JP2008500970A - 神経成長因子アンタゴニストを投与することによって骨癌の疼痛を処置するための方法 - Google Patents
神経成長因子アンタゴニストを投与することによって骨癌の疼痛を処置するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願番号第60/620,654号(2004年10月19日出願)および同第60/560,781号(2004年4月7日出願)の優先権の利益を主張し、これらの出願のすべてが、参考としてその全体が本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、National Institutes of Healthの助成金5R37−NS23970−16、5R01−DA11986−05および1R01−NS048021−01A1の下で米国政府の支援を受けてなされた。米国政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有し得る。
本発明は、骨癌の疼痛の予防、改善、または処置のための神経成長因子(NGF)アンタゴニストの使用に関する。
神経成長因子(NGF)は、同定された最初のニューロトロフィンであり、末梢および中枢ニューロン双方の発達および生存におけるその役割は、十分に特徴付けられている。NGFは、末梢の交感ニューロンおよび胚の感覚ニューロンならびに前脳基底核のコリン作動性ニューロンの発達における重要な生存および維持因子であることが示されている(Smeyneら、Nature368:246−249頁(1994);Crowleyら、Cell76:1001−1011頁(1994))。NGFは、感覚ニューロンにおける神経ペプチドの発現をアップレギュレートし(Lindsayら、Nature337:362−364頁(1989))、その活性は、2つの異なる膜結合レセプター、TrkAチロシンキナーゼレセプター、および腫瘍壊死因子レセプターファミリーの他のメンバーと構造的に関連しているp75レセプターによって媒介されている(Chaoら、Science232:518−521頁(1986))。
本発明は、抗NGF抗体などのNGFのアンタゴニストが、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛の処置に有効であるという発見に基づいている。該処置は、本明細書に記載された骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛など、骨癌の疼痛の1つ以上の態様に関する。
本発明は、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を処置するために、抗NGFモノクローナル抗体などのNGFアンタゴニストの治療有効量のインビボ投与が使用できるという発見に基づいている。本発明は、抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体の投与が進行中ならびに運動誘発双方の骨癌の疼痛の減少に著しく効果的であるマウス骨癌モデルにおける観察に基づいている。
他に示されない限り、本発明の実践には、当該分野の範囲内の分子生物学(組換え法を含む)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学および免疫学の従来の方法が用いられる。このような方法は、例えば、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual、第二版(Sambrookら、1989年)Cold Spring Press;Oligonucleotide Synhesis(M.J.Gait編、1984年);Metods in Molecular Biology、Humana Press;Cell Biology:A Laboratory Notebook(J.E.Cellis編、1998年)Academc Press;Animal Cell Culture(R.I.Freshney編、1987年);Introduction to Cell and Tissue Clture(J.P.MatherおよびP.E.Roberts、1998年)Plenum Press;Cell and Tissue Culture:Laboratory Procedures(A.Doyle、J.B.Griffiths、およびD.G.Newell編、1993〜1998年)J.WileyおよびSons;Methods in Enzymology(Academic Press社);Handbook of Experimental Immnology(D.M.WeirおよびC.C.Blackwell編集);Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(J.M.MillerおよびM.P.Calos編、1987年);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F.M.Ausubelら編、1987年);PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction(Mullisら編、1994年);Current Protocols in Immunology(J.E.Coliganら編、1991年);Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(WileyおよびSons、1999年);Immunology(C.A.JanewayおよびbP.Travers、1997年);Antibodies(P.Finch、1997年);Antibodies:a