JP2007267731A - Greening system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening system suppressing outflow of rainwater from an artificial building while reducing heat island phenomenon, facilitating water supply management and maintenance, and further effectively using rainwater. <P>SOLUTION: This greening system is such that rainwater fell on a greening tank 2 infiltrates soil of the greening tank 2 and is stored in a bottom water storage tank 4, water flowing out to the surface of soil 6 when the bottom water storage tank 4 becomes full is stored from an overflow part 7 to a first lower water tank 11, and when a prescribed amount of water is stored in the first lower water tank 11, water flows from an overflow part 13 to a second lower water tank 12 and is stored. Water in the first lower water tank 11 is stored in an upper water storage tank 17 with a storage pump 19, and used for watering of a watering device 21. Water in the second lower water tank 12 is used for other service water such as flush toilet service water, and supplied to the first lower water tank 11 when the water level becomes higher than water in the first lower water tank 11 to open a check valve 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technical field of a greening system for greening a flat portion such as a concrete or asphalt pavement surface of an artificial structure such as a rooftop, a veranda, a terrace, an artificial ground such as a paving ground or a paved road, The present invention relates to a technical field of a greening system that can effectively use rainwater while suppressing flooding caused by rain falling on a flat part to be greened.

In recent years, the heat island phenomenon that the temperature rises has become a problem on the earth. As a cause of this heat island phenomenon, temperature rise due to sunlight reflection and radiant heat irradiating artificial structures such as rooftops, verandas, terraces, artificial ground such as paved ground and paved roads, excessive use of building cooling Temperature rise due to CO ₂ , or temperature rise due to CO ₂ generated in large quantities due to excessive use of fossil fuel.

Accordingly, various proposals have been made to reduce the heat island phenomenon by greening the above-described artificial building to suppress the temperature rise (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
In Patent Document 1, rainwater is stored in a rainwater tank, and the rainwater is supplied into the artificial ground for greening by natural fall to grow the plant for greening, so that the rooftop can be greened without depending on the groundwater source or the like. Is disclosed.

Patent Document 2 discloses that rainwater is stored in a water tank formed by a pipe, the rainwater is pumped up by a pump, and water is sprayed from a watering nozzle to a rooftop garden for plant cultivation.
Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses that a plant cultivation apparatus for greening a roof can be transported by supplying water from a water storage tank.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 4, although it is not a direct tree planting system, all rain water that falls on the roof of a building is stored in a water storage tank installed on the ground through a drain pipe, and this rain water is pumped to reduce the heat island phenomenon. By pumping up the water and spraying it on the rooftop through the water supply pipe, all the rainwater that falls on the rooftop of the building is effectively used without draining it to the sewage at once, and the heat island phenomenon is suppressed. Rainwater is once supplied to the biotope installed on the roof, and impurities such as proteins, nitrogen compounds, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium contained in the water are absorbed by the aquatic plants and moss in the biotope to prevent the rainwater from decaying. It is disclosed.
JP2003-23883A. JP 2003-213735 A JP2003-23868. JP2003-105883A.

  However, since the thing disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document 1 is for storing rainwater that has fallen in a rainwater tank installed on the rooftop, the outflow of rainwater that has fallen on the rooftop to the outside is temporarily restricted. However, since only rainwater that has fallen in the rainwater tank of a cross-sectional area that is considerably smaller than the area of the artificial ground for greening provided on the rooftop can be stored, rainwater that has fallen on the rooftop cannot be efficiently stored, and the building can be stored outside. Rainwater runoff limiting effect is small. For this reason, the flood which is a natural disaster around the exterior of a building cannot be prevented. In particular, the trend of rainfall in recent years is the trend of heavy rain such as so-called tropical squall, where a very large amount of rain falls in a short time, but for such heavy rain, There is a problem that floods in Japan cannot be effectively and sufficiently prevented.

  In addition, since rainwater stored in the rainwater tank is merely supplied to the artificial ground for greening, the rainwater in the rainwater tank is only used for growing plants only during water supply and is not used effectively. In addition, there is a problem that the water supply frequency such as opening and closing of the valve is complicated because the frequency of water supply increases. Moreover, in order to store rainwater in the rainwater tank, it is necessary to keep the rainwater tank open at all times. However, if the rainwater tank is opened for a long period of time, the rainwater stored in the rainwater tank will decay and this rainwater will decay. As a result, not only impurities such as algae are generated, but these impurities clog valves and piping. For this reason, there is a problem that maintenance of valves and piping becomes complicated.

  Furthermore, since the thing disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document 2 stores rainwater in a water storage tank through an elongated rainwater trough, it temporarily restricts the outflow of rainwater falling on the rooftop or roof from the building. However, since the cross-sectional area of the rainwater basin is quite small, it is not possible to efficiently store rainwater that falls on the rooftop or roof like the one disclosed in Patent Document 1, and the rainwater outflow restriction effect from the building to the outside is small. For this reason, like the one disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that flooding around the outside of the building cannot be effectively and sufficiently prevented.

  In addition, since the rainwater stored in the water tank is merely supplied to the planting tank, the rainwater in the water tank is used only for the growth of plants only during the water supply, and is used effectively. In addition to this, there is a problem that the frequency of water supply increases and the water supply management such as valve opening and closing is complicated.

  Furthermore, since the thing disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document 3 is for storing rainwater in a water storage tank, it temporarily restricts the outflow of rainwater falling on the roof from the building to the outside. Since the area is quite small, it is not possible to efficiently store rainwater that has fallen on the rooftop, similar to those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and the rainwater outflow restriction effect from the building to the outside is small. For this reason, there is a problem that the flood around the outside of the building cannot be effectively and sufficiently prevented, similar to those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

  In addition, since the rainwater stored in the water tank is merely supplied to the planting tank, the rainwater in the water tank is used only for the growth of plants only during the water supply, and is used effectively. In addition to this, there is a problem that the frequency of water supply increases and the water supply management such as valve opening and closing is complicated.

  Furthermore, although what is disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 4 is not a rooftop greening system, rainwater that has fallen on the rooftop is stored in a storage tank through an elongated drainage pipe. Although the outflow to the outside is temporarily limited, the cross-sectional area of the water storage tank is quite small, so that rainwater falling on the roof cannot be efficiently stored as in the case disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, and the building The effect of restricting the outflow of rainwater to the outside is small. For this reason, there is a problem that the flood around the outside of the building cannot be effectively and sufficiently prevented, similar to those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3.

  In addition, there is no plant greening tank on the rooftop, and the rainwater stored in the water storage tank is purified with a biotope installed on the rooftop and simply sprinkled on the entire rooftop. It is not used effectively.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its purpose is to effectively suppress the outflow of rainwater from the artificial building while reducing the heat island phenomenon by greening the artificial building, It is another object of the present invention to provide a greening system that can simplify water supply management and maintenance, and can use rainwater more effectively.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the greening system of the invention according to claim 1 is a greening system for greening a flat part of an artificial building, and is installed at a position above the flat part of the artificial building so that a plant grows. A lower water tank that is installed in a flat part of the artificial building below the greening tank, stores rainwater flowing out of the greening tank, and an upper water tank that is installed above the greening tank. A pumping means for pumping water stored in the lower water tank and supplying the water to the upper water tank; and a watering device for spraying water stored in the upper water tank to the plant. The water tank is composed of a first lower water tank and a second lower water tank, and is configured to pump water stored in the first lower water tank by the pumping means and supply the water to the upper water tank. In the first lower tank Is stored in the second lower water tank, and the second lower water tank is connected to water facilities other than the greening tank. It is a feature.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, when the water level in the first lower water tank is lower than the water level in the second lower water tank, the water in the second lower water tank is replenished into the first lower water tank. It is characterized by having a water replenishment means.
Furthermore, the greening system of the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the water replenishing means comprises a check valve that allows only the flow of water toward the second lower water tank or the first lower water tank. Yes.

  Further, the greening system according to the invention of claim 4 comprises a plurality of lower water tank parts in which the second lower water tanks are communicated in order, and one of the plurality of lower water tank parts has a predetermined amount in the first lower water tank. When the above water is stored, more than the predetermined amount of water flows in and is stored, and the water facility is connected to the other one of the plurality of lower water tank sections. It is a feature.

  Furthermore, the greening system of the invention of claim 5 is provided with a bottom water storage tank in which rain water that has permeated the greening tank is stored under the greening tank, and the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank are in a common tank. It is characterized by being provided integrally.

