリマーを、WO00/53656に記載の方法に従いスズキ重合により調製した。
モノマー1(50mol%)、「ペンタフェニレン」(50mol%)及び「BTA」(2mol%)を含有する青色エレクトロルミネセンスポリマーを、WO00/53656に記載の方法に従いスズキ重合により調製した。
Claims (28)
- rは2以上である、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- Gは、各々独立に、CR2、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2(Rは各々独立にH又は置換基を表わす。)からなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載のポリマー。
- rが1であり、且つ、Gが各々独立に、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2からなる群から選択される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- rが1より大きく、且つ、Gが各々独立に、CR2、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2(Rは請求項3に規定のものである。)からなる群から選択される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- Rは、各々独立に、水素、C1〜C40アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールオキシからなる群から選択される、請求項3乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 少なくとも1つのGがCR2又はSiR2であり、R基は連結して環を形成している、請求項3乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 第二の繰り返し単位を含む、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 前記第二の繰り返し単位は、任意に置換されるトリアリールアミン及び複素環式芳香族化合物から選択される、請求項8に記載のポリマー。
- 少なくとも2つの隣接する二価の残基Gが、互いにシス型立体配置の関係にある、請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 少なくとも2つの隣接する二価の残基Gが、互いにトランス型立体配置の関係にある、請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- 隣接する2価の残基Gの第一の一対が互いにトランス型立体配置の関係にあり、隣接する二価の残基Gの第二の一対が互いにシス型立体配置の関係にある、請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー。
- rは2以上である、請求項13に記載のモノマー。
- Gは、各々独立に、CR2、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2(Rは各々独立にH又は置換基を表わす。)からなる群から選択される、請求項13又は14に記載のモノマー。
- rが1であり、且つ、Gが各々独立に、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2からなる群から選択される、請求項13乃至15のいずれか1項に記載のモノマー。
- rが1より大きく、且つ、Gが各々独立に、CR2、NR、PR、POR、BR、O、S、SO、SO2及びSiR2からなる群から選択される、請求項13乃至15のいずれか1項に記載のモノマー。
- Rは、各々独立に、水素、C1〜C40アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールオキシからなる群から選択される、請求項13乃至17のいずれか1項に記載のモノマー。
- 少なくとも1つの二価の残基がCR2又はSiR2であり、R基は連結して環を形成している、請求項13乃至17のいずれか1項に記載のモノマー。
- Pは、各々独立に、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基およびボラン基から選択される反応性ボロン誘導体基;反応性ハロゲン基;または式−O−SO2−Z(式中、Zは任意に置換されるアルキルおよびアリールからなる群から選択される。)により表わされる部分から選択される、請求項13乃至19のいずれか1項に記載のモノマー。
- 請求項13乃至20のいずれか1項に記載の第一のモノマーと、この第一のモノマーと同一でも異なっていてもよい第二のモノマーとを、モノマーを重合させるための条件下において反応させる工程を含むポリマーの製造方法。
- 反応混合物中において下記モノマー:
(a)Pが各々ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である請求項20に記載のモノマー、およびハロゲン又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分から独立に選択される少なくとも2つの反応性官能基を有する芳香族モノマー;又は
(b)Pが各々独立に反応性ハロゲン官能基及び式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分からなる群から選択される請求項20に記載のモノマー、およびボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択される少なくとも二つのボロン誘導体官能基を有する芳香族モノマー;又は
(c)一方のPが反応性ハロゲン官能基又は式:−O−SO2−Zにより表される部分であり、他方のPがボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基及びボラン基から選択されるボロン誘導体官能基である請求項20に記載のモノマー
を重合させることを含み、該反応混合物が芳香族モノマーの重合に触媒作用を及ぼすのに好適な触媒を触媒量において含有する、請求項21に記載のポリマーの製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーを含有する有機電子デバイス。
- 前記ポリマーが正孔注入の第一電極と電子注入の第二電極との間の層中に含有されている、請求項23に記載の有機電子デバイス。
- エレクトロルミネセンスデバイスである、請求項23又は24に記載の有機電子デバイス。
- 開閉装置である、請求項23に記載の有機電子デバイス。
- 第一の面と第二の面を有する絶縁体、該絶縁体の第一の面上に配置されたゲート電極、該絶縁体の第二の面上に配置された請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のポリマー、及びオリゴマー又はポリマー上に配置されたドレイン電極及びソース電極を具備する電界効果トランジスタ。
- 請求項27に記載の電界効果トランジスタを含む集積回路。
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US8049411B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Material for organic electroluminescence device and organic electroluminescence device using the same |
JP2012503679A (ja) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-02-09 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | ベンゾビス(シロロチオフェン)より誘導されるポリマー、および、有機半導体としてのそれらの使用 |
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JP7117407B2 (ja) | 2014-07-28 | 2022-08-12 | エスエフシー カンパニー リミテッド | 複素環を含む縮合フルオレン誘導体 |
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JP5301157B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
EP1776404B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
US20090253883A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
DE602005004155D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
KR101145065B1 (ko) | 2012-05-11 |
TW200621834A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
ATE382647T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
CN101001901A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
EP1627891A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
EP1776404A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
US20070252139A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
US7592622B2 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
DE602005004155T2 (de) | 2008-12-18 |
WO2006015862A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
KR20070051265A (ko) | 2007-05-17 |
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