practical approach(D.Catty編、IRL Press、1988〜1989年);Monoclonal antibodies:a practical approach(P.ShepherdおよびC.Dean編、Oxfoed University Press、2000年);Using antibodies:a laboratory manual(E.HarlowおよびD.Lane〔Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1999年);The Antibodies(M.ZanettiおよびJ.D.Capra編、Harwood Academic Publishers、1995年)などの文献に十分に説明されている。
「抗体」(複数形態が交換可能に用いられる)は、免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域に位置する少なくとも1つの抗原認識部位を介して、炭水化物、ポリヌクレオチド、脂質、ポリペプチドなどの標的に特異的に結合することのできる免疫グロブリン分子である。本明細書に用いられる該用語は、完全なポリクローナルまたはモノクローナル抗体のみならず、それらの断片(Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fvなど)、単一鎖(ScFv)、それらの変異体、抗体部分を含む融合タンパク質、ヒト化抗体、キメラ抗体、ダイヤボディー、線状抗体、単一鎖抗体、多特異的抗体(例えば二特異的抗体)および必要な特異性の抗原認識部位を含む免疫グロブリン分子の他の任意の修飾立体構造を包含する。抗体には、IgG、IgA、IgM(またはそれらのサブクラス)などの任意のクラスの抗体が含まれ、また、該抗体はいずれか特定のクラスの抗体である必要はない。免疫グロブリンは、その重鎖の定常ドメインの抗体アミノ酸配列に依って、異なったクラスに帰属できる。免疫グロブリンには5つの主要なクラス:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG、およびIgMがあり、これらのいくつかは、サブクラス(イソタイプ)、例えばIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IGA1およびIgA2にさらに分けることができる。免疫グロブリンの異なったクラスに対応する重鎖定常ドメインは、それぞれ、アルファ、デルタ、イプシロン、ガンマ、およびミューと呼ばれる。免疫グロブリンの種々のクラスのサブユニット構造および三次元立体構造は十分に知られている。
本明細書に記載された全ての方法に関して、NGFアンタゴニストという言及には、これらの薬剤の1つ以上を含む組成物も含まれる。これらの組成物は、当該分野に周知の緩衝剤を含め、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤(キャリア)などの適切な賦形剤をさらに含み得る。本発明は、単独でも、他の従来の処置法と組み合わせて用いることもできる。
本発明は、ヒトおよび非ヒト双方の個体における骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を処置、発現の遅延、および/または予防に有用である。骨癌に罹っている個体の生活の質を改善することができる。
本発明の方法は、レセプター結合および/またはNGFに対する細胞応答の誘発などの、NGFシグナル伝達に媒介された下流経路などの、NGF生物活性を阻害、抑制または減少させる(有意に、を含め)任意の分子が称されるNGFアンタゴニストを用いる。用語の「アンタゴニスト」とは、生物学的作用の特定の機構を決して意味するのではなく、NGFとの全ての可能な薬理学的、生理学的、および生化学的な相互作用、ならびに、種々の異なる、また化学的に多肢にわたる組成物によって達成することのできるその結果を明らかに含み、包含すると考えられている。NGFアンタゴニストの例としては、限定はしないが、抗NGF抗体、NGFに特異的なアンチセンス分子(NGFをコードする核酸に特異的なアンチセンス分子を含む)、NGFレセプター(TrkAレセプターおよび/またはp75レセプターなど)に特異的なアンチセンス分子(TrkAおよび/またはp75をコードする核酸に特異的なアンチセンス分子を含む)、NGF阻害化合物、NGF構造類縁体、NGFに結合するTrkAレセプターの優性ネガティブ変異体、TrkAイムノアドヘシン、抗TrkA抗体、NGFに結合するp75レセプターの優性ネガティブ変異体、抗p75抗体、およびキナーゼインヒビターが挙げられる。本発明の目的に関して、用語の「アンタゴニスト」は、先に特定した用語、標題、および、NGFそれ自体、NGFの生物活性(限定はしないが、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛の何らかの態様を媒介するその能力など)、または該生物活性の結果を、何らかの有意味な程度に、実質的に無効化するか、減少させるか、または中和する機能的状態および特徴全てを包含
