JP2008208442A - 金属化合物粒子を用いた接合方法 - Google Patents
金属化合物粒子を用いた接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008208442A JP2008208442A JP2007048378A JP2007048378A JP2008208442A JP 2008208442 A JP2008208442 A JP 2008208442A JP 2007048378 A JP2007048378 A JP 2007048378A JP 2007048378 A JP2007048378 A JP 2007048378A JP 2008208442 A JP2008208442 A JP 2008208442A
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- bonding
- joining
- metal
- oxide layer
- reducing agent
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Abstract
実装プロセス中の接合過程において接合温度の低温化を達成でき、接合後の有機物残渣が少ない接合プロセスを提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】
本発明は、被接合部材の接合界面に酸素を含む酸化物層を形成し、接合界面に平均粒径が1nm以上50μm以下の金属化合物粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む接合用材料を配置した後、被接合部材間を加熱、加圧することにより被接合部材を接合することを特徴とする。また、前記金属化合物が金属酸化物、金属炭酸塩、又はカルボン酸金属塩の粒子から選ばれる1種以上の金属粒子であることを特徴とする。
【選択図】図1
Description
24000、ソルスパース26000、ソルスパース27000、ソルスパース28000
(以上、アビシア社製)などの高分子系分散剤を用いることができる。このような分散剤の使用量は金属化合物に接合用材料中において0.01wt% 以上でかつ45wt%を超えない範囲とする。
実施例1では、試験片として銅のペレットを使用し、その大きさは上側が直径5mm、厚さ2mmで下側が直径10mm、厚さ5mmである。この試験片を、前処理として25℃の200g/L,NH4S2O8+5mL/L,H2SO4 溶液中に90s浸漬しソフトエッチングを施した後、70℃の90g/L,NaClO2+30g/L,NaOH 溶液中に所定の時間浸漬し酸化処理を行った。接合に使用した接合材料は以下の方法で作製した。平均粒径が50μm以下の酸化銀0.8gとミリスチルアルコール0.2gを乳鉢を用いて10分間すり潰し混合させた後、この混合粉末にトルエンを0.4g添加してペースト状にした。これを1時間ほど振動機を用いて振動を加えることにより、混合溶液中に酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールを分散させた。上記、酸化処理をした試験片に上記ペーストを塗布し、次いで60℃で5分間乾燥を行いトルエンを除去させた後、接合を行った。接合時の条件は、接合温度が300℃および400℃、接合時間は2.5min、加圧力を2.5Mpa とした。酸化処理時間の影響を調べるため、10s,1min,2min,10min と変化させた場合の接合強度を測定した。接合強度は、純粋せん断応力で評価した。このせん断試験には、西進商事製ボンドテスターSS−100KP(最大荷重100kg)を用いた。せん断速度は300mm/min とし、試験片をせん断ツールで破断させ、破断時の最大荷重を測定し、この最大荷重を接合面積で割ったものをせん断強度とした。図2は、せん断強度の酸化処理時間依存性を示している。酸化処理を施さない場合、表面には約2nmの酸化物層が存在しているが、この場合の接合強度は高融点はんだの場合よりかなり低い。しかし酸化処理を施すと、急激に接合強度は上昇した後に、酸化処理時間とともに減少するようになる。10sの酸化処理時間を施した場合、酸化処理を施さない場合と比較して300℃では2倍以上、400℃でも1.5 倍程度の接合強度が上昇し、高融点はんだと同等の接合強度が得られることが確認できる。1分の酸化処理を施した場合でも、接合強度は、酸化処理を施した場合より大きい。しかしそれ以上の酸化処理を施すと、接合強度は酸化処理を施さない場合より、小さくなる。試験後の破断面を観察すると、酸化処理時間が10sおよび1分の場合は、焼結銀層中における破壊であるのに対し、1分を超えたものに関しては、界面破壊であった。これは、酸化皮膜層を厚くした場合、接合後においても酸化物層が残存するために、残差として存在するためにその部分で破壊が生じたためと思われる。図3は、上記アルカリ液中で酸化処理を実施した場合の酸化膜厚の時間変化を示したものである。酸化皮膜厚は、カソード還元法を利用して測定した。すなわち0.1M
