JP2007517936A - 気相反応器におけるシーティングを制御するための方法 - Google Patents
気相反応器におけるシーティングを制御するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007517936A JP2007517936A JP2006547126A JP2006547126A JP2007517936A JP 2007517936 A JP2007517936 A JP 2007517936A JP 2006547126 A JP2006547126 A JP 2006547126A JP 2006547126 A JP2006547126 A JP 2006547126A JP 2007517936 A JP2007517936 A JP 2007517936A
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- JBLSZOJIKAQEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hypobromite Chemical compound BrOC1=CC=CC=C1 JBLSZOJIKAQEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)N ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000576 tactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
同伴域に存在するものとして本明細書中に記述される静電プローブは、少なくとも一つのリサイクルラインプローブ;少なくとも一つの管状ディスクプローブ;少なくとも一つの分配板静電プローブ;又は少なくとも一つの上方反応器静電プローブのうちの一つもしくは複数を含む。上方反応器静電プローブは、慣用の(一つもしくは複数の)プローブの分配板上方の1/4〜3/4反応器直径高さの外側もしくは上方に来る。これらのプローブは、個別に、又は上記各群(グループ)からの一つもしくは複数の追加のプローブと共に、同伴静電気を測定するために使用され得る。図1は、本発明の実施形態で使用される器具のいくつかの一般的な位置を示す。該器具は、本明細書中に記述するような、流動床における慣用の(一つもしくは複数の)静電気検出器(「慣用反応器静電プローブ」)を含む。
上記少なくとも一つのリサイクルライン静電プローブは、反応器の上部におけるリサイクルラインの入口から反応器の底部へ至るリサイクルラインの出口まで、リサイクルラインのどの部分にも位置付けられ得る。これは、反応器の上部のリサイクルライン入口から冷却器又は圧縮機(これらは、互いに空間的に置き換え得る)まで、冷却器及び圧縮機の間、冷却器又は圧縮機後の冷却器又は圧縮機と反応器の底部のリサイクルライン出口との間を含む。少なくとも一つのリサイクルライン静電プローブと共に、我々は、一つもしくは複数の位置において1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10もしくはそれを上回るリサイクルライン静電プローブを企図する。
上記少なくとも一つの環状ディスク静電プローブは、環状ディスク上のどの位置にも又は環状ディスクに対し水平に配置され得る。該環状ディスクは、環状開口を(比較的高速度で)通過する気体及び/又は液体及び/又は同伴固体粒子の流れストリームに対するアクセスを提供する。プローブの先端部は、0.1〜0.9D、もしくは0.2〜0.8D、もしくは0.3〜0.7D、もしくは0.4〜0.6D、もしくは0.5D(Dは環状ディスクの内径)の距離、環状開口内へと突出し得る。我々は、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10もしくはそれ以上のこれら環状ディスク静電プローブを企図する。プローブ先端部は、該プローブ先端部と該環の金属面(及び反応器壁)との間の電気接触を防ぐため、絶縁材料によって取り付けられなければならない。少なくとも一つの環状ディスク静電プローブからの電流は、±0〜50ナノアンプ/cm2、又は、±0.01〜25、もしくは±0.01〜20、もしくは±0.1〜15、もしくは±0.1〜10、もしくは±0.1〜7.5、もしくは±0.1〜5.0、もしくは±0.1〜2.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.0ナノアンプ/cm2であり得る。
上記少なくとも一つの上方床静電プローブは、反応器内において、慣用静電プローブの上限(分配板上方の、反応器直径の3/4倍に等しい距離)よりも高く、すなわち、一般に、反応器直径の0.8倍、もしくは0.9倍、もしくは1.0倍に少なくとも等しいか、もしくはそれを上回る距離だけ高く、反応器の垂直壁が該反応器の円錐区域に出会う地点までに配置され得る。我々は、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10もしくはそれ以上のこれら上方床静電プローブを企図する。少なくとも一つの上方床静電プローブからの電流は、±0〜50ナノアンプ/cm2、又は、±0.01〜25、もしくは±0.01〜20、もしくは±0.1〜15、もしくは±0.1〜10、もしくは±0.1〜7.5、もしくは±0.1〜5.0、もしくは±0.1〜2.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.0ナノアンプ/cm2であり得る。