する。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニスト(例えば抗体)は、NGFに結合し(物理的に相互作用し)、NGFレセプター(TrkAレセプターおよび/またはp75レセプターなど)に結合し、および/または下流のNGFレセプターシグナル伝達を減少させる(妨害および/または遮断する)。したがって、いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFに結合する(物理的に相互作用する)。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFに結合するポリペプチドである。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、国際公開PCT2004/026329号に記載されているペプチドまたは修飾ペプチド(Fcドメインに融合したNGF結合ペプなど)である。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFレセプター(TrkAレセプターおよび/またはp75など)に結合する。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、下流のNGFレセプターシグナル伝達を減少させる(妨害および/または遮断する)(例えば、キナーゼシグナル伝達のインヒビターおよび下流シグナル伝達カスケードのインヒビター)。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFの合成および/または放出を阻害する(減少させる)。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストはTrkAイムノアドヘシンではない(すなわち、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外の)NGFアンタゴニストである。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、抗NGF抗体以外のものである。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外で、かつ抗NGF抗体以外にものである。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGF(hNGFなど)に結合し、NT−3,NT4/5、および/またはBDNFなどの関連したニューロトロフィンに有意には結合しない。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、有害な免疫応答に関連しない。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、抗NGF抗体である。さらに他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体はヒト化されている(本明細書に記載された抗体E3など)。いくつかの実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、抗体E3(本明細書に記載されている)である。他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、抗体E3の1つ以上のCDR(E3の1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つのCDR、またはいくつかの実施形態においては、6つ全てのCDRなど)を含む。他の実施形態において、該抗体は、ヒトの抗体である。いくつかの実施形態において、該抗体は、国際公開第2005/019266号に記載されたヒト抗NGF中和抗体である。さらに他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、表1に示された重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列(配列番号1)および、表2に示された軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列(配列番号2)を含む。さらに他の実施形態において、該抗体は、免疫学的に非活性、例えば、補体媒介溶解現象を引き起こさない、または抗体依存性細胞媒介細胞毒性(ADCC)を刺激しない定常領域など、修飾定常領域を含む。他の実施形態において、該定常領域は、Eur.J.Immunol.(1999)29:2613−2624頁;国際出願PCT/英国99/01441号;および/または英国特許出願公開第9809951.8.号に記載されているとおり修飾される。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、抗NGF抗体を含む。抗NGF抗体は、以下の特徴のいずれか1つ以上を示す:(a)NGFに結合し、NGFの生物活性および/またはNGFシグナル伝達機能に媒介された下流経路を阻害する;(b)骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛の何らかの態様を予防、改善、または処置する;(c)NGFレセプターの活性化(TrkAレセプターの二量体化および/または自己リン酸化など)を遮断または減少させる;(d)NGFのクリアランスを増加させる;(e)NGFの合成、産生または放出を阻害する(減少させる)。
表1:重鎖可変領域
QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGFSLIGYDLNWIRQPPGKGLEWIGIIWGDGTTDYNSAVKSRVTISKDTSKNQFSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARGGYWYATSYYFDYWGQGTLVTVS(配列番号1)。
表2軽鎖可変領域
