JP2008184155A - 航空機胴体およびその他の構造の複合バレルセクション、および係るバレルセクションを製造する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
航空機胴体およびその他の構造の複合バレルセクション、および係るバレルセクションを製造する方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】軸周りに360°延在する連続的な表面を形成する複数の単方向の繊維を有する外板220と、この外板220の内表面に結合する第1のフランジ部231と、外板220から離れて内側に突出する第1の突起部とを有する第1のスティフナ230と、外板220の内表面に結合する第2のフランジ部分231と、外板220から離れて内側に突出する第2の突起部とを有する第2のスティフナ230とを備える。
【選択図】図2A
Description
本出願は、2004年4月6日に出願され、参照によりその全体が本書に援用される、同時係属の米国仮特許出願第60/559,890号[代理人事件整理番号第03004.8138US00号]の「航空機胴体およびその他の構造の複合バレルセクション、および係るバレルセクションを製造する方法およびシステム」の優先権を主張する。
以下の開示は、通常、航空機の構造に関し、より具体的には、航空機胴体の複合バレルセクションおよびこのような胴体セクションを製造する方法およびシステムに関する。
航空機の製造者は、航空機の性能を上げ、製造コストを下げる方法を求めてたゆまぬ努力をしている。航空機の性能を上げるある周知の方法は、比較的高い強度重力比を有する複合材料を用いて機体重量を減少させることである。複合材料は、戦闘機、高性能のプライベート航空機、およびビジネスジェット機の機体に用いられてきた。しかし、大きな民間用輸送機などの大きな航空機は通常、主要な構造の全てもしくはほとんどに金属材料を用いる。民間用輸送機の胴体シェルはたとえば、通常、アルミニウムおよびその他の金属から製造される。
、フィラメントの巻き装置は、材料がマンドレルに接触する直前に、繊維材料を樹脂“浴”に通す。これは“湿巻き”と呼ばれる。他の適用において、繊維は樹脂にあらかじめ含浸し、樹脂浴の必要性を除去する。樹脂のオーブンもしくはオートクレーブ硬化に続いて、マンドレルは適切な位置にとどまって巻き構成要素の部分となってよく、もしくは除去されてよい。
本発明は概して、航空機胴体もしくはその他の構造の複合セクションを対象とする。本発明の一態様にしたがって構成されたセクションは、軸周りに360°にわたって延在する連続的な表面を形成する複数の繊維トウを有する外板を含む。セクションはさらに、少なくとも第1および第2のスティフナを含むことができる。第1のスティフナは、外板の内表面に接合された第1のフランジ部と、外板の内表面から離れて内側に突出する第1の突起部とを有することができる。第2のスティフナは、外板の内表面に接合された第2のフランジ部と、外板の内表面から離れて内側に突出する第2の突起部とを有することができる。本発明の他の態様にしたがって構成されたセクションは、複数の平行にされた繊維トウの代わりに、もしくはそれに加えて、連続的な表面を形成する複数の繊維テープを有する外板を含むことができる。
れに加えて、繊維テープを回転するマンドレルアセンブリ上のスティフナ上に敷設する工程を含むことができる。
以下の開示は、航空機胴体およびその他の構造の複合バレルセクション、およびこのようなバレルセクションを製造する方法およびシステムを説明する。この開示全体にわたって、バレルセクションの用語は通常、便宜上、軸周りに360°延在する密封されたシェル構造を言及するのに用いられる。このような構造はたとえば、円形、長円形、楕円形、卵形、およびその他の対称および/もしくは非対称の断面形状を有する、円筒状のシェルを含むことができる。このような構造はさらに、密封された非円筒状のシェルを含むこともできる。いくつかの詳細は、以下の説明および図1〜図14Cに説明され、本発明の多様な実施形態の完全な理解を提供する。しばしば航空機の構造および複合加工技術に関連する周知の構造およびシステムを説明するその他の詳細は、本発明の多様な実施形態の説明を不必要にあいまいにすることを避けるため、以下の開示には説明されない。
0の反対側から外側に延在する複数の第2のフランジ部231bとして識別される)とを含むことができる。フランジ部231は、外板220に直接結合されることができる。図示された実施形態において、スティフナ230は帽子状の断面を有する。しかし以下に説明される他の実施形態において、スティフナ230はその他の断面形状を有することができる。
成することができる金属に作成することと異なり、複合表面にジョグルもしくはステップを作成することは、特別な機械設備および/もしくは後硬化加工を一般的に必要とするため、このようなコストは複合材料を扱う時に特に大きい。
レルセクション410の部分の上面図および端面図である。図4Aおよび図4Bをともに参照すると、バレルセクション410は、外板420に取りつけられた複数の非対称のスティフナ450を含むことができる。非対称のスティフナ450のそれぞれは、突起434の片側から外側に延在する複数の第1のフランジ部431と、突起434の反対側から外側に延在する第2のフランジ部437とを含むことができる。第2のフランジ部437は、少なくともほぼまっすぐであってよい。しかし第1のフランジ部431は、突起434から外側に、少なくとも隣接するスティフナ450の最も近い対応する第2のフランジ部437まで突出してもよい。フレーム(図示せず)は、図2Aおよび図2Bを参照して上述されるように、フランジ部431および437に結合することができる。
ル断片706(ツール断片706a〜706fとして個々に識別される)を円筒状の配置に支持するよう構成された回転可能なツール固定具702を含む。ツール断片706は、鉄、インバール、アルミニウム、もしくは複合材料を含む複数の適切な材料から製造されることができる。ツール断片706のそれぞれは、スティフナ730のうちの対応する1つを個別に受けるよう構成された複数のスティフナ溝708を含むことができる。一実施形態において、スティフナ730は帽子状断面形状のスティフナ(たとえば、少なくとも構造および機能の点で、図2Aおよび図2Bを参照して上述されるスティフナ230と通常同様である、帽子状断面形状のスティフナ)であってよい。この実施形態において、スティフナ730のそれぞれは、スティフナのフランジ部(たとえば図2Aのフランジ部231)がスティフナ溝708に隣接するツール断片706に形成された対応するくぼみに位置するように、対応するスティフナ溝708において反転している。
