JP2007331973A - 窒化物半導体自立基板及び窒化物半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体自立基板及び窒化物半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 43
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- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】窒化物系化合物半導体結晶の格子定数のばらつきを±12ppm以下として窒化物半導体自立基板を形成する。窒化物系化合物半導体は、AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x+y≦1)で表される。これを用いて窒化物半導体発光素子を形成する。
【選択図】なし
Description
以下、図1を参照して、格子定数が異なる領域が形成される原因について説明する。
GaNの成長は、ほとんどの場合、図1に示すように、成長初期に多数の3次元核が発生し、それらが互いに結合して連続膜を形成する、いわゆるVolmer−Waber型の成長様式をとる。
そこで本発明者は、結晶成長のごく初期段階ではファセットを出しながら成長するが、膜厚を350μm、好ましくは250μm、最も好ましくは100μm成長するまでに平坦にしてしまい(即ち、図1(a)〜(d)までの工程を完了してしまい)、その上の領域は常に成長界面がc面のみであるように成長する方法でGaN厚膜を形成することにより、基板面内において実際に使用される領域(Ga極性面において最外周から半径方向に2mm内側までの領域を除いた面)における格子定数のばらつきを小さくできることを見出した。
本発明者が詳細に実験を行った結果、少なくとも基板面内において実際に使用される領域(Ga極性面において最外周から半径方向に2mm内側までの領域を除いた面)における格子定数(特にa軸長)のばらつきが、±12ppm以下の窒化物半導体基板を用いることにより上述した問題が解決できることが明らかとなった。なお、ここでいうばらつきとは、格子定数測定結果の標準偏差を平均値で除したものである。
GaN自立基板の格子定数は、X線回折測定によりGaN(0006)の面間隔d0006とGaN(20−24)の面間隔d20−24を求め、次の(1)(2)式を用いて算出することができる。(1)式は、c軸長を算出する式であり、(2)式は、a軸長を算出する式である。
以下にX線回折測定における好ましい測定条件を述べる。X線回折測定にはスペクトリス株式会社製のX’Pert−MRDを用いることができる。X線管球の陽極材はCuとし、加速電圧を45kV、フィラメントに流す電流を40mAとすることが好ましい。管球の先の光学系は、1/2°のダイバージェンススリット、X線ミラー、Ge(220)2結晶モノクロメータ、横幅0.2mm、縦幅0.2mmのクロススリットコリメータの順の構成とすることができる。また、直径2インチのGaN自立基板11面内の格子定数分布を調査するため、格子定数を基板の直径方向に1mm間隔で測定することが好ましい。ここで最外周から2mm内側の領域は評価対象外とすることが望ましい。
まず、直径2インチの単結晶c面サファイア基板21を用意し(図2(a))、この上に、MOVPE法により、トリメチルガリウム(TMG)とNH3を原料として、アンドープGaN層22を300nmの厚さに成長させた(図2(b))。次にこのGaNエピタキシャル基板上に、金属Ti膜23を20nmの厚さに蒸着し(図2(c))、これを電気炉に入れて、20%のNH3と80%のH2の混合ガスの気流中にて、1050℃で20分の熱処理を施した。その結果、アンドープGaN層22の一部がエッチングされて高密度の空隙を有するGaN層25に変化するとともに、金属Ti膜23が窒化されて、表面にサブミクロンの微細な穴が高密度に形成された網目構造TiN層24に変化した。その結果、図2(d)に示す構造の基板(以後ボイド形成基板と呼ぶ)が得られた。
次に、図3に示す工程により、格子定数のばらつきの大きいGaN基板を作成した。
まず、図3(a)〜(d)までの製造方法により、図2と同様にしてボイド形成基板を得た。
GaN結晶成長の終了後HVPE装置を冷却する過程で、GaN厚膜37はボイド層を境にボイド形成基板から自然に剥離し、GaN自立基板38が得られた(図3(i))。このGaN自立基板38の表裏両面を鏡面研磨加工することにより表面を20μm及び裏面を50μm除去し、平坦性を向上させた。鏡面研磨により、GaN自立基板38の最終厚さは330μmとなった(図3(j))。こうして得られたGaN自立基板38に対し、実施例1と同様に格子定数の測定を行ったところ、a軸長のばらつきが±17.1ppmであった。
このようにして得られた実施例1〜3及び比較例のGaN自立基板上にそれぞれ図4に示す青色発光ダイオード(LED)構造を作製した。
これらのLEDチップの発光波長、発光出力を調査した。通電条件は20mAとした。さらに通電条件を50mAとして、出力が初期出力の半分になるまでの時間を寿命として評価した(寿命の加速試験)。評価結果を表1に示す。
2 成長用基材
3 c面成長領域
4 ファセット成長領域(4a:前期、4b:中期、4c:後期)
11 GaN結晶核
13 c面成長領域
14 ファセット成長領域
21,31 サファイア基板
22,32 アンドープGaN層
23,33 金属Ti膜
24,34 網目構造TiN層
25,35 空隙を有するGaN層
26 ファセットに囲まれたピット
27,37 GaN厚膜
28,38,41 GaN自立基板
42 Siドープn型GaN層
43 InGaN/GaN多重量子井戸層
44 Mgドープp型Al0.15Ga0.85N層
45 Mgドープp型GaNコンタクト層
46 透明電極(p型電極)
47 n型裏面電極
Claims (5)
- 格子定数のばらつきが±12ppm以下である自立した窒化物系化合物半導体結晶からなることを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板。
- 前記窒化物系化合物半導体は、AlxInyGa1−x−yN(0≦x+y≦1)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒化物半導体自立基板。
- 前記格子定数のばらつきは、a軸長の測定結果のばらつきであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒化物半導体自立基板。
- 前記格子定数のばらつきは、基板の最外周から半径方向に2mm内側までの領域を除いた面内での測定結果のばらつきであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒化物半導体自立基板。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の窒化物半導体自立基板上に、少なくとも窒化物系化合物半導体からなる発光層を形成したことを特徴とする窒化物半導体発光素子。
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JP2006164573A JP4816277B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2006-06-14 | 窒化物半導体自立基板及び窒化物半導体発光素子 |
US11/541,790 US7649194B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2006-10-03 | Nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate |
CNB2007100963199A CN100447951C (zh) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-04-10 | 氮化物半导体自支撑衬底和氮化物半导体发光元件 |
DE102007021944A DE102007021944B4 (de) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-05-10 | Freistehendes Nitrid-Halbleitersubstrat und lichtemittierende Vorrichtung |
TW096117321A TWI358468B (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-05-16 | Nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012231103A (ja) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-11-22 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法およびiii族窒化物結晶 |
JP2013256441A (ja) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-26 | Soraa Inc | 半極性窒化ガリウムブールの大規模アモノサーマル製造のためのプロセス |
WO2015020161A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 自立GaN基板、GaN結晶、GaN単結晶の製造方法および半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
JP2015531739A (ja) * | 2012-08-23 | 2015-11-05 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | 高透明性窒化アルミニウム単結晶層、及びこれからなる素子 |
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US7649194B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
CN100447951C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
JP4816277B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
TW200815630A (en) | 2008-04-01 |
DE102007021944B4 (de) | 2012-04-12 |
CN101090096A (zh) | 2007-12-19 |
DE102007021944A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
US20070290228A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
TWI358468B (en) | 2012-02-21 |
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