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQSISNNLNWYQQKFGKAPKLLIYYTSRFHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTFTISSIQPEDIATYYCQQEHTLPYTFGQGTKLEIKRT(配列番号2)。
抗NGF抗体以外のNGFアンタゴニストを使用してもよい。本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、機能的NGFの発現を遮断または減少できる少なくとも1種のアンチセンス分子を含む。NGFのヌクレオチド配列は知られており、公共的に利用できるデータベースから容易に入手できる。例えば、Borsaniら、Nuc.Acids Res.1990年、18、4020頁;登録番号 NM002506;Ullrichら、Nature303:821−825頁(1983)を参照されたい。他のポリヌクレオチドと交差反応をしない、NGFのmRNAと特異的に結合するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド分子の調製は、慣例的である。標的部位の例としては、限定はしないが、開始コドン、5’調節領域、コード化配列および3’非翻訳領域が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態において、オリゴヌクレオチドは、長さが約10から100ヌクレオチド、長さが約15から50ヌクレオチド、長さが約18から25ヌクレオチド、またはそれ以上である。該オリゴヌクレオチドは、例えば、当該分野に周知のホスホロチオエート結合、および2’−O糖修飾などの主鎖修飾を含み得る。アンチセンス分子の例としては、米国特許出願公開第20010046959号に記載されたNGFアンチセンス分子が挙げられ;また、http://www.rna−tec.com/repair.htm.を参照されたい。
抗NGF抗体および他のNGFアンタゴニストは、当該分野で公知の方法を用いて同定または特性化でき、それによって、NGF生物活性の減少、改善、または中和が検出および/または測定される。国際公開PCT第04/065560号に記載された方法を用いることができる。NGFアンタゴニストの同定に、他の方法、例えば、米国特許第5,766,863号および第5,891,650号に記載されているキナーゼレセプター活性化(KIRA)アッセイを用いることができる。このELISAタイプのアッセイは、レセプタータンパク質チロシンキナーゼ(以後「rPTK])のキナーゼドメインの自己リン酸化測定によるキナーゼ活性の定性的または定量的測定にとって、ならびに、選択されたrPTK、例えばTrkAの可能なアンタゴニストの同定および特性化にとって好適である。該アッセイの第1段階には、キナーゼレセプター、例えばTrkAレセプターのキナーゼドメインのリン酸化が含まれ、該レセプターは、真核細胞の細胞膜に存在する。該レセプターは、内在性のレセプターもしくは該レセプターをコードする核酸であり得るか、または、レセプター構築体を細胞内に形質転換し得る。典型的には、第1の固体相(例えば、第1のアッセイプレートのウェル)を、このような細胞(通常は、哺乳動物細胞系)の実質的に均一な集団で被覆し、該細胞を該固体相に接着させるようにする。該細胞は接着性であるために、第1の固体相に自然に接着することが多い。「レセプター構築体」が用いられる場合、それは通常、キナーゼレセプターとフラッグポリペプチドとの融合体を含む。フラッグポリペプチドは、アッセイのELISA部分において、捕捉剤、しばしば捕捉抗体によって認識される。次いで、候補となる抗NGF抗体またはたのNGFアンタゴニストなどの検体を、NGFと共に、チロシンキナーゼレセプター(例えばTrkAレセプター)がNGFおよび検体に暴露される(または接触する)ように、接着細胞を有する該ウェルに加える。このアッセイによって、抗体のリガンドNGFによりTrkAの活性化を阻害する該抗体(または他のNGFアンタゴニスト)の同定が可能になる。NGFおよび検体への暴露後、リーシス緩衝液(中に、可溶化界面活性剤を有する)および静かな攪拌を用いて、該接着細胞を可溶化し、それによって、細胞ライセートを遊離させ、細胞ライセートはさらに濃縮または明澄化する必要なく、直接、アッセイのELISA部分に供することができる。
本発明の方法に使用される組成物は、NGFアンタゴニスト(抗NGF抗体など)の有効量を含んでなり、いくつかの実施形態においては、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤をさらに含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該組成物は、本明細書に記載される方法のいずれかに使用されるためのものである。このような組成物の例、ならびに処方の方法もまた、先の節および下記に記載されている。一実施形態において、該組成物は、1種のNGFアンタゴニストを含む。他の実施形態において、該組成物は、1種または複数のNGFアンタゴニストを含む。他の実施形態において、該組成物は、以下のいずれか1つ以上から選択される1種または複数のNGFアンタゴニストを含む:NGFに結合する(物理的に相互作用する)アンタゴニスト(例えば抗体)、NGFレセプター(TrkAレセプターおよび/またはp75レセプターなど)に結合するアンタゴニスト、および下流のNGFレセプターシグナル伝達を減少させる(妨害するおよび/または遮断する)アンタゴニスト。