JP2008288005A - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008288005A JP2008288005A JP2007131130A JP2007131130A JP2008288005A JP 2008288005 A JP2008288005 A JP 2008288005A JP 2007131130 A JP2007131130 A JP 2007131130A JP 2007131130 A JP2007131130 A JP 2007131130A JP 2008288005 A JP2008288005 A JP 2008288005A
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- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 特定の製造方法により製造されてなり、組成式LiaMnXCoYNiZMWOb(Mは、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ge、SeおよびPbよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素)で表され、かつ前記組成式におけるa、b、X、YおよびZが、0.95≦a≦1.2、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2で、かつ下記(1)〜(3)のいずれかを満たし、層状結晶構造を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質である。
(1)0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y+W<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36
(2)0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z+W<0.36
(3)0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36
【選択図】 なし
Description
(1)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y+W<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2;
(2)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z+W<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2;
(3)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2;
<正極活物質の合成>
原料として炭酸リチウム、酸化マンガン、水酸化コバルト、水酸化ニッケルおよび酸化チタン(アナターゼ型)を使用し、正極活物質を合成した。原料は各々のモル比がLi:Mn:Co:Ni:Ti=1.05:0.33:0.33:0.30:0.03となるように秤量した。これらの原料を乳鉢にて混合した。得られた原料混合物と、5mmφジルコニアビーズと、粉砕助剤であるプロピレングリコール(原料混合物100質量部に対して、プロピレングリコール3質量部)とを、ジルコニア製ポットに入れ、遊星ボールミルにより2時間精密粉砕して、平均粒径が数十nmであるアモルファス状態の粉体を得た。この粉体のX線回折(以下、「XRD」という)測定により得られたX線回折を測定した。粉体のアモルファス化が進み、2θが20°から55°の範囲でLi原料起因のピークを除くピークでは最も半価幅の小さいピークの半価幅の値は0.75°以上であった。
前記の正極活物質100質量部と、導電助剤である鱗片状黒鉛10質量部と、結着剤であるPVDF5質量部とを配合して、正極合剤を得た。この正極合剤に分散媒であるNMPを添加し、混練して正極合剤含有スラリーを調製した。得られた正極合剤含有スラリーを集電体であるアルミニウム箔(厚み15μm)の片面に塗布し、乾燥後、圧延ロール機でプレスして、正極を得た。
前記の正極を11mmφの大きさで打ち抜いた。この正極を用い、対極に金属リチウム板(厚み1mm)を、セパレータに多孔質樹脂からなるものを、および電解液にECとDECとの50:50(質量比)の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させたものを、それぞれ用いて、非水電解質二次電池(二極式セル)を作製した。
モル比でLi:Mn:Co:Ni:Ti=1.05:0.33:0.30:0.33:0.03となるように各原料の仕込み比を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質を合成した。得られた正極活物質についてICP発光分析を行い、仕込み相当のLi1.05Mn0.33Co0.30Ni0.33Ti0.03O2であることを確認した。また、XRD測定でLiNiO2と同じ層状構造を有することを確認した。得られた正極活物質のBET比表面積は1.19m2/gであった。
モル比でLi:Mn:Co:Ni:Ti=1.05:0.30:0.30:0.30:0.09となるように各原料の仕込み比を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質を合成した。得られた正極活物質についてICP発光分析を行い、仕込み相当のLi1.05Mn0.30Co0.30Ni0.30Ti0.10O2であることを確認した。また、XRD測定でLiNiO2と同じ層状構造を有することを確認した。得られた正極活物質のBET比表面積は1.25m2/gであった。
Ti源となる酸化チタンを使用しない他は、モル比でLi:Mn:Co:Ni=1.05:0.33:0.33:0.33となるように各原料の仕込み比を調整し、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質を合成した。得られた正極活物質についてICP発光分析を行い、仕込み相当のLi1.05Mn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33O2であることを確認した。また、XRD測定でLiNiO2と同じ層状構造を有することを確認した。得られた正極活物質のBET比表面積は1.19m2/gであった。
モル比でLi:Mn:Co:Ni:Ti=1.05:0.33:0.33:0.33:0.10となるように各原料の仕込み比を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、正極活物質を合成した。得られた正極活物質についてICP発光分析を行い、仕込み相当のLi1.05Mn0.33Co0.33Ni0.33Ti0.10O2であることを確認した。また、XRD測定でLiNiO2と同じ層状構造を有することを確認した。得られた正極活物質のBET比表面積は1.10m2/gであった。
充放電容量測定用の非水電解質二次電池(二極式セル)について、温度25℃で、まず電流密度0.2mA/cm2の定電流で電圧4.3Vまで充電した後、充電時間の総計が8時間になるまで、充電電圧を4.3Vに保持した。充電終了後の非水電解質二次電池を5分間開放させた後、0.2mA/cm2の定電流で終止電圧2.6Vまで放電させた。このときの正極活物質1gあたりの放電容量を、非水電解質二次電地の放電容量とした。初回放電容量は、充放電サイクル試験における1サイクル目の放電容量を意味する。また、容量維持率は、電流密度0.2mA/cm2で充放電を繰り返したときの初回放電容量に対する所定サイクル時の放電容量の比を意味する。
Claims (4)
- CuKα線によるX線回折において、2θが20°から55°の範囲に現れる、Liの化合物に由来するピークを除く全てのピークの半価幅が0.75°以上となるまで原料を粉砕助剤と共に粉砕混合し、Mn、Co、Ni、M(Mは、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ge、SeおよびPbよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素)およびLiを含む複合物を形成する第一工程と、前記複合物を酸素含有雰囲気中で焼成する第二工程とを有する製造方法により製造されてなり、
組成式LiaMnXCoYNiZMWObで表され、かつ前記組成式におけるa、b、X、YおよびZが、下記(1)〜(3)のいずれかを満たし、層状結晶構造を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
(1)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y+W<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2
(2)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z+W<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2
(3)0.95≦a≦1.2、0.3≦X<0.36、0.3≦Y<0.36、0.3≦Z<0.36、0.005≦W<0.1、0.95<X+Y+Z+W≦1.05、1.8≦b≦2.2 - 前記組成式における元素Mの量Wが、0.05以下である請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記組成式における元素MがTiである請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
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