22の部分であってよい。明瞭さを期すために図8には詳細に示されていないが、繊維配置機械814は、複数の繊維トウ818を平行にするよう構成された1以上のペイオフヘッドを含むことができる。さらに、繊維配置機械814は、一般的に複数軸の、ガントリーに取りつけられた配置機械と共に用いられ、繊維トウ、および/もしくは、ファブリック、テープ、個別のフィラメントなどのその他の複合材料、およびその他の単方向もしくは多方向のあらかじめ含浸した、もしくはあらかじ含浸していない複合材料、およびそれらの組み合わせを分配し、固定し、カットし、再スタートする、支持ハードウェア(材料クリール、圧縮ローラーなど)、をさらに含むことができる。
隣接して動作可能に支持された検査機器1160を含む。検査機器1160は、ツールアセンブリ700が回転して積層体820の構造的完全性を検査するにつれ、積層体820の長さに沿って前後に動くように構成することができる。一実施形態において、検査機器1160は、積層体820における空隙や剥離を発見する超音波検査装置を含むことができる。他の実施形態において、当該技術分野において周知の、他の種類の適切な検査機器が、積層体820を検査するのに用いられてよい。このような機器は、たとえば、パルスエコー検査器具もしくはサーモグラフィ検査器具を含む。一旦、積層体820が完全に検査されると、ツールアセンブリ700はガントリービーム912によって再び持ち上げられ、トリミングステーション660(図6)へ運ばれる。
の時、フレームのスタブアウトに挿入され、配置され、取りつけられることができる。本実施形態のさらなる態様において、上述の製造操作は、胴体バレルセクション110の基礎的な構造組立てを、あらかじめ組立てられたペイロードおよびインテリア一式が据えつけられることができるところまで完成させる。その後、バレルセクション110は、図1に示される胴体102の最終組立てのため、隣接するバレルセクションに接合されてよい。
体が参照することによりここに援用される、同時係属の米国仮特許出願第[代理人事件整理番号第03004.8135US00号]号の“航空機胴体およびその他の構造に用いる構造パネル”、および/もしくは、同時係属の米国特許出願第[代理人事件整理番号第03004.8137US00号]号の“航空機胴体およびその他の構造に用いる構造パネル”の教示にしたがって、製造され、および/もしくは組立てられる。
Claims (13)
- 軸周りに360°延在する連続的な表面を形成する複数の繊維テープを有する外板と、
前記外板の内表面に接合された第1のフランジ部と、前記外板の前記内表面から離れて内側に突出する第1の突起部を有する第1のスティフナと、
前記第1のスティフナと離間した少なくとも第2のスティフナであって、前記外板の前記内表面に接合された第2のフランジ部と、前記外板の前記内表面から内側に離れて突出する第2の突起部とを有する第2のスティフナとを備える、航空機胴体のセクション。 - 前記繊維テープのそれぞれが、樹脂をあらかじめ含浸した複数の単方向の繊維ストランドを含む、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 前記繊維テープのそれぞれが、ファブリックテープに織り交ぜられた複数の単方向の繊維ストランドを含む、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 前記繊維テープのそれぞれが、複数の単方向のカーボン繊維ストランドを含む、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 前記外板の前記内表面に取りつけられたフレームセクションをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 前記第1および第2のスティフナに取りつけられたフレームセクションをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 前記外板の前記内表面に少なくとも近接して取りつけられたフレームセクションをさらに備え、前記フレームセクションが少なくとも第1および第2の開口部を含み、前記第1のスティフナの前記第1の突起部が前記第1の開口部を通じて延在し、前記第2のスティフナの前記第2の突起部は前記第2の開口部を通じて延在する、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- ベース部を有するフレームセクションをさらに備え、前記第1のスティフナの前記第1のフランジ部および前記第2のスティフナの前記第2のフランジ部の少なくとも一方が、前記第1のフランジ部および前記第2のフランジ部の他方へ向かって延在して、前記第1のスティフナの前記第1の突起部と前記第2のスティフナの前記第2の突起部との間に延在する少なくともほぼ連続的な支持表面を形成し、前記フレームセクションの前記ベース部が前記少なくともほぼ連続的な支持表面に結合する、請求項1に記載のセクション。
- 複数のスティフナを軸周りに位置づける手段と、
前記スティフナの少なくとも一部を複数の繊維トウで覆って、前記軸周りに360°延在する外板を形成する手段と、
前記スティフナと前記繊維トウとを共に硬化する手段とを備える、胴体のセクションを製造するシステム。 - 前記複数の繊維トウを平行にする手段をさらに備える、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 複数のスティフナを位置づける前記手段が、複数の帽子状断面形状のスティフナを位置づける手段を含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のスティフナを、前記位置づける手段から前記覆う手段まで移動させる手段をさらに備える、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のスティフナを前記位置づける手段から前記覆う手段まで運搬する第1の移動手段と、
前記スティフナおよび前記繊維トウを前記覆う手段から前記共に硬化する手段まで運搬する第2の移動手段とをさらに備える、請求項9に記載のシステム。
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