さらに他の実施形態において、該組成物は、TrkAイムノアドヘシンではない(すなわち、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外の)いずれかのNGFアンタゴニストを含む。他の実施形態において、該組成物は、抗NGF抗体以外のいずれかのNGFアンタゴニストを含む。さらに他の実施形態において、該組成物は、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外であり、かつ抗NGF抗体以外のいずれかのNGFアンタゴニストを含む。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFの合成、産生または放出を阻害する(減少させる)。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NGFに結合し関連ニューロトロフィン(NT3、NT4/5、および/またはBDNFなど)と有意には交差反応しない。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、有害免疫応答に関連しない。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、抗NGF抗体、NGFに特異的なアンチセンス分子(NGFをコードする核酸に特異的なアンチセンス分子を含む)、NGFレセプターに特異的なアンチセンス分子(trkAおよび/またはp75など)、NGF阻害化合物、NGF構造類縁体、NGFに結合するTrkAレセプターの優性ネガティブ変異体、TrkAイムノアドヘシン、抗TrkA抗体、抗p75抗体、およびキナーゼインヒビターよりなる群から選択される。他の実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、抗NGF抗体である。他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、ヒトNGFを認識する。いくつかの実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、ヒトの抗NGF抗体である。さらに他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体はヒト化されている(本明細書に記載された抗体E3など)。さらに他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、抗体媒介溶解現象またはADCCなどの望まれない、または望ましくない免疫応答を引き起こさない定常領域を含む。他の実施形態において、抗NGF抗体は、抗体E3の1つ以上のCDR(E3の1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つのCDR、またはいくつかの実施形態においては、6つ全てのCDRなど)を含む。
本発明は、当該方法にしようするためのキットもまた提供する。本発明のキットは、NGFアンタゴニスト(抗体など、例えば、本明細書に記載されたヒト化抗体E3)を含む1つ以上の容器を含み、いくつかの実施形態においては、本明細書に記載された本発明の方法のいずれかに従った使用説明書をさらに含む。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、本明細書に記載されたいずれかのNGFアンタゴニストである。さらに他の実施形態において、該キットは、TrkAイムノアドヘシンではない(すなわち、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外の)NGFアンタゴニストを含む。他の実施形態において、該キットは、抗NGF抗体以外のNGFアンタゴニストを含む。さらに他の実施形態において、該キットは、TrkAイムノアドヘシン以外であり、かつ抗NGF抗体以外であるいずれかのNGFアンタゴニストを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該キットは、抗NGF抗体(本明細書に記載された抗体E3など)を含む。他の実施形態において、該キットは、抗体E3の1つ以上のCDR(E3の1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つのCDRs、またはいくつかの実施形態においては、6つ全てのCDRsなど)を含む抗NGF抗体を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該キットは、オピオイド鎮痛剤を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該キットは、NSAIDを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該キットは、オピオイド鎮痛剤を含まない。いくつかの実施形態において、該キットは、NSAIDを含まない。いくつかの実施形態において、含まれる説明書は、本明細書に記載された方法のいずれかに従って、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を処置、改善または予防するためのNGFアンタゴニストの投与についての説明を含む。該キットは個体が、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を有するかどうか、または、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛の危険にあるかどうかの確認に基づいた処置に適切な個体の選択についての説明をさらに含む。