  Furthermore, the greening system of the invention of claim 6 includes a separator for isolating the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank, and soil in which plants are grown is stored in the greening tank, The separator has water permeability that allows water that has permeated through the greening tank to permeate the bottom water storage tank and allows water evaporated from the water stored in the bottom water storage tank to permeate the soil of the greening tank, At least one of the rain water falling on the greening tank and the water spray from the watering device is stored in the bottom water storage tank through the greening tank and the separator, and the evaporated water of the water in the bottom water storage tank is stored in the separator. It is characterized by being able to permeate through the soil of the greening tank.

Further, in the greening system of the invention of claim 7, the separator has a predetermined number of small holes, and the root of the plant can enter the bottom water tank through the small holes. It is a feature.
Furthermore, the greening system of the invention of claim 8 is characterized in that a predetermined number of portable soil blocks arranged in parallel with each other are used in the soil of the greening tank.

Further, the greening system of the invention of claim 9 is a greening system for greening a flat part of an artificial building, wherein the greening system is installed above the flat part of the artificial building and houses the soil on which plants are grown. A tank, a bottom water storage tank for storing rainwater penetrating the greening tank, a separator for separating the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank, and rainwater flowing out of the greening tank A predetermined number of portable soil blocks formed in a predetermined shape and arranged in parallel with each other, and the separator is formed by the greening tank. Water permeated through the tank is made to permeate into the bottom water storage tank, and the water permeation allows water evaporated in the bottom water storage tank to permeate into the soil of the greening tank.
Furthermore, the tree planting system of the invention of claim 10 is characterized in that plant seeds are previously contained in the soil of the soil block before the soil block is installed in the planting tank.

  According to the greening system according to the present invention, since the greening system is constructed on the flat part of the artificial building such as the roof of the building, the veranda, the terrace, the artificial ground such as the paving ground and the paved road, the surface of the greening tank As the moisture evaporates, the heat island phenomenon can be mitigated from the effect of the heat of evaporation. Thereby, since the temperature rise of a building is suppressed in summer, use of the cooling of a building can be reduced, for example. Therefore, the reduction in the use of cooling can further alleviate the mitigation of the heat island phenomenon.

  In addition, since the water flowing out from the greening tank is stored in the lower tank, rainwater that falls on the greening tank on the flat part of the artificial building overflows directly from the artificial building to the surrounding area. The outflow can be prevented, and the outflow of rainwater from the artificial building can be more effectively suppressed and delayed. In particular, in urban areas where there are buildings with many buildings, the installation of a greening system on the roof of each building can effectively control and delay the outflow of rainwater from the buildings. Inundation into the object can be prevented. Moreover, by appropriately setting the depth (capacity) of the lower water storage tank for heavy rainfalls such as the aforementioned squall, a large amount of rainwater can be reliably stored in the lower water storage tank. Rainwater runoff can be more effectively suppressed and delayed.

Moreover, since the lower water tank is divided into the first and second lower water tanks, water for watering the greening tank is stored in the first lower water tank and is not necessary for watering the greening tank. Water can be stored in the second lower water tank and the water in the second lower water tank can be used as water for various irrigation facilities in the building such as water for flush toilets.
As a result, the above-mentioned heat island phenomenon is mitigated, and the outflow of rainwater from the artificial building is effectively suppressed to prevent natural disasters in advance or to reduce damage caused by natural disasters, while reducing the damage in the lower water tank. The stored water can be efficiently used for various types of water without waste.

  Furthermore, since the lower water tank is divided into first and second lower water tanks and water supply means for supplying water in the second lower water tank to the first lower water tank is provided, the first lower When it is difficult to store the amount of water required for watering in the tank, when the water level in the first lower tank is lower than the water level in the second lower tank, the water in the second lower tank is lowered by the water supply means. Since the water tank is replenished, the water necessary for watering can be more stably and reliably secured.

  Furthermore, the second lower water tank is composed of a plurality of lower water tank parts communicated in order, and when one or more of the plurality of lower water tank parts stores a predetermined amount of water in the first lower water tank, Since not less than a predetermined amount of water is stored and the water facility is connected to the other one of the plurality of lower aquarium parts, the second lower aquarium can be flexibly adapted to the shape of the planting system for the artificial building. It is possible to increase the degree of freedom of installation of the second lower water tank.

  Furthermore, since the bottom water storage tank is provided under the greening tank, the rain water that has fallen on the artificial building can be temporarily stored in the bottom water storage tank when it rains. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the rainwater that has fallen on the artificial building from flowing out directly from the building to the periphery thereof, and thus it is possible to suppress and delay the outflow of rainwater from the artificial building. In particular, in urban areas where there are buildings where many buildings stand, installation of the greening system of the present invention on the roof of each building can effectively suppress the outflow of rainwater from the buildings. Inundation into the building can be prevented. Moreover, by setting the depth (capacity) of the bottom water tank appropriately for heavy rains such as squall, a large amount of rain water can be reliably stored in the bottom water tank, and rainwater from the building can be stored. Outflow can be suppressed more effectively.

In addition, since a separator having a predetermined number of small holes is interposed between the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank, the root of the straight thing must enter the water stored in the bottom water storage tank through these small holes. Thus, the water in the bottom reservoir can be used effectively for plant growth. Thereby, the operating frequency of a watering apparatus can be decreased and the operation management of a watering apparatus can be simplified. In that case, since water is sprayed on the plant in a drip form, scouring of the surface of the greening tank can be prevented during water supply, and water can be uniformly supplied to the entire area of the greening tank.
In particular, by automatically controlling the operation of the watering device with the control device, it is possible to simplify the maintenance of the water supply management and the greening system.

  In this way, while mitigating the heat island phenomenon due to the greening of man-made buildings, it effectively suppresses and delays the outflow of rainwater from man-made buildings to prevent natural disasters and to prevent damage from natural disasters. The plant in the greening tank can be effectively cultivated with a small amount.

  Furthermore, only two reservoirs, the lower reservoir and the upper reservoir, or the three reservoirs, the bottom reservoir, the lower reservoir and the upper reservoir, can be used for rooftop greening and rainwater outflow control from the building. Therefore, a greening system can be constructed with a simple configuration and at a low cost. In particular, by configuring the greening system in units of blocks, the greening system can be installed in a short time simply by simply arranging a predetermined number of blocks. Moreover, if this block is made portable, it can be installed flexibly corresponding to any installation location and any shape on the roof.

  In addition, by using a portable soil block for the soil of the greening tank, both the soil transportation work and the soil storage work in the greening tank can be simplified and the work time can be shortened. In addition, plant seeds are previously included (sown) in the soil of the soil block before the soil block is installed, thereby eliminating the need for planting the seeds of the plant after the soil block is installed. And since the soil transportation work and the soil storage work in the greening tank become simple, the installation of the greening tank becomes extremely simple. In addition, since the planting work of the plant is not required after the installation of the soil block, the installation work of the greening system can be extremely simplified and the installation time can be effectively shortened.

  Furthermore, since the upper water tank is provided immediately above the lower water tank, the height difference between the lower water tank and the upper water tank can be reduced. Thereby, since the positional energy difference of the water in a lower water tank and the water in an upper water tank can be made small, the pumping energy by a pumping means can be made small. Therefore, the pumping means can be made small, and a small pump can be used as the pump for the pumping means. In addition, since the greening system of the present invention uses rain water and does not use tap water, the operation cost and the management cost of the watering device can be reduced along with the use of a small pump.

  Furthermore, the heat island phenomenon can be reduced more effectively by using several greening tanks of the above-mentioned land type, underwater plant type, and biotope type as appropriate in each greening tank of a plurality of blocks. The landscape can be improved and the function of the oasis can be demonstrated.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a first example of an embodiment of a greening system according to the present invention, where (a) is an overall schematic diagram and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a).
As shown to Fig.1 (a), the greening system 1 of this 1st example is comprised as a rooftop greening system provided on the rooftop of the building which is a flat part of an artificial building, and is equipped with the greening tank 2. In addition, a bottom water storage tank 4 is provided directly below the greening tank 2 via a separator plate 3. The greening tank 2 and the bottom water storage tank 4 are integrally formed as one common tank. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 1 (a), the bottom water storage tank 4, the separator plate 3, and the greening tank 2 are shown in a cross section by a vertical plane along the left-right direction in the figure.

  Both the greening tank 2 and the bottom water storage tank 4 are formed in a rectangular shape in plan view having the same predetermined size. And the bottom part water tank 4 is arrange | positioned so that all the lower surfaces of the greening tank 2 may be covered. This bottom water storage tank 4 stores rain permeated water that has fallen into the greening tank 2 to reduce outflow of rainwater that has fallen on the building, and to replenish water evaporation from the greening tank 2. Functions as a makeup water source for hydration.