分配板キャップとも呼ばれる上記少なくとも一つの分配板静電プローブは、キャリーオーバー静電気を測定する別の手段を表す。該少なくとも一つの分配板プローブは、分配板の一つもしくは複数の孔の上に置かれる金属キャップを備えている。該(複数の)キャップは、板から絶縁され、電気導管を用いて電流計に接続される。該少なくとも一つのプローブは、(一つもしくは複数の)金属キャップ上における触媒及び/又は樹脂の微粉(fines)の衝突による電流移動(電流伝達)を測定する。分配板静電プローブ(キャップ)は、上述したように炭素鋼もしくは他の導体から構成され得、分配板上の他の(取り付けられていない)全キャップにより生じる電荷移動をシミュレートする。理想的には、これらの分配板プローブ(キャップ)は、分配板及びキャップと同じ材料から構成される。キャリーオーバー静電気の測定に有益な分配板静電プローブの更なる詳細は、タイトル「気相ポリエチレン反応器における静電気測定及び検出(Static Measurement and Detection in a Gas Phase Polyethylene Reactor)」で、2002年12月26日付け出願、2004年7月8日付け公開の米国公開第20040132931号に記載される。我々は、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10もしくはそれ以上のこれら分配板静電プローブを企図する。少なくとも一つの該分配板プローブからの電流は、±0〜50ナノアンプ/cm2、又は、±0.01〜25、もしくは±0.01〜20、もしくは±0.1〜15、もしくは±0.1〜10、もしくは±0.1〜7.5、もしくは±0.1〜5.0、もしくは±0.1〜2.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.5、もしくは±0.1〜1.0ナノアンプ/cm2であり得る。
当業者は、静電プローブからの電流信号を処理する多くの方法が存在し得ることを認識する。これらの方法は、10ミリ秒〜10時間、もしくは10秒〜10時間、もしくは30秒〜5時間、もしくは1分〜1時間、もしくは1分〜1/2時間、もしくは1分〜10分の平均時間による単純な加重平均を含む。それに加えてもしくは代えて、上記信号は、基本電流信号の根平均2乗(RMS)微分(導関数/偏差)、基本電流信号の標準偏差、基本電流信号の絶対値、もしくは基本電流信号の絶対値の平均(上記平均時間を用いる)を供給するために処理され得る。
すぐ上で述べた一つもしくは複数の静電プローブが、ゼロより上もしくは下の静電気活動を記録し始めた際(「ゼロもしくはゼロ付近」の上もしくは下としてそれぞれ定義される)、静電気活動のレベルを低く保つため、もしくは、該レベルをゼロもしくはゼロ付近に戻すために対策が採られるべきであり、これが、反応器(不)連続イベントを防止、低減もしくは除去し、この点を我々は示した。企図される対策は、一つもしくは複数の連続添加剤の添加を含む。このような添加は、反応器内にあるレベルの連続添加剤が既に存在するなら、反応器内の該レベルを高める効果をもたらし得る。反応器内に存在することとなる(一つもしくは複数)連続添加剤の総量は、250もしくは200、又は150、又は125もしくは100もしくは90、又は80、又は70、又は60、又は50、又は40、又は30、又は20もしくは10ppm(生産されているポリマーの重量百万分率)を一般に超えず、及び/又は、連続添加剤の量は、生産されているポリマーの重量ベースで、ゼロ、又は1もしくは3もしくは5もしくは7もしくは10もしくは12もしくは14もしくは15もしくは17もしくは20ppmより大きくなる(通常、単位時間当たりのポンドもしくはキログラムとして表される)。これらの下限のいずれも、どの上限とも組み合わすことができる。これらの連続添加剤量は、一つ、二つ、三つ、四つもしくはそれを超える連続添加剤を企図し、反応器中の一つもしくは二つもしくはそれを超える連続添加剤の総量は、どのような源からのすぐ上に開示した総量の添加剤となると理解される。連続添加剤は、専用供給ラインを通じて反応器に直接加えられ得、及び/又は、エチレン供給ストリーム、コモノマー供給ストリーム、触媒供給ラインもしくはリサイクルラインを含むどのような慣用供給ストリームへも加えられ得る。二以上の連続添加剤が使用されるなら、各連続添加剤は、別個の供給ストリームとして、又は、別個の供給ストリームの任意の組合せ、もしくは混合物として反応器に加えられ得る。連続添加剤が反応器に加えられる態様は、該(一つもしくは複数の)添加剤が流動床内で十分に分散され、また、それらの供給速度(もしくは濃度)が上記したキャリーオーバー静電気の最小レベルを与える態様に調節される限り、重要ではない。
慣用の遷移金属触媒及びメタロセン触媒、もしくはこれらの組合せを含むすべての重合触媒は、本発明のプロセスの実施形態の使用に適している。また、例えば、AlCl3、コバルト、鉄、パラジウム、クロム/酸化クロム、もしくは「フィリップス」触媒等が企図される。以下に、本発明に有用な非限定的な種々の重合触媒が記述される。
本明細書中、用語「触媒系(触媒システム)」は、少なくとも一つの「触媒成分(触媒要素)」及び少なくとも一つの「活性剤」を含み、あるいは少なくとも一つの共触媒を含む。触媒系はまた、担体等の他の成分を含み得る。また、単独のもしくは組み合わせた触媒成分及び/又は活性剤に限定されない。触媒系は、本明細書中に記述したいずれかの組合せにおいていかなる数の触媒成分並び活性剤をも含み得る。
本発明の実施形態に有益な触媒系は、本明細書中に記載した少なくとも一つのメタロセン触媒成分を含む。メタロセン触媒化合物は、例えば、1&2 METALLOCENE-BASED POLYOLEFINS(John Scheirs & W. Kaminsky eds., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2000)、及びG.G. Hlatky in 181 COORDINATION CHEM. REV. 243−296(1999)の全体にわたって一般的に記載され、特に、1 METALLOCENE-BASED POLYOLEFINS 261−377(2000)におけるポリエチレンの合成での使用のために記載される。本明細書中に記述したメタロセン触媒化合物は、少なくとも一つの3族〜12族の金属原子に結合された一つもしくは複数のCp配位子(シクロペンタジエニル、及びシクロペンタジエニルに対して等電子的(アイソローバル)な配位子)と、少なくとも一つの金属原子に結合された一つもしくは複数の離脱基とを有する「ハーフサンドイッチ」化合物及び「フルサンドイッチ」化合物を含む。以下、これらの化合物は、「メタロセン」もしくは「メタロセン触媒成分」と称される。メタロセン触媒成分は、実施形態において担体材料に支持され、また、別の触媒成分と共にもしくは別の触媒成分を伴わずに支持され得る。