さらに他の実施形態において、該説明書は、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を処置、予防および/または改善するためのNGFアンタゴニストの投与についての説明を含む。さらに他の実施形態において、該説明書は、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛の危険にある個体に対するNGFアンタゴニストの投与についての説明を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、オピオイド鎮痛剤と同時投与される。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NSAIDと同時投与される。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、オピオイド鎮痛剤およびNSAIDと同時投与される。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、オピオイド鎮痛剤と同時投与されない。いくつかの実施形態において、NGFアンタゴニストは、NSAIDと同時投与されない。
該ラベルまたは添付書は、該組成物が、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛などの骨癌の疼痛を処置、改善および/または予防するために使用されることを示す。説明書は、本明細書に記載されたいずれかの方法を実践するために提供できる。
NGFアンタゴニストは、任意の適切な経路を介して、個体に投与できる。例えばNGFアンタゴニストは、経口、静脈内、舌下、皮下、動脈内、滑膜内、嚢内(経膀胱など)、筋肉内、心臓内、胸腔内、腹腔内、心室内、舌下に、吸入により、座薬により、および経皮に投与できる。それらは、例えば、当該分野で認められる方法で調製された錠剤、トローチ剤、カプセル剤、エリキシル剤、懸濁剤、シロップ剤、カシェ剤、ロリポップ剤、チューインガムなどの形態で、経口投与できる。本明細書に記載された例は、限定する意図はなく、利用できる方法を例示するものである。
本発明に従って用いられるNGFアンタゴニスト(抗体など)の処置用処方物は、所望の純度を有する抗体を、任意の薬学的に受容可能なキャリア、賦形剤または安定化剤と共に混合することによって、(Remington、The Science and Practice of Pharmacy第20版、MackPublishing(2000))凍結乾燥処方物または水溶液の形態で保存用に調製される。受容可能なキャリア、賦形剤または安定化剤は、使用される用量および濃度において、レシピエントに対して非毒性であり、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩、および他の有機酸などの緩衝剤;アスコルビン酸およびメチオニンなどの抗酸化剤;保存剤(塩化オクタデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム;塩化ヘキサメトニウム;塩化ベンザルコニウム;塩化ベンゼトニウム;フェノールアルコール、ブチルアルコールまたはベンジルアルコール;メチルパラベンまたはプロピルパラベンなどのアルキルパラベン類;カテコール;レゾルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3−ペンタノール;およびm−クレソールなど);低分子量(約10残基未満)ポリペプチド;血清アルブミン、ゼラチン、または免疫グロブリンなどのタンパク質;ポリビニルピロリドンなどの親和性ポリマー;グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニン、またはリジンなどのアミノ酸;グルコース、マンノース、またはデキストランなどの単糖類、二糖類、および他の炭水化物;EDTAなどのキレート化剤;スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロースまたはソルビトールなどの糖類;ナトリウムなどの塩形成対イオン;金属複合体(例えばZn−タンパク質複合体);および/またはTWEEN(商標)、PLURONICS(商標)またはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などの非イオン性界面活性剤を含み得る。
(抗NGFモノクローナル抗体は、骨転移に関連した癌の疼痛の処置に有効である)
我々は、抗NGF抗体911(マウスモノクローナル抗体;Hongoら、Hybridoma19:215−227頁(2000))による処置の有効性を評価するために、マウス骨癌の疼痛モデルを用いた。骨癌の疼痛のマウスモデルは、溶骨性肉腫細胞を、マウスの大腿骨に髄内注入することによって発現させ、次いで、腫瘍を骨に限定するために、針穴に歯科用アマルガムを充填した。Schweiら、J.Neuroscience19:10886−10897頁(1999);およびLugerら、Pain99:397−406頁(2002)を参照されたい。実験は、成体オスC3H/HeJマウス(Jackson Laboratories、メイン州、バールハーバー)に対して実施した。0日目に、ペントバルビタールナトリウム(50mg/kg、腹腔内(i.p.))による全身麻酔誘導後、関節切開術を実施した。肉腫細胞用の通路を創製するために、髄管内に針を挿入した。次いで、歯科用空気圧高速ハンドピースを用いてくぼみを作製した。無処置マウス(n=5)に加えて、α−最少必須培地(20μl、Sigma、ミズーリ州、セントルイス)を、大腿骨の髄内腔に注入することによって偽処置マウス(n=5)を創製し(偽処置と称する)、一方、肉腫マウス(各試験条件についてn=5)には、1052472の溶骨性肉腫細胞を含有する培地を注入した(肉腫またはsarcと称する)(20μl、ATCC、メリーランド州、ロックビル)。全てのマウスについて、該細胞または注入培地を髄内腔内に限定するために、注入部位を歯科用アマルガムプラグで密封した後、滅菌水(低張性溶液)で潅注した。最後に、創傷クリップにより切開閉鎖を達成した。行動試験を妨げないように、5日目にクリップを除去した。肉腫注入マウスの第2群は、6日目と13日目に抗NGF(10mg/kg、腹腔内)によって処置した。