The depth h ₀ of the bottom water tank 4 is set in consideration of the above-mentioned target for reducing the outflow of rainwater and water supply to the greening tank, and the amount of rainfall, for example, about 50 mm / hr when the bottom water tank 4 is empty. It is set to a depth that can store rainwater up to heavy rain.
Moreover, the separator 3 is formed in a rectangular shape having a size that can be fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the common tank with almost no gap. The separator 3 separates the greening tank 2 and the bottom water storage tank 4 from each other, This is to allow water dripped into the greening tank 2 to uniformly penetrate into the soil 6. As shown in FIG. 2A, the separator 3 is provided with a large number of small holes 3a aligned two-dimensionally in the vertical and horizontal directions.

  The greening tank 2 is a tank for planting a large number of plants 5, and soil 6 is stored in the greening tank 2. In that case, in order to prevent the soil of the soil 6 from falling into the bottom water tank 4 through the small holes 3a of the separator 3, first, pebbles having a diameter larger than the diameter of the small holes 3a are spread on the separator 3. Next, pebbles, gravel or sand having a diameter smaller than those pebbles are spread on the pebbles, and finally soil is spread on them. Moreover, it can replace with a pebble, gravel, or sand, and can also use the bottom face board 30 used for the soil block 29 shown to FIG. 7 (a), (b) and FIG. 8 mentioned later.

  Plants 5 such as flowers and miscellaneous trees are planted in the soil 6, and the greening tank 2 of the first example is formed in a land plant growth type. The greening tank 2 can be formed as an underwater plant growth type such as rice or straw instead of the above-mentioned land plant growth type, or can be formed into a biotope type having a small water channel. Moreover, at least any two of the land plant growth type, the underwater plant growth type, and the biotope type can be combined.

  Then, the rain that has fallen on the rooftop greening tank 2 penetrates the soil 6 in the greening tank 2 and passes through the many small holes 3a of the separator 3 to enter the bottom water storage tank 4 to be stored. It has become. Note that the large number of small holes 3a in the separator plate 3 are not necessarily arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, and may be provided in a two-dimensional random arrangement as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), when each plant 5 grows, its roots 5a can extend through the corresponding small holes 3a to the water in the bottom reservoir 4 and suck up the water. ing. Thus, each plant 5 grows by directly sucking up water in the bottom water tank 4. In that case, when the bottom plate 30 shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8 is used, the size is such that the root 5a of the plant 5 can pass through the bottom plate 30 and the soil soil does not fall. A small hole is provided.
It should be noted that a mesh-like separator can be used instead of the separator 3 having a large number of small holes 3a. Therefore, the separator having a large number of small holes of the present invention includes a mesh-like separator.

A greening tank overflow part 7 is provided on a side wall 2a of the common tank of the bottom water storage tank 4 and the greening tank 2 where the greening tank 2 is formed. This greening tank overflow section 7 is provided at a position of height h ₁ from the bottom of the bottom water storage tank 4. In this example, this height h ₁ is from the surface (upper surface) of the soil 6 in the greening tank 2. It is set slightly higher (several centimeters). An outflow pipe 8 is connected to the greening tank overflow section 7. One set of the greening tank overflow section 7 and the outflow pipe 8 may be provided, respectively, or a predetermined number of sets may be provided at a predetermined interval in a direction orthogonal to the drawing of FIG. And although not shown in figure, the common tank of the bottom part water storage tank 4 and the greening tank 2 which were comprised in this way is provided in parallel.

  Further, the greening system 1 of the first example includes a lower water storage tank 9 having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the lower water storage tank 9 is provided below the common tank of the bottom water storage tank 4 and the greening tank 2. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 1A, the lower water tank 9 is shown in a cross section by a vertical plane along the left-right direction in FIG. The interior of the lower water tank 9 is divided into a first lower water tank 11 and a second lower water tank 12 by a partition wall 10.

  As will be described later, the first lower water tank 11 is a storage tank that stores water flowing out from the common layer of the greening tank 2 and the bottom water tank 4, and an upper water tank 17 that stores water of the first lower water tank 11 to be described later. It is considered as a supply water source for replenishing water. The amount of water stored in the first lower aquarium 11 varies depending on the installation location and usage mode, but normally, the amount of water for one month to 1.5 months of the amount of water sprayed by the drip-type watering device 21 described later is stored. The second lower water tank 12 is a storage tank that stores water that could not be stored in the first lower water tank 11, and the water stored in the second lower water tank 12 is, for example, water for a flush toilet, as will be described later. It is used as various irrigation water.

The height h ₂ from the bottom of the lower water tank 9 to the upper edge of the partition wall 10 is set lower than the height of the side wall 9a of the lower water tank 9, and the upper edge of the partition wall 10 is connected to the lower water tank overflow section 13 and Has been. Therefore, when the water level stored in the first lower water tank 11 becomes higher than the height of the lower water tank overflow part 13, the water in the first lower water tank 11 passes through the lower water tank overflow part 13 and the second lower water tank. It flows out in 12 and can be stored.

  Further, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 1B, an opening 10 a through which the first lower water tank 11 and the second lower water tank 12 communicate with each other is provided at the lower end portion of the partition wall 10. This opening 10a allows a flow of water from the second lower water tank 12 to the first lower water tank 11, but a check that prevents the reverse flow of water from the first lower water tank 11 to the second lower water tank 12. A valve 14 (corresponding to the water supply means of the present invention) is provided. One set of each of these openings 10a and check valves 14 may be provided, or a predetermined number of sets may be provided at predetermined intervals in a direction orthogonal to the drawing of FIG.

  Accordingly, when the water level in the first lower water tank 11 is higher than the water level in the second lower water tank 12, as shown in FIG. 1A, the water in the first lower water tank 11 passes through the opening 10a and the second lower water tank 12 Even if it tries to flow out, the check valve 14 closes to prevent this water from flowing out, so that water does not flow out from the first lower water tank 11 into the second lower water tank 12. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, when the water level in the second lower water tank 12 is higher than the water level in the first lower water tank 11, the water in the second lower water tank 12 is non-returned as indicated by an arrow. The valve 14 is opened and flows into the first lower water tank 11 through the opening 10a. Accordingly, when there is little rain and it is difficult to store the amount of water necessary for watering in the first lower water tank 11, water in the second lower water tank 12 is replenished into the first lower water tank 11. Water can be ensured more stably and reliably.

On the side wall 9 a on the second lower water tank 12 side, a second lower water tank overflow section 15 is provided at a height h ₃ from the bottom of the lower water tank 9. In this case, the height h ₃ of the second lower water tank overflow part 15 is set higher than the height h ₂ of the lower water tank overflow part 13 (h ₃ > h ₂ ). Therefore, for example, when the water level stored in the second lower water tank 12 becomes higher than the height of the second lower water tank overflow section 15 due to a large amount of rainfall, the water in the second lower water tank 12 is second lower It flows out to the outside through the tank overflow part 15, and the outflow amount becomes the outflow amount to the river of the rain that has fallen on the building during heavy rain. In that case, the size of the cross-sectional area of the second lower aquarium overflow section 15 is such that when the water in the second lower aquarium 12 flows out through the second lower aquarium overflow section 15, The size is set such that an air passage is formed in the flow portion 15.

Further, a second lower water tank water outlet 16 is similarly provided on the side wall 9 a on the second lower water tank 12 side at a height h ₄ from the bottom of the lower water tank 9. In this case, the height h ₄ of the second lower tank water outlet 16 is set lower than the height h ₂ of the lower water tank overflow section 13 (h ₄ <h ₂ ). The water outlet 16 for the second lower tank is connected to various water facilities such as a flush toilet.

Therefore, when the water level stored in the second lower water tank 12 is higher than the height h ₄ of the second lower water tank water outlet 16, the water in the second lower water tank 12 becomes the second lower water tank outlet 16. It is taken out from the outside and used for various irrigation water such as irrigation toilet water other than watering the greening tank 2. The water outlet 16 for the second lower water tank can be normally closed by an on-off valve, for example, and the water in the second lower water tank 12 can be taken out by opening the on-off valve when necessary.