NaOH溶液中で、−20mA/cm2 の定電流を印加し、その電位が変化するまでの電気量から酸化皮膜厚に換算した。図3と図2との対比から、高い接合強度が得られる酸化皮膜厚は、100nm以下であることが分かる。酸化処理を施していない場合、すなわち自然酸化による酸化膜厚は約2nmであるが、この場合は、1分以内の酸化処理を施した場合より接合強度が小さい。図4は、接合の際の加圧力を変化させた場合の接合力の変化を示している。酸化処理を行わない場合は、加圧力を増加させるとともにせん断強度は直線的に増加する。これは、加圧力を増加させることで、接合中における焼結銀層の緻密化、また焼結銀層と接合部材の界面での接触面積が増加するためにより広い面積において金属結合が達成されるようになるためと考えられる。一方、酸化処理を施した場合では、より低圧領域において酸化処理による接合力の増加の効果が顕著になる。この機構は必ずしも明らかではないが、酸化物が効果的に有機物を燃焼させている効果のあらわれと考えられる。
本実施例は、乾式法による代表例として、空気酸化法を適用したものである。実施例1のアルカリ+酸化剤による酸化皮膜処理以外の部分は、同じ方法を用いた。本実施例における酸化処理は、恒温槽または電気炉を用いて、温度200℃〜400℃、酸化時間2〜10分実施した。表1は、空気酸化処理をした試験片を使用して上記酸化銀ペーストを使用して接合した場合のせん断強度を温度と酸化時間をパラメータとして示している。結果を表1に示す。表中のセルの点線の上は酸化膜厚、下にせん断強度比(高融点はんだの強度を1)を示している。色の付いた領域が酸化処理による接合強度の増加が見られた領域である。酸化皮膜厚は、時間および温度の増加とともに厚くなる。せん断強度の増加がみられた酸化膜厚は、自然酸化膜厚より厚い8nm〜100nmの領域であり、それ以上酸化膜厚が厚くなると実施例1に示した場合と同様に、せん断強度は低下するようになる。
本実施例は、接合に使用する有機物と金属粒子の組み合わせを変えて接合させた場合の接合強度比を示している。接合面に使用した金属は、銅およびニッケルである。銅を使用した場合は、実施例1に示した25℃の200g/L,NH4S2O8+5mL/L,
H2SO4溶液中に90s浸漬しソフトエッチング次いで、70℃の90g/L,NaClO2+30g/L,NaOH 溶液中に10s浸漬し酸化処理を施している。ニッケルを使用した場合は、実施例2に示した高温処理により酸化皮膜を形成させている。生成条件は、空気中、400℃、2分である。使用した粒子は、酸化銀、酸化銅、酸化金、炭酸銀、酢酸銀である。また還元性の有機物として、ミリスチルアルコール、エチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、メタノール、エタノール、オクチルアルコール、ウンデシルアルコール、ヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、ラウリルアルコール、テトラデカン酸、アスコルビン酸を使用した。表2は、それぞれの金属粒子および有機物を使用して接合した場合(温度400℃、時間2.5min、圧力2.5MPa),Iいずれの場合においても高融点はんだの80%I以上の接合強度を得ることができている。
図5は本発明の実施例の一つである非絶縁型半導体装置の構造を示した図である。図5(a)は上面図、図5(b)は図5(a)A−A′部の断面図である。半導体素子
(MOSFET)301をセラミック絶縁基板302上に、セラミック絶縁基板302をベース材303上にそれぞれ搭載した後、エポキシ系樹脂ケース304、ボンディングワイヤ305、エポキシ系樹脂ふた306を設け、同一ケース内にシリコーンゲル樹脂307を充填した。ここで、ベース材303上のセラミック絶縁基板302は酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材で構成された接合層308で接合され、セラミック絶縁板302の銅板302a上には8個のSiからなるMOSFET素子301が酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材で構成された接合層
309で接合されている。酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材で構成された接合層308及び309による接合は、先ず、セラミック絶縁板302の銅板302a上、及びベース材303上に酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材を銅板302a上とベース材303上にそれぞれ塗布する。
310の間は、直径300μmのAl線305を用い超音波接合法によりでワイヤボンディングした。311は銅めっきおよび酸化処理を施した温度検出用サーミスタ素子で、酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材で構成された接合層309で構成され、電極302と端子310との間を直径300μmのAl線305でワイヤボンディングし外部へ連絡されている。
310には穴310′がそれぞれ設けられ、絶縁型半導体装置1000を外部回路と接続するためのネジ(図示せず)が装着されるようになっている。端子310はあらかじめ所定形状に打抜き、成形された酸化処理を施した銅板にであり、エポキシ系樹脂ケース304に取付けられている。