(抗NGFモノクローナル抗体は、骨癌の疼痛の処置に有効であり、背側根神経節および脊髄における末梢および中枢感作に関連したいくつかの神経化学的変化を減少させる)
(方法)
動物。体重20〜25gの合計158匹の成体オスC3H/HeJマウス(Jackson Laboratories、メイン州、バールハーバー)で実験を行った。マウスは、明暗12時間交代サイクルで、22℃に維持され、加熱滅菌した食餌と水を自由に与えられる加熱滅菌ケージ内で、特定病原体除去(SPF)条件下、アメリカ国立衛生研究所の指針に従って収容した。
骨破壊を視覚的に評価するために、14日目の時点で、切開した大腿骨のX線写真(Faxitron Xray社、イリノイ州ウィーリング)を得た。画像は、Kodak Min−R2000マンモグラフィーフィルム(Eastman Kodak社、ニューヨーク州ロチェスター;露出設定:7秒、21kVp)上で捕捉した。5Xの倍率における骨全体画像の側面において、0から5の段階を用い(0は破壊の徴候の無い正常な骨で、5は、厚み全体の二層の骨損失)、腫瘍誘発大腿骨破壊の程度を、X線写真により評価した。Honoreら、Nat.Med.6:521−528頁(2000);Honoreら、Neuroscience98:585−598頁(2000);Lugerら、Cancer Research61:4038−4047頁(2001)。
MRC1024共焦点顕微鏡画像システム(Bio−Rad、ペンシルベニア州、フィラデルフィア)、またはSPOT画像捕捉ソフトウェア(Diagnostic Instruments社)と共にOlimpus BX−60蛍光顕微鏡上のSPOTIIデジタルカメラを用いて、蛍光標識した脊髄、DRGおよび皮膚組織切片を分析した。
抗NGFの投与は、疾患進行または骨内のマクロファージ進入に対して効果がなかった。骨破壊、破骨細胞増殖および腫瘍成長に対する抗NGFの効果を、腫瘍注入後14日目に調べた。放射線的TRAPおよびH&E/GFP解析により評価されたように、それぞれ肉腫注入マウスと比較して、偽処置注入マウスは、有意な骨破壊(骨スコア0.9±0.4;図4a)、破骨細胞増殖(4.6±0.4破骨細胞/mm)または腫瘍成長(図4d)を示さなかった。腫瘍+ビヒクルマウスにおいて、広範囲の骨破壊が観察され、多巣性放射線透過性(骨スコア0.9±0.4;図4b)、破骨細胞数の著しい増加(4.0±0.7破骨細胞/mm)を特徴とし、腫瘍は、髄内腔を完全に満たした(髄内腔の100±0.0%;図4e)。腫瘍注入6日目から14日目までの抗NGFによる腫瘍担持マウスの処置は、肉腫+ビヒクル動物と比較して、骨再吸収において有意な変化を生じず(3.1±0.6;図4c)、肉腫誘導破骨細胞増殖(3.5±0.1破骨細胞/mm)または腫瘍成長(髄内腔の98.0±0.9%;図4f)を減少させなかった。
(大腿骨髄内への骨芽細胞性前立腺腫瘍細胞の注入により発現したマウスモデルの骨癌の疼痛処置における抗NGFモノクローナル抗体の効果)
(方法)
骨癌の疼痛のマウス前立腺モデル。骨癌の疼痛のマウス前立腺モデルを、抗NGF抗体911(マウスモノクローナル抗体;Hongoら、Hybridoma 19:215−227頁(2000)を参照)による処置効果を評価するために用いた。骨芽細胞性イヌ癌腫(オハイオ州立大学Thomas J.Rosol博士より恵与されたACE−1)細胞を維持し、腫瘍細胞の注入を、先に記載されたとおり実施した。Sabinoら、Cancer Res.62:7343−7349頁、2002年;Honoreら、Nature Medicine 6:521−528頁、2000年;Honoreら、Prog.Brain Res.129:389−397頁、2000年;Lugerら、Cancer Research 61:4038−4047頁(2001)。簡略に述べると、ACE−1細胞を、37℃および5%CO2の培地中で増殖させた。細胞をT75フラスコ(7.5cm2)中で増殖させ、週に2回、80〜90%の集密度で継代した。3回から11回の継代のみを本試験に用いた。0日目にナトリウムペントバルビタール(50mg/kg、腹腔内)による全身麻酔の誘導後、関節切開、遠位大腿骨の関節丘の曝露を実施した。Hankの緩衝滅菌生理食塩水(HBSS、Sigma Chemical社、ミズーリ州セントルイス;偽処置、n=7)または105骨芽細胞性イヌACE−1細胞(20μl、ACE−1n=60)を含有するビヒクルを、マウス大腿骨の髄内腔に注入し、注入部位を歯科用アマルガム(Dentsply、デラウェア州ミルフォード)で密封し、次いで滅菌ろ過水で潅注した。実験は、20〜32g体重の全部で89匹の 8〜10週齢成体の胸腺欠損ヌードマウス(Harlan Laboratories、ウィスコンシン州マジソン)に対して実施した。国立予防衛生研究所のガイドラインに従って特定の病原菌のない(SPF)条件下で、12時間の明暗交代サイクルで、22℃に維持されたオートクレーブケージ内にマウスを入れ、滅菌した食餌と水を自由に取らせた。