When the water level stored in the second lower water tank 12 is lower than the height h ₄ of the second lower water tank water outlet 16, the water in the second lower water tank 12 becomes the second lower water tank water outlet 16. It does not flow out to the outside and remains stored in the second lower water tank 12. Thus, among the water stocked in the second lower water tank 12, the water level height high partial water than h ₄ of the second lower water tank water outlet 16 is utilized in water as described above, the water level is the The water lower than the height h ₄ of the water outlet 16 for the lower aquarium 2 is provided as water for use, for example, during drought.

  A pair of common tanks for the bottom water tank 4 and the greening tank 2 are provided for one lower water tank 9. Each outflow pipe 8 connected to each greening tank overflow section 7 of the pair of common tanks is provided so as to enter the first lower water tank 11 of the lower water tank 9. Therefore, the water flowing out from the greening tank 2 through the greening tank overflow section 7 flows into the first lower water tank 11 through the outflow pipe 8 and is stored therein. In that case, by providing a foreign matter outflow prevention member made of, for example, a mesh or a lattice member in the greening tank overflow section 7, foreign matters such as dead leaves and dust in the greening tank 2 pass through the outflow pipe 8 in the first lower water tank 11. It is also possible to prevent it from flowing into the water. Thereby, the accumulation of foreign matters in the first lower water tank 11 is suppressed. In addition, the common tank of the bottom part water tank 4 and the greening tank 2 with respect to one lower water tank 9 is not limited to a pair, and a common tank makes 1 or more arbitrary numbers respond | correspond to one lower water tank 9. be able to. Further, the upper opening of the lower water tank 9 is closed.

  Further, the greening system 1 of this example is provided with an upper water storage tank 17 having a rectangular shape in plan view. The upper water storage tank 17 is located above the lower water storage tank 9 and above the common tank of the bottom water storage tank 4 and the greening tank 2. Is provided. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 1A, the upper water tank 17 is shown in a cross section by a vertical plane along the left-right direction in FIG.

  The upper water tank 17 stores at least a predetermined amount of water 18 in the first lower water tank 11. The upper water storage tank 17 stores water for supplying water to a drip-type watering device 21 to be described later, and the amount of water storage varies depending on the installation location and use mode, but is usually about one week. Store the amount of water. The amount of water stored is not limited to this.

  In order to feed the water 18 in the first lower water tank 11 into the upper water tank 17, a pumping pump 19 is installed in the first lower water tank 11, and a pumping hose 20 is connected to the pumping pump 19. Has been. The pumping hose 20 is provided so that the tip thereof faces into the upper water storage tank 17. The pumping means of the present invention is constituted by the pumping pump 19 and the pumping hose 20.

  The upper opening of the lower water tank 9 is closed so that water can be fed into the upper water tank 17 through the pumping hose 20, and can be opened and closed by, for example, a lid. Therefore, since the water in the lower water tank 9 is not directly exposed to the outside air and is not directly exposed to sunlight, the evaporation of water is suppressed, the decay of water is suppressed, and the generation of impurities such as algae is reduced. The entry of foreign matter such as dust into the lower water tank 9 is prevented.

  When a predetermined amount of water 18 is stored in the first lower water tank 11 and a predetermined amount of water is not stored in the upper water tank 17, the pumping pump 19 is driven for a predetermined time and the first A predetermined amount of water 18 in the lower water tank 11 is fed into the upper water tank 17. Although not shown, a water level detection sensor is installed in the upper water tank 17, and a control device (computer) (not shown) generates a pump 18 based on a water level detection signal in the upper water tank 17 from the water level detection sensor. It is also possible to automatically control driving start (pumping start) and driving stop (pumping stop). In that case, a water level detection sensor is also installed in the first lower water tank 11, and the control device drives the water pump 19 based on a water level detection signal in the first lower water tank 11 from the water level detection sensor. By automatically controlling start (pumping start) and driving stop (pumping stop), pumping start and pumping stop can be performed more accurately and more efficiently. Further, a water level sensing type pump can be used as the pumping pump 19. When this water level detection type pump is used, the water level detection sensor in the first lower water tank 11 is omitted.

  In the greening system 1 of the first example, as the electric power for driving the pumping pump 19, electric power generated by a solar panel that is a solar cell is used. However, other power such as normal power can be used.

  Similarly to the case of the lower water tank 9, the upper opening of the upper water tank 17 is also closed so that water can be fed into the upper water tank 17 through the pumping hose 20, for example, with a lid or the like. Therefore, since the water in the upper water tank 17 is not directly exposed to the outside air and is not directly exposed to sunlight, the evaporation of water is suppressed, the decay of water is suppressed, and the generation of impurities such as algae is reduced. The entry of foreign matter such as dust into the upper water tank 17 is prevented.

  Thereby, it is suppressed by this impurity that the opening / closing valve 22 and the drip-type sprinkling pipe 23 of the drip-type sprinkler 21 which will be described later are clogged, and the maintenance is simplified. In addition, the upper opening part of the upper water tank 17 can also be open | released. In that case, rainwater that falls in the upper water storage tank 17 is temporarily stored in the upper water storage tank 17, so that the effect of restricting the outflow of water can be obtained slightly more than when the upper opening is closed. However, if the upper opening is opened, the water in the upper water tank 17 may directly rot by being exposed to the outside air and being directly exposed to sunlight, so the upper opening of the upper water tank 17 may be blocked. desirable. Further, when the upper opening of the upper water tank 17 is closed with a lid, the lid of the upper water tank 17 is inclined and a hole is provided on the lower side of the inclined lid so that the rain water falls on the inclined lid. Can be collected and allowed to flow into the upper water tank 17 through the hole in the lid. Although not shown, an overflow section can also be provided in the upper water tank 17.

  On the side wall 17a of the upper water tank 17, a drip-type watering device 21 is provided as a watering device. This drip-type watering device 21 is connected to the drip-type watering device controller having an opening / closing valve 22 provided in a take-out hole (not shown) of the side wall 17a, and the opening / closing valve 22, and a large number of small holes 23a are formed in the lower part. It is comprised from the elongate drip-type watering pipe 23 provided.

  When the opening / closing valve 22 is opened by the above-described control device, water in the upper water tank 17 is sprinkled in the form of teardrops or water drops through the drop-type sprinkling pipe 23, and when the opening / closing valve 22 is closed by the above-described control device, Watering is stopped. The drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23 is inclined so as to descend from the opening / closing valve 22 toward the tip, and water is reliably supplied also to the small hole 23a on the tip side.

The following methods can be used for the operation control (that is, the pumping method) of the pumping pump for pumping water into the upper water storage tank 17 and the opening / closing control (that is, the watering method) of the opening / closing valve 22 for intermittent watering.
(1) The drip-type watering device 21 is provided with a time setting function, and the opening / closing valve 22 is controlled to be opened and closed by the above-described control device based on a preset watering time. That is, the control device normally closes the opening / closing valve 22 based on the watering time, but opens and closes at a time when water is required for the preset plant 5 so as to open only for the preset required time. Control and perform intermittent watering. In this case, it is desirable to control the pumping start and pumping stop by the pumping pump 19 based on the water level of the upper water tank 17.

(2) Sprinkling is controlled by the preset intermittent pumping time of the pump 19 without giving the drip sprinkler 21 the time setting function of (1). In this case, a control device that is an operation control mechanism of the pumping pump 19 controls the pumping start and pumping stop of the pumping pump 19, and as a control method thereof, (A) the control device controls the pumping start time, When the pumping pump 19 starts to be driven at the set pumping start time and the water level of the upper water storage tank 17 reaches a preset water level, the method of stopping driving the pumping pump 19 and (B) the control device is controlled by the pumping pump 19. Control the start and stop of pumping.

(3) When the greening tank 2 constantly sprinkles water such as a biotope type greening tank or a paddy type greening tank, the control device controls the start and stop of the pumping pump 19 based on the water level of the upper water storage tank 17. It is desirable.
(4) A rain gauge is installed in the vicinity of the tree planting system, and when a predetermined rainfall is detected by a rain detection signal from the rain gauge, the drip-type water sprinkler 21 is controlled so that the controller stops watering. It is desirable.

(5) A soil moisture sensor as described in Patent Document 3 is installed in the soil 6 of the greening tank 2, and the control device detects the soil 6 based on the amount of moisture in the soil 6 detected by the soil moisture sensor. When it is determined that the moisture content in the inside has become equal to or less than a predetermined moisture content set in advance, the opening / closing valve 22 can be opened to spray water.

(6) In order to alleviate the heat island phenomenon, the surface temperature of the greening tank 2 is measured with a thermometer, and when the controller determines that the surface temperature of the greening tank 2 has reached a predetermined temperature, the opening / closing valve 22 is opened. Watering can also be performed.