303Aが設けられている。ベース材はCuで構成されており、表面に酸化処理を施してある。ベース材303上には前記酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト層によりセラミック絶縁基板302(銅部は酸化処理済)を、そしてセラミック絶縁基板302(銅部は酸化処理済)上には酸化銀とミリスチルアルコールをトルエンに分散したペースト材による層によりMOSFET素子301がそれぞれ搭載されている。
302搭載領域に対応するように撥水膜322が施されている。さらに、セラミック絶縁基板302上には、半導体素子301の搭載領域に対応するように撥水膜321が施されており、Ag粒子含有溶液塗布時の溶液流れ防止を図っている。
図8は本発明を用いた非絶縁型半導体装置における他の実施例の一つを示した図である。
LEDを基板に実装する際に本発明に接合方法を用いて接合を行うことで、従来の半田乃至熱伝導性接着材よりも放熱性を向上させることが可能になる。
302,403 セラミック絶縁基板
302a,302b セラミック絶縁板上銅部
303 ベース材(銅)
304 エポキシ系樹脂ケース
305 Al材
308,309 接合層
310 端子
311 温度検出用サーミスタ
322 撥水膜
401 半導体素子
402a,402b 銅配線
402b 銅配線
431 接続用端子
Claims (15)
- 被接合部材の接合界面に酸素を含む酸化物層を形成する工程と、
接合界面に、平均粒径が1nm以上50μm以下の金属化合物粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む接合用材料を配置する工程と、
被接合部材間を加熱、加圧することにより被接合部材を接合することを特徴とする接合方法。 - 請求項1において、前記金属化合物が金属酸化物、金属炭酸塩、又はカルボン酸金属塩の粒子から選ばれる1種以上の金属粒子であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記金属化合物が、銀、金または銅の少なくとも1種類以上の化合物であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記還元剤がアルコール類、カルボン酸類、アミン類から選ばれた1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記還元剤が、エチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、メタノール、エタノール、オクチルアルコール、ウンデシルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコールで代表されるアルコール類、または、ヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、ラウリルアミン、で代表されるアルキルアミン、テトラデカン酸で代表されるカルボン酸、アスコルビン酸、の中から少なくとも1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記酸化物層の厚さが5nm以上でありかつ100nm以下であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記酸化物層を、酸化剤を有するアルカリ溶液中で酸化処理させることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項7において、前記酸化剤が亜硫酸塩、過酸化水素、硝酸塩、過硫酸塩であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記被接合部材を高温水蒸気環境に曝すことにより、表面に酸化物層を形成させることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、接合体を高温の空気に曝すことにより、表面に酸化物層を形成させることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記被接合部材の接合面に無電解めっきまたは電気めっきにより銅、銀またはニッケルを析出させた後、めっき金属表面を酸化させることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記酸化物層が銅の酸化物であることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1において、前記加熱により前記金属化合物粒子を還元させて平均粒径が100nm以下の金属粒子を生成させることを特徴とする接合方法。
- 請求項1に記載の接合方法により接合されていること特徴とする接合部材。
- 半導体素子の電極と前記半導体素子の電気信号を外部に取り出すための配線とを接合する方法であって、
前記半導体素子の電極、または、前記配線の少なくとも一方の表面に酸素を含む酸化物層を形成する工程と、
前記電極と前記配線との間に平均粒径が1nm以上50μm以下の金属化合物粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む接合用材料を配置する工程と、
前記電極と配線との間を加熱、加圧することにより接合する工程とを有することを特徴と接合方法。
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