本発明の一側面は、望ましい触媒成分として本明細書中に記述したようないわゆる「15族含有」触媒成分の、単独での使用、又は、メタロセンもしくは他のオレフィン重合触媒成分を伴う使用を含む。一般的に、本明細書中で述べる「15族含有触媒成分」は、3族〜12族の金属錯体を含み、ここで、金属は2〜8配位で、該配位部分は少なくとも二つから四つまでの15族原子を含む。一実施形態において、15族含有触媒成分は、4族金属と一つから四つの配位子との錯体であり、4族金属は、少なくとも2配位で、該配位部分は、少なくとも二つの窒素を含む。代表的な15族含有化合物は、例えば、WO99/01460号、EP Al 0 893 454号、EP Al 0 894 005号、US 5,318,935号、US 5,889,128号、US 6,333,389 B2号、及びUS 6,271,325 Bl号に開示されている。
本明細書中、用語「活性剤」は、例えば、触媒成分からカチオン種を作り出すこと等により、シングルサイト触媒化合物(例えば、メタロセン、15族含有触媒)を活性化させ得る、支持されるかもしくは支持されない、いかなる化合物もしくは化合物の組合せにも定義される。典型的には、これは、触媒成分の金属中心からの少なくとも一つの離脱基(上記配合(化学式)/構造におけるX基)の抽出を含む。従って、本発明の実施形態の触媒成分は、そのような活性剤を用いてオレフィン重合に向けて活性化される。そのような活性剤の実施形態は、環状ポリもしくはオリゴマーポリ(ヒドロカルビルアルミニウム酸化物)及びいわゆる非配位活性剤(「NCA」)(あるいは「イオン化活性剤」もしくは「化学量論活性剤」)等のルイス酸を含み、又は、中性メタロセン触媒成分を、オレフィン重合に対して活性であるメタロセンカチオンに転換することができる他のいかなる化合物をも含む。
触媒組成は、非メタロセン化合物である(もしくは非メタロセン化合物を含む)触媒成分からなり得る。実施形態において、触媒成分は、チーグラー−ナッタ触媒化合物を含み得、チーグラー−ナッタ触媒化合物は、例えば、ZIEGLER CATALYSTS 363-386(G. Fink, R. Mulhaupt and H.H. Brintzinger, eds., Springer-Verlag 1995);又はEP103 120;EP102 503;EP0 231 102;EP 0 703 246;RE 33,683;US4,302,565;US5,518,973;US5,525,678;US5,288,933;US5,290,745;US5,093,415及びUS6,562,905に開示されている。そのような触媒の例は、4族、5族もしくは6族の遷移金属の酸化物、アルコキシド及びハロゲン化物からなるもの、又は、チタン、ジルコニウムもしくはバナジウムの酸化物、アルコキシド及びハロゲン化物の化合物からなるものを含み、随意的に、マグネシウム化合物、内部及び/又は外部電子供与体(アルコール、エーテル、シロキサン等)、アルミニウムもしくはホウ素アルキル及びハロゲン化アルキル、及び無機酸化物担体と組み合わせたものを含む。
重合は、上記触媒と、エチレン及び一つもしくは複数のα−オレフィンから選択されるモノマーとを用いて行われ得、α−オレフィンは、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−オクテン、もしくは1−デセンから選択される。
オレイン酸アルミニウム(溶液)
ステアリン酸アルミニウム(スラリー)
OCTASTAT3000(溶液)
OCTASTAT2000(溶液)
AS−990(スラリー)
ATMER163(溶液)
ステアリン酸アルミニウム
AS−990
オレイン酸アルミニウム
OCTASTAT2000
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも一つの連続添加剤を、少なくとも一つのオレフィンの重合反応によって生産されるポリマーのシーティングを防止もしくは後退させる量で反応器システム内に導入するための方法にして、前記重合反応が前記反応器システム内で行われ、かつ、前記反応器システムが、流動床反応器と、同伴域と、前記ポリマーを生産可能な触媒系を導入するための触媒供給物と、触媒混合物とは無関係の前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤を導入するための少なくとも一つの連続添加剤供給物と、前記同伴域の静電気活動のレベルを監視するための手段とを備えた当該方法であって、
(a)前記少なくとも一つのオレフィンを、流動床反応器内において重合条件下で前記触媒系と接触させる工程と、
(b)前記重合反応の前、その間もしくはその後の任意の時間に、前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤を反応器システム内に導入する工程と、
(c)前記同伴域における静電気活動のレベルを監視する工程と、
(d)同伴域における静電気活動のレベルをゼロもしくはゼロ付近に維持するため、反応器システム内に導入される前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤の量を調整する工程とを含む方法。 - 前記触媒系は、メタロセン触媒もしくは慣用の遷移金属触媒を含む請求項1の方法。
- 当該方法は、気相プロセスからなる請求項2の方法。
- 前記ポリマーは、連続的に生産される請求項3の方法。
- モノマーが、エチレン、又は、エチレン及び一つもしくは複数のアルファ−オレフィンからなる請求項4の方法。
