JP2006014681A - Greening base structure and greening base system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening base structure for always keeping the whole of soil in a moist condition with an easy structure using natural rainwater, and enabling a worker to work into soil and stable water absorption even in the case when earth is cultivated and roots extend. <P>SOLUTION: This greening base structure is typically composed of a pallet 3 composed of a bottom 3a and an outer peripheral wall 3b surrounding the bottom 3a, a three-dimensional structure 7 with the void allowing water and air to flow in and flow out and a sheet 6 having entry preventing function of soil and plant roots and water absorbing function. The open surface of the three-dimensional structure 7 is covered with the sheet 6. The three-dimensional structure 7 is laid in the pallet 3 so that the upper end of the three-dimensional structure 7 is higher than a height allowing water storage of the pallet 3 and at least part of the sheet 6 is lower than a height allowing water storage of the pallet 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a greening base pallet, a greening base structure, and a greening base system for greening a veranda, rooftop, roof, wall surface, and the like of a building.

  In order to cope with the heat island phenomenon in the city, so-called greening of buildings is being promoted in which verandas, roofs or walls are greened. Even for roofs in urban areas, the ratio of detached houses to the total building area is overwhelmingly large. Therefore, realizing the greening of these detached houses will contribute to the mitigation of