  Although not shown, pipes connected to the downstream side of the opening / closing valve 22 (on the side opposite to the upper water storage tank 17 with respect to the opening / closing valve 22) are branched into a predetermined number of branch pipes. A watering pipe 23 is connected. These drip-type sprinkling pipes 23 are arranged over the entire area of the greening tank 2, and when the open / close valve 22 is opened and the water in the upper water storage tank 17 is introduced, the water in each drip-type sprinkling pipe 23 is respectively As shown in FIG. 1 (a), a large number of small holes 23 a naturally fall into a drip-like α and spray water almost uniformly onto the plants 5 and soil 6 in the entire area of the greening tank 2. In that case, water can be supplied without blowing the soil over the entire area of the greening tank 2 with water jets by appropriately arranging a plurality of drip-type watering pipes 23 over the entire area of the greening tank 2 and supplying water to the drip-like α. can do. As the drip-type watering device 21, a commercially available product (for example, trade name Mizuyari-kun: manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.) can be used. Of course, the drip-type watering device 21 is not limited to this, and any device can be used as long as it can spray water in a drip-like manner when necessary.

In the greening system 1 of the first example, the power generated by the above-described solar panel can be used as the power for opening and closing the opening / closing valve 22, but other power such as normal power is used as described above. You can also
In order to reliably spray the plant 5 of the greening tank 2 by the natural fall of water in the drip-type sprinkling pipe 23, the lower part of the drip-type sprinkling pipe 23 is above the top of the plant 5 and below the upper water tank 17. It is necessary to provide in the corresponding position. For this purpose, it is desirable that the bottom of the upper water tank 17 be positioned as high as possible. However, the bottom of the upper water tank 17 is not limited to this.

  In the greening system 1 of this first example, a pair of common tanks consisting of a greening tank 2, a separator 3 and a bottom water tank 4, a lower water tank 9, an upper water tank 17, a pumping pump 19, and a pumping hose 20 are 1 Configured as one block. The one block is set to a size of about 1 m × 2 m in length and width, and is a portable block that can be transported to an arbitrary place. In that case, in each block, as shown in FIG. 1A, the upper water tank 17 is arranged at the uppermost position, and a common tank of the greening tank 2 and the bottom water tank 4 is arranged below the upper water tank 17. Furthermore, the lower water tank 9 is arrange | positioned in the position below this common tank.

  The number of blocks to be installed on the rooftop 2 is set according to the area of the rooftop 2 to be installed, and the set number of blocks is entirely, almost entirely or partially on the floor surface of the rooftop 2. It is installed side by side. In that case, each greening tank 2 may be any one of a land plant growth type, an underwater plant growth type and a biotope type, or these land plant growth type, underwater plant growth type and biotope, respectively. Any two or more of the molds may be combined, and may be set according to the situation of the building such as the installation environment of the building and the type of building.

  In the first example of the greening system 1 configured as described above, a predetermined number of the above-described blocks are installed on the rooftop of the building in whole or in part. As shown in FIG. 1A, soils 6 are stored, and a large number of plants 5 are planted in the soils 6. When it rains, it also rains in the greening tank 2 of each block, but the rainwater (hereinafter also simply referred to as water) that has fallen in each greening tank 2 permeates the soil 6 in the greening tank 2 and the separator 3 The water is stored in the bottom water tank 4 through a plurality of small holes 3a.

  Thus, since the rainwater which fell to each greening tank 2 is stored in the bottom part storage tank 4 among the rainwater which fell on the rooftop, the quantity of the rainwater which flows out from a building is suppressed. This reduces the amount of rainwater around the building and reduces the risk of flooding. In particular, even if the rainfall is fairly heavy, such as about 50 mm / hr, a part of the rain water that falls on the roof is reliably stored in the bottom water tank 4, so the amount of rain water flowing out from the building is efficient. Well controlled and effectively reduces the risk of flooding around buildings.

When the amount of water stored in the bottom water tank 4 becomes full and the rainwater that has fallen into the greening tank 2 does not penetrate the soil 6, the water is stored on the surface of the soil 6. When the water level of the rainwater stored on the surface of the soil 6 becomes higher than the height h ₁ of the greening tank overflow section 7, the rainwater automatically flows out from the greening tank overflow section 7 through the outflow pipe 8, Water is stored in the first lower water tank 11 of the water tank 9. Usually, since the water level 18a in the first lower water tank 11 is higher than the water level in the second lower water tank 12, the check valve 14 is held closed, so that the water 18 stored in the first lower water tank 11 is opened. It does not flow into the second lower water tank 12 through 10a.

When the water level 18a of the water 18 stored in the first lower water tank 11 exceeds the position of the lower water tank overflow section 13 shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1 (a), the water 18 in the first lower water tank 11 is As shown by the two-dot chain line, it flows out from the lower water tank overflow section 13 and is stored in the second lower water tank 12. When the water level in the second lower water tank 12 exceeds the height h ₄ of the second lower water tank outlet 16, part of the water in the second lower water tank 12 is the second lower water tank outlet. 16 and stored in a water storage tank (not shown) such as a water storage tank of a flush toilet.
Furthermore, when the water level in the second lower water tank 12 becomes higher than the height h _{3 of} the second lower water tank overflow part 15, for example, during heavy rain, the water in the second lower water tank 12 becomes the second lower water tank overflow part. 15 to the outside.

On the other hand, the pumping pump 19 is operated by any one of the operation methods described above, so that a predetermined amount of water in the first lower water tank 11 is pumped and stored in the upper water tank 17.
When the water level stored in the upper water storage tank 16 becomes higher than the position of the take-out port (where the opening / closing valve 22 is installed) and the height position of the small hole 23a of the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23, water spraying becomes possible. However, since the opening / closing valve 22 is normally closed, the water in the upper water storage tank 16 does not flow out toward the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23. Then, the opening / closing valve 22 is opened by any one of the aforementioned opening / closing methods, so that the water in the upper water storage tank 16 flows into the drip-type watering pipe 23 through the opening / closing valve 22, and further inside the drip-type watering pipe 23. The water is naturally dropped into a drip-like α from a large number of small holes 23a and sprinkled on the plants 5 and the soil 6 in the greening tank 2 without the soil 6 being blown off.

  When a plant in the greening tank 2 grows due to water sprinkling or raining from the drip-type sprinkling pipe 23, the root 5a passes through the small hole 3a of the separator 3 as shown in FIG. It enters into the water in the bottom water tank 4. As a result, each plant 5 can suck up the water in the bottom water tank 4 from their roots 5a, and continues to grow with the water in the bottom water tank 4. Thus, the plant 5 sucks up the water in the bottom water tank 4 from the root 5a, so that the number of water sprays from the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23 can be reduced.

  According to the greening system 1 of the first example, since the greening system 1 is constructed on the roof of the building, the water is evaporated from the surface of the greening tank 2, and the heat island phenomenon is mitigated by the effect of the heat of evaporation. can do. Thereby, since the temperature rise in a building is suppressed in summer, use of the cooling of a building can be reduced. Therefore, the reduction in the use of cooling can further alleviate the mitigation of the heat island phenomenon.

  In addition, since the water flowing out from the greening tank 2 is stored in the lower water storage tank 9, even if rainwater falling on the roof overflows from the greening tank 2, it can be prevented from flowing out directly from the building to its surroundings. The outflow of rainwater from the building can be more effectively suppressed and delayed. In particular, in urban areas where there are buildings with many buildings, the installation of the greening system 1 on the roof of each building can effectively control and delay the outflow of rainwater from the buildings. Inundation into the building can be prevented. Moreover, by appropriately setting the depth (capacity) of the lower water tank 9 for heavy rains such as the aforementioned squall, a large amount of rain water can be reliably stored in the bottom water tank 4, and the building It is possible to more effectively suppress and delay the outflow of rainwater from the water.

And since the lower water tank 9 is divided into the 1st and 2nd lower water tanks 11 and 12, while storing the water for watering to the greening tank 2 in the 1st lower water tank 11, to the greening tank 2 Extra water that is not necessary for water spraying is stored in the second lower water tank 12 and the water in the second lower water tank 12 is used as water for various water facilities in the building such as water for flush toilets. Can be used.
As a result, the above-mentioned heat island phenomenon is reduced and the outflow of rainwater from the building is effectively suppressed to prevent natural disasters in advance or to reduce damage caused by natural disasters, while reducing the damage caused by natural disasters. The stored water can be efficiently used for various types of water.