- 前記触媒系はメタロセン触媒系からなり、前記同伴域の静電気活動のレベルを監視するための手段は、少なくとも一つのリサイクルライン静電プローブ、少なくとも一つの環状ディスクプローブ、少なくとも一つの分配板静電プローブ、又は少なくとも一つの上方反応器静電プローブのうちの一つもしくは複数を備える請求項5の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は、アルコキシル化アミン、カルボン酸塩、ポリスルホン、高分子ポリアミン、スルホン酸、もしくはこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される一つもしくは複数の化合物を含む請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は、エトキシル化ステアリルアミンを含む請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は、ステアリン酸アルミニウムを含む請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は、オレイン酸アルミニウムを含む請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は混合物を含み、該混合物は、該混合物の5〜15重量%の濃度で存在する1デセン−ポリスルホンと、該混合物の5〜15重量%の濃度で存在する、N−牛脂−1,3−ジアミノプロパンとエピクロロヒドリンの反応生成物と、該混合物の5〜15重量%の濃度で存在するドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸と、該混合物の60〜88重量%の濃度で存在する炭化水素溶剤とからなる請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は間欠的に導入される請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤は、炭化水素液中のスラリーとして又は炭化水素液中の溶剤として導入される請求項6の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの連続添加剤はまた、前記触媒供給物を介して反応器システム内に導入される触媒混合物中に存在する請求項6の方法。
- 前記流動床反応器内の前記少なくと一つの連続添加剤の量は、該流動床反応器内で生産されているポリマーの1〜50ppmwの濃度に維持される請求項6の方法。
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Cited By (5)
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JP2011508061A (ja) * | 2007-12-31 | 2011-03-10 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | オレフィン系ポリマーの重合方法 |
JP2012514685A (ja) * | 2009-01-08 | 2012-06-28 | ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | ポリオレフィン重合プロセス用の添加剤 |
KR20120036319A (ko) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-04-17 | 유니베이션 테크놀로지즈, 엘엘씨 | 지지된 기하학적 구속 촉매를 사용한 중합 방법 |
KR101678247B1 (ko) | 2009-07-28 | 2016-11-21 | 유니베이션 테크놀로지즈, 엘엘씨 | 지지된 기하학적 구속 촉매를 사용한 중합 방법 |
JP2014501814A (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2014-01-23 | ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | 抽出された金属カルボキシレート塩を用いたオレフィンの重合方法 |
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EP1699830A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
RU2006127647A (ru) | 2008-02-10 |
MY143204A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
KR101139201B1 (ko) | 2012-07-05 |
EP1699830B1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
DE602004027834D1 (de) | 2010-08-05 |
TW200530275A (en) | 2005-09-16 |
ES2347965T3 (es) | 2010-11-26 |
AU2004313933B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
WO2005068507A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CA2547342A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
BRPI0417918A (pt) | 2007-04-17 |
BRPI0417918B1 (pt) | 2014-03-11 |
KR20060117980A (ko) | 2006-11-17 |
EP1699830A4 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
RU2348650C2 (ru) | 2009-03-10 |
ATE471951T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
AR047575A1 (es) | 2006-01-25 |
JP5295501B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
US20050148742A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
AU2004313933A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
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