結果
抗NGF療法は、硫酸モルヒネよりも高程度に骨癌の疼痛を源弱させたが、熱的または機械的閾値のベースラインに影響を及ぼさなかった。進行中の疼痛は、2分の時間にわたる自発的防御およびすくみを測定することにより分析された。ACE−1+ビヒクルマウスは、偽処置+ビヒクル対照(0.6±0.3秒、19日目、図10A)と比較して、より大きな時間消費防御(7.7±0.8秒、19日目)を示した。さらに、ACE−1+ビヒクルマウスは、偽処置+ビヒクル対照(1.0±0.4、19日目、図10B)と比較して、すくみ数の増加(11.9±1.2、19日目)を示した。ACE−1注入マウスの抗NGFの投与は、ACE−1+ビヒクルマウス(図10A)と比較して自発的防御が有意に源弱した(1.2±0.4秒、19日目)。抗NGF処置はまた、ACE−1+ビヒクル(図10B)と比較してACE−1注入マウスにおける自発的すくみ行動を有意に減少させた(2.1±0.7、19日目)。予備的試験において、ビヒクルを受けた偽処置処置対照または抗NGF間で有意な行動差または副作用が見られなかった。
(前立腺癌または乳癌による骨への転移に由来する中等度から重篤な疼痛を有する患者における抗NGF抗体E3の鎮痛効果)
前立腺癌または乳癌による骨への転移に由来する中等度から重篤な疼痛を有する患者における無作為のプラセボ対照二重盲検試験において、抗NGF抗体E3の静脈内用量(100μg/kg、300μg/kg、1,000μg/kg)の鎮痛効果(視覚アナログスケール(Visual Analogue Scale)(VAS)により測定した発症までの時間、ピークまでの時間、持続時間ならびに疼痛の改善を含む)を、プラセボと比較した。前立腺癌または乳癌による骨への転移に由来する中等度から重篤な疼痛を経験している成人男性および女性(35才から75才)を本試験に登録する。スクリーニング期間に、患者は、1日4回の疼痛レベルの記録、また抗NGF抗体E3の投与前14日間の他の鎮痛医薬品の使用記録が求められる。
Claims (20)
- 神経成長因子(NGF)アンタゴニストの有効量を個体に投与する工程を包含する、個体における骨癌の疼痛を処置するための方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に生じる癌に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨肉腫に由来する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した癌に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した前立腺癌に由来する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した乳癌に由来する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した肺癌に由来する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した肉腫に由来する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記骨癌の疼痛が、骨に転移した腎臓癌に由来する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記NGFアンタゴニストが、抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、ヒト化抗体である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、ヒト抗体である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、ヒトNGFに結合する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、げっ歯類NGFにさらに結合する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体が、約0.1nMまたは約0.1nM未満のKDでヒトNGFに結合する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体の重鎖可変領域が、配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗NGFアンタゴニスト抗体の軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NGFアンタゴニストが、オピオイド鎮痛剤と同時投与されない請求項1に記載の方法。
- NGFアンタゴニスト、および骨癌の疼痛を処置するためにNGFアンタゴニストを用いる使用説明書を含む、骨癌の疼痛を処置するためのキット。
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US11879141B2 (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2024-01-23 | Endo Global Ventures | Nucleic acid molecules encoding clostridium histolyticum collagenase II and methods of producing the same |
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