  Furthermore, the lower water tank 9 is divided into first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12, and a check valve 14 that allows only the flow of water from the second lower water tank 12 toward the first lower water tank 11 is used. Therefore, when there is little rain and it is difficult to store the amount of water required for watering in the first lower water tank 11, the water in the second lower water tank 12 is replenished into the first lower water tank 11, so it is necessary for watering. Water can be secured more reliably and more reliably.

In particular, by setting the height of the second lower aquarium outlet 16 at a predetermined height h _4, the height h ₄ below the water stocked in the second lower water tank 12, for example drought when water It can be used for other water such as water for emergency and emergency. Thereby, the water stored in the lower water tank 9 can be utilized more efficiently.

  Furthermore, since the bottom water storage tank 4 is provided under the greening tank 2, rain water that has fallen on the roof can be temporarily stored in the bottom water storage tank 4 when it rains. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the rainwater that has fallen on the roof from flowing out directly from the building to its surroundings, so that the outflow of rainwater from the building can be more effectively suppressed and delayed. In that case, by appropriately setting the depth (capacity) of the bottom water tank 4, a large amount of rain water can be reliably stored in the bottom water tank 4, and the outflow of rain water from the building is more effectively suppressed and delayed. be able to.

In addition, the bottom water tank 4 is provided under the greening tank 2 and the separator 3 having a large number of small holes 3a is interposed between the greening tank 2 and the bottom water tank 4, so that the root of the solid 7 The water in the bottom water tank 4 can be effectively used for the growth of the plant 5 by the 5a entering the stored water in the bottom water tank 4 through these small holes 3a. Thereby, the opening / closing frequency of the opening / closing valve 22 can be reduced, and the opening / closing management of the opening / closing valve 22 can be simplified. In that case, since water is dripped onto the plant 5 and the soil 6, it is possible to prevent outflow of earth and sand on the surface of the greening tank at the time of water supply and to prevent the scouring of the surface of the greening tank 6 by flying the soil 6. It is possible to supply water uniformly over the entire area.
In particular, the water supply management and maintenance of the greening system can be simplified by automatically controlling the operation of the drip-type watering device 21 with the control device.

  In this way, while reducing the heat island phenomenon due to the greening of the roof, it effectively suppresses the outflow of rainwater from the building to prevent natural disasters in advance or to reduce damage caused by natural disasters, and greening The plant 5 in the tank 2 can be effectively grown.

  Furthermore, since only three water storage tanks, the bottom water storage tank 4, the lower water storage tank 9, and the upper water storage tank 17, are provided for greening the rooftop and suppressing the outflow of rainwater from the building, The greening system 1 can be constructed at a low cost. In particular, by configuring the greening system 1 in units of blocks, the greening system 1 can be installed in a short time simply by arranging a predetermined number of blocks. Moreover, by making this block portable, it is possible to flexibly cope with any installation location and any shape on the roof.

  Furthermore, since the lower water tank 9 and the upper water tank 17 are both installed on the roof, and the upper water tank 17 is provided immediately above the lower water tank 9, there is a difference in height between the lower water tank 9 and the upper water tank 17. Can be reduced. Thereby, since the positional energy difference of the water 18 in the lower water tank 9 and the water in the upper water tank 17 can be made small, the pumping energy by the pumping pump 19 can be made small. Therefore, the pump capacity of the pumping pump 19 can be reduced, and a small pump can be used for the pumping pump 19. In addition, since the greening system 1 of the first example uses rain water and does not use tap water, the operating cost and the management cost can be reduced in combination with the use of a small pump. In addition, management can be further reduced by using the power of the solar panel for driving the pump and opening / closing the opening / closing valve 22.

  Furthermore, the heat island phenomenon can be reduced more effectively by using the above-mentioned land-type, underwater plant-type, and biotope-type greening tanks in combination as appropriate for each greening tank 2 of a plurality of blocks. The scenery of this can be made good and the function of the oasis can be demonstrated.

  FIG. 3 schematically shows a second example of the embodiment of the greening system according to the present invention, where (a) is an overall schematic diagram and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a). In the following description of each example, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the previous example, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the first example described above, the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 of the lower water tank 9 are partitioned by the partition wall 10, but in the greening system 1 of this second example as shown in FIG. The first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 of the lower water tank 9 are composed of two boxes having a rectangular shape in plan view provided independently of each other. These two boxes are installed at the same height position or approximately the same height position.

The first lower water tank 11 is provided with a lower water tank overflow section 13 at a height h ₂ as in the first example. The first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 are communicated by a first connection hose (tube) 24 having a diameter d ₁ connected to the lower water tank overflow part 13 of the first lower water tank 11, and The two connecting hoses (tubes) 25 having a diameter d ₂ (d ₂ > d ₁ ) larger than the diameter d _{1 of} the first connecting hose (tube) 24 are disposed at the bottom of the two boxes or slightly above the bottom. Has been. The second connecting hose (tube) 25 is preferably provided at a position below the height h ₄ of the second lower water tank outlet 16 of the second lower water tank 12. The first connecting hose (pipe) 24 is not necessarily provided horizontally, and as long as it is connected to the lower water tank overflow part 13 of the first lower water tank 11, the second lower water tank 12 side is lowered. It may be inclined. However, when the water in the first lower water tank 11 flows into the second lower water tank 12 through the first connection hose (tube) 24, an air passage is formed in the first connection hose (tube) 24 to In order to make the flow easy and reliable, the first connecting hose (tube) 24 is desirably provided horizontally.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the aforementioned check valve 14 is provided at the opening where the second connecting hose (pipe) 25 opens into the first lower water tank 11, and the second lower water tank 12 The flow of water to the first lower water tank 11 is allowed, but the flow of water in the opposite direction is prevented. The check valve 14 may be provided at an intermediate position of the second connection hose (pipe) 25 or an opening where the second connection hose (pipe) 25 opens into the second lower water tank 12.
Other configurations of the greening system 1 of the second example are the same as those of the greening system of the first example.

  According to the greening system 1 of the second example, since the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 are constituted by two independent boxes, the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 are separated from each other by a predetermined distance. Can be placed and installed. Thereby, since the 1st and 2nd lower water tanks 11 and 12 can be arranged corresponding to the shape of a roof flexibly, the installation freedom of the 1st and 2nd lower water tanks 11 and 12 can be made high. . Moreover, since the 1st and 2nd lower water tanks 11 and 12 can be installed arbitrarily, it functions as a support base which supports the common tank of the greening tank 2 and the bottom water tank 4 efficiently according to the size of this common tank. Can be made.

Further, by increasing the diameter d ₂ of the second connecting hose (tube) 25 provided with the check valve 14, the check valve 14 can be reliably opened and closed. The diameters d ₁ and d ₂ of the first and second connecting hoses (tubes) 24 and 25 are not limited to d ₂ > d ₁ and are set to d ₂ = d ₁ or d ₂ <d ₁ . You can also However, in order to obtain the above-described effects, both the diameters d ₁ and d ₂ are preferably set to satisfy d ₂ > d ₁ .
Other functions and effects of the greening system 1 of the second example are substantially the same as those of the greening system 1 of the first example.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a third example of the embodiment of the greening system according to the present invention, where (a) is an overall schematic diagram and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a).
In the second example described above, the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 of the lower water tank 9 are constituted by two boxes having a rectangular shape in plan view, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). In addition, the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 of the lower water tank 9 in the greening system 1 of the third example are formed of cylindrical pipes provided independently of each other. In that case, the second lower water tank 12 is provided separately and independently from each other, and each of the third lower water tank part 12a, the second lower water tank part 12b, and the second lower water tank part 12b, each formed from three cylindrical pipes. It is comprised from the 2nd-3rd lower water tank part 12c. All cylindrical pipes are constructed as sealed containers with their sides closed. These cylindrical pipes are installed at the same height position or substantially the same height position and in parallel.

And the 1st lower water tank 11 and the 2nd -1 lower water tank part 12a nearest to the 1st lower water tank 11 of the 2nd lower water tank 12 are the 1st and 2nd connection hose (pipe) like a 2nd example. 24 and 25. In that case, the first connection hose (tube) 24 is connected to the lower water tank overflow section 13 provided at the position of the height h ₂ of the first lower water tank 11. The 2-1 lower water tank part 12a and the 2-2 lower water tank part 12b are communicated with each other by a third connecting hose (tube) 26, and the 2-2 lower water tank part 12b and the 2-3 lower part are connected. The water tank 12 c is communicated with a fourth connecting hose (tube) 27. The third and fourth connection hoses (tubes) 26 and 27 both have the same diameter as the second connection hose (tube) 25 and are disposed at the same height. In addition, the flow of water passing through the first to fourth connecting hoses (tubes) 24, 25, 26, 27 is easily and surely provided on the upper part of the 2-1 lower water tank part 12a and the 2-2 lower water tank part 12b. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an air passage communicating with the outside.

The third and fourth connection hoses (tubes) 26 and 27 may have different diameters from each other and may be different from the diameter of the second connection hose (tube) 25, and different from the second connection hose (tube) 25. You may arrange | position in a height position.
The last 2-3 lower water tank part 12c is provided with a second lower water tank overflow part 15 and a second lower water tank outlet 16 as in the above examples.
The pump 19 is installed outside the first lower water tank 11 and is communicated with the first lower water tank 11 by a fifth connecting hose (pipe) 28.
Other configurations of the greening system 1 of the third example are the same as those of the greening system of the first example.

According to the greening system 1 of the third example, the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 are configured by cylindrical pipes, and therefore the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12 can be easily manufactured. it can. Moreover, since the 2nd lower water tank 12 is comprised from three cylindrical pipes, the 2nd lower water tank 12 can be arrange | positioned corresponding to the shape of a roof top, and the freedom degree of installation of the 2nd lower water tank 12 Can be further increased.
Other functions and effects of the third example of the greening system 1 are substantially the same as those of the first and second examples of the greening system 1 described above.

  In addition, the cylindrical pipe of the 2nd lower water tank 12 is not limited to three, One or more can also be provided arbitrarily. The plurality of cylindrical pipes are not necessarily arranged side by side as shown in FIG. 4A, and may be arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical pipes. A longitudinal arrangement and a parallel arrangement may be combined. In that case, each cylindrical pipe of the 1st and 2nd lower water tanks 11 and 12 can also make those both end surfaces communicate, in addition to making those cylindrical outer peripheral surfaces communicate, and can make end surfaces and cylindrical outer peripheral surfaces communicate. Can be communicated with each other, and various communication methods are possible. For example, rectangular pipes other than cylindrical pipes can be used for the first and second lower water tanks 11 and 12. Further, in the second lower water tank 12 composed of the box of the second example described above, a plurality of the same can be provided as in the third example. Further, the box of the second example and the pipe of the third example are combined. Can also be used.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a fourth example of the embodiment of the greening system according to the present invention, where (a) is an overall schematic diagram and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a).
In the first example described above, the greening tank overflow section 7 is provided at a position slightly higher (approximately several cm) than the surface (upper surface) of the soil 6 in the greening tank 2. In the greening system 1 of the fourth example, as shown in FIG. 5, the separator 3 is provided at the upper surface position, that is, substantially at the uppermost position of the bottom water tank 4.
Other configurations and other functions and effects of the greening system 1 of the fourth example are substantially the same as those of the first example.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a fifth example of the embodiment of the greening system according to the present invention, where (a) is an overall schematic diagram and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a).
In the first example described above, the bottom water storage tank 4 is provided directly below the greening tank 2 with the separator 3 interposed therebetween. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the greening system of the fifth example is provided. In 1, the bottom water tank 4 is not provided.
Other configurations of the greening system 1 of the fifth example are substantially the same as those of the first example. Moreover, the effect of the greening system 1 of this 5th example is substantially the same as the 1st example except the effect based on the bottom part water tank 4. FIG.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a greening tank used in each of the above examples, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a front view, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a soil block used in the greening tank shown in FIG. FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a predetermined number (four in the illustrated example) of soil blocks 29 formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape of the same size are arranged in parallel in the greening tank 2. ing. In that case, a slight gap c is set between the side wall 2 a of the greening tank 2 and the soil block 29 and between adjacent soil blocks 29. Due to this gap c, excess water other than water necessary for vegetation such as rain water falling on the soil block 29 and water supplied to the soil block 29 from the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23 flows out into this gap, and further the greening tank It flows into the lower water tank 9 through the overflow section 7 and the outflow pipe 8.

  These soil blocks 29 include the soil 6 on which plants are grown, and before the soil block 29 is installed in the greening tank 2, the seeds of plants mainly composed of weeds are contained in the soil 6 of the soil block 29. Pre-included (squeezed).

  As shown in FIG. 8, the soil block 29 is composed of a bottom plate 30 and a side wall 31 erected on the entire outer periphery of the bottom plate 30, and in a housing portion composed of the bottom plate 30 and the side wall 31, Soil 6 containing seeds is stored. The width B (m), the length L (m), and the height (soil thickness) d (cm) of the soil block 29 are determined to be portable and corresponding to the size of the greening tank 2. ing. The bottom plate 30 is composed of a plate or sheet having low water permeability, that is, hardly water-permeable which is not completely water-impervious. For this bottom plate 30, for example, a commercially available product such as a plywood (plywood), a synthetic resin plate, or a synthetic resin sheet can be used.

  Moreover, the side wall 31 has such a strength that the soil 6 does not collapse during transportation, and allows water to pass through after being installed in the greening tank 2, which eventually rots (after a predetermined time) and becomes part of the soil. It is composed of materials that become. For example, a corrugated board or thick paper can be used for the side wall 31. Furthermore, the seeds of the plant to be included in the soil 6 in advance are preferably plant seeds that are easy to grow while the plant seeds germinate after the soil block 29 is installed in the greening tank 2. Although it does not specifically limit as a plant, Plants, such as a weed which does not require much effort and cost after growth and are easy to manage, are desirable.

  By using such a soil block 29, the carrying operation of the soil 6 and the storing operation of the soil 6 in the greening tank 2 can both be simplified and the working time can be shortened. In addition, the seeds of the plant 5 are preliminarily included (sown) in the soil 6 of the soil block 29 before the soil block 29 is installed, so that it is not necessary to sow the seeds of the plant 5 after the soil block 29 is installed. In addition, when a failure occurs in the growth of the vegetation of the soil block 29, it is only necessary to replace the soil block 6, so that maintenance is further facilitated.

FIG. 9 is an overall schematic diagram schematically showing a sixth example of the embodiment of the greening system according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 9, in the greening system 1 of the sixth example, the soil block 29 shown in FIG. 8 is installed in the soil 6 of the greening tank 2 in the greening system 1 of the first example as shown in FIG. Has been.

  In the first example described above, the lower water tank 9 is partitioned into a first lower water tank 11 and a second lower water tank 12 by a partition wall 10, but in the greening system 1 of the sixth example, the lower water tank 9 is not divided and is formed as a single water tank.

  Further, in the greening system 1 of the sixth example, a predetermined number of drip nozzles 23 b are provided in the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23 instead of the small holes 23 a of the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23. Although not shown, the drip-type water sprinkling pipe 23 is branched, and each drip nozzle 23b is arranged to be at the center position of each soil block 29 as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and (b). Yes.

When the drip nozzles 23b are thus arranged, the interval between the drip nozzles 23b is determined based on the size of the greening tank 2, that is, the size of the soil block 29. Then, the water spray amount q ₀ (cm ³ ) when water is sprinkled on the soil 6 and the water spray time interval T (hour) are set so that the water content p of the soil 6 becomes the optimum water content. In that case, the moisture content p is a value obtained by dividing the weight of water contained in the soil 6 by the weight of the soil 6 containing water (no unit. In addition, the unit of both weights is the same. given in kg). The optimum moisture content is a moisture content p that can maintain the growth of vegetation and does not die.

  The moisture content p of the soil 6 is obtained as follows. As a result of theoretical analysis, it was found that the moisture content p is determined by the following two parameters α and β.

And the moisture content p depends on these parameters α and β.

Given in. In these mathematical formulas 1 to 3, L is the interval (m) of the drip nozzle 23b, and either the width B (m) or the length L (m) of the soil block 29 shown in FIG. It is appropriately selected according to the situation such as the installation location. In this case, the gap c (cm) between the soil blocks 29 and the like is extremely small as compared with the width B (m) and the length L (m), and is ignored, and the interval L (m) between the drip nozzles 25b is substantially reduced. It can be regarded as the width B (m) or the length L (m). Further, λ is the porosity of the soil, and the porosity is a value (no unit) obtained by dividing the volume of the void in the soil 6 by the volume of the soil. Furthermore, k is a water permeability coefficient or a diffusion coefficient (cm / s). Furthermore, leakage from e _v evaporation amount per the and unit area in unit time (sec) per ^{(cm 3 / s / cm 2} ), e v is separator 3 per and unit area in unit time (sec) Amount (cm ³ / s / cm ² ).

  And parameter (beta) is calculated | required by Numerical formula 2, and parameter (alpha) is calculated | required by Numerical formula 3 based on calculated | required (beta) and the moisture content p set optimal according to the installation condition of the greening tank 2. FIG. Finally, based on the obtained α, the time interval T (hour) of the watering time is obtained by Equation 1.

  Further, a secondary water pipe 32 is connected to the upper water tank 17 via an open / close valve 33. By opening and closing the opening / closing valve 33, the water in the upper water tank 17 passes through the secondary use water pipe 32, for example, water for flush toilets, water for watering garden plants, and water for washing cars. Secondary usage has been made. In that case, the opening and closing of the opening and closing valve 33 is appropriately controlled manually or by the aforementioned control device.

According to the greening system 1 of the sixth example, since the soil block 29 set in advance based on the size of the greening tank 2 is used for the soil 6 of the greening tank 2, the installation of the greening tank 2 is extremely simple. become. Moreover, since the seeds of the plant 5 are included in the soil 6 of the soil block 29 in advance before the soil block 29 is installed (sowing), it is not necessary to sow the seeds of the plant 5 after the soil block 29 is installed. Thus, the installation work of the greening system 1 can be extremely simplified and the installation time can be shortened effectively. In particular, by using weed seeds as plant seeds, it is possible to preserve and maintain the surrounding ecosystem including the installation site of the greening system, which is also significant in terms of plant gene conservation.
Other configurations and other functions and effects of the greening system 1 of the sixth example are substantially the same as those of the first example.

  In each of the above-described examples, the portion where the greening tank 2 is provided is formed as a greening tank having the same horizontal sectional area as the bottom water storage tank 4 and separate from the bottom water storage tank 4, and this greening tank is formed in the bottom water storage tank 4. It may be removably installed on the top. In that case, the separator 3 is provided at the bottom of the greening tank 2, and the greening tank 2 is formed on the separator 3. Furthermore, although the size of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the bottom water storage tank 4 can be formed larger than that of the greening tank, at this time, when the upper opening of the bottom water storage tank 4 partially opens upward. The open part is closed. Thereby, it is suppressed that the water in the bottom part water tank 4 decays similarly to the above.

  Further, the greening tank 2, the bottom water tank 4, the lower water tank 9, and the upper water tank 17 are all formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, but are not limited to this, and various shapes are individually provided. It can also be formed. Furthermore, the watering device is not limited to the drip-type watering device 21, and a conventionally known watering device can also be used.

  Further, in the above-described example, the greening system of the present invention is described as the rooftop greening system 1, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the veranda, the terrace, and the artificial ground such as a paved ground and a paved road are used. The present invention can also be applied to a greening system that greens flat portions of other artificial structures such as ground such as concrete or asphalt pavement.

  Furthermore, the flat portion in the present invention is not necessarily a smooth surface, and has a rough surface, or a flat portion that is not necessarily a horizontal surface, is an inclined surface and is maintained on a horizontal surface by an artificial building, etc. The case where the greening system of the invention can be installed and is a flat part as a whole is included.

  The greening system of the present invention uses rainwater to greenen a flat part such as a concrete or asphalt pavement surface of an artificial building such as a rooftop, a veranda, a terrace, and an artificial ground such as a paving ground or a paved road. Can be suitably used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The 1st example of embodiment of the greening system which concerns on this invention is shown typically, (a) is a whole schematic diagram, (b) is the elements on larger scale in (a). The separator used for the rooftop greening system of the example shown in FIG. 1 is shown, (a) is a diagram showing a large number of small holes arranged vertically and horizontally, and (b) is a diagram showing a large number of small holes arranged at random. It is. The 2nd example of embodiment of the greening system which concerns on this invention is shown typically, (a) is a whole schematic diagram, (b) is the elements on larger scale in (a). The 3rd example of embodiment of the greening system which concerns on this invention is shown typically, (a) is a whole schematic diagram, (b) is the elements on larger scale in (a). The 4th example of embodiment of the tree planting system which concerns on this invention is shown typically, (a) is a whole schematic diagram, (b) is the elements on larger scale in (a). The 5th example of embodiment of the tree planting system which concerns on this invention is shown typically, (a) is a whole schematic diagram, (b) is the elements on larger scale in (a). An example of the greening tank used for each example described above is shown, (a) is a plan view and (b) is a front view. It is a perspective view which shows the soil block used for the tree planting tank shown in FIG. It is the whole schematic figure which shows typically the 6th example of embodiment of the greening system which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Greening system, 2 is a greening tank, 3 is a separator, 4 is a bottom water tank, 5 is a plant, 6 is soil, 7 is a greening tank overflow part, 8 ... Outflow pipe, 9 ... Lower water tank, 10 ... Partition wall, 11 ... first lower water tank, 12 ... second lower water tank, 13 ... lower water tank overflow section, 14 ... check valve, 15 ... second lower water tank overflow section, 16 ... second lower water tank water outlet , 17 ... upper water tank, 18 ... water, 19 ... pumping pump, 20 ... pumping hose, drip-type watering device, 22 ... open / close valve, 23 ... drip-type watering pipe, 24 ... first connecting hose (pipe), 25 ... 2nd connection hose (pipe), 26 ... 3rd connection hose (tube), 27 ... 4th connection hose (pipe), 29 ... Soil block, 30 ... Bottom plate, 31 ... Side wall

Claims (10)

In the tree planting system to plant the flat part of the artificial building,
A greening tank installed above the flat part of the artificial building and where plants are grown, and a lower part installed in the flat part of the artificial building below the greening tank and storing rainwater flowing out of the greening tank A water storage tank, an upper water storage tank installed above the greening tank, a pumping means for pumping water stored in the lower water storage tank and supplying the water to the upper water storage tank, and storing the water in the upper water storage tank A watering device for watering the plant water to the plant,
The lower water tank is composed of a first lower water tank and a second lower water tank,
The water stored in the first lower water tank is pumped by the pumping means and supplied to the upper water tank;
When a predetermined amount or more of water is stored in the first lower water tank, the predetermined amount or more of water flows into and stores in the second lower water tank,
The greening system, wherein the second lower water tank is connected to a water facility other than the greening tank. When the water level in the first lower water tank is lower than the water level in the second lower water tank, water supply means for supplying water in the second lower water tank to the first lower water tank is provided. The greening system according to claim 1. The greening system according to claim 2, wherein the water replenishing means includes a check valve that allows only a flow of water from the second lower water tank toward the first lower water tank. The second lower water tank is composed of a plurality of lower water tank parts communicated in order, and when a predetermined amount or more of water is stored in the first lower water tank, the predetermined amount is stored in one of the plurality of lower water tank parts. The above water flows in and is stored, and the water facility is connected to the other one of the plurality of lower water tank sections. The greening system described. A bottom water storage tank for storing rainwater penetrating the greening tank is provided under the greening tank, and the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank are integrally provided in a common tank. Item 5. The greening system according to any one of Items 1 to 4. While having a separator that separates between the greening tank and the bottom water storage tank, the greening tank contains soil on which plants are grown,
The separator has water permeability that allows water that has permeated through the greening tank to permeate into the bottom water storage tank and allows water vapor stored in the bottom water storage tank to permeate into the soil of the greening tank, At least one of the rain water falling on the greening tank and the water spray from the watering device is stored in the bottom water storage tank through the greening tank and the separator, and the evaporated water of the water in the bottom water storage tank is stored in the separator. The greening system according to claim 5, wherein water is permeable to the soil of the greening tank. The greening system according to claim 6, wherein the separator has a predetermined number of small holes, and roots of the plant can enter the bottom water tank through the small holes. The greening system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a predetermined number of portable soil blocks arranged in parallel with each other are used in the soil of the greening tank. In the tree planting system to plant the flat part of the artificial building,
A greening tank installed above the flat part of the artificial building and containing soil on which plants are grown, and a bottom water tank in which rainwater that has penetrated the greening tank is stored under the greening tank, A separator for separating the greening tank and the bottom water tank, and a lower water tank for storing rainwater flowing out of the greening tank,
A predetermined number of portable soil blocks formed in a predetermined shape and arranged in parallel to each other are used in the soil of the greening tank,
The separator has water permeability that allows water that has permeated through the greening tank to pass through the bottom water storage tank and allows water evaporated from the water stored in the bottom water storage tank to pass through the soil of the greening tank. A characteristic greening system. The planting system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein plant seeds are previously contained in the soil of the soil block before the soil block is installed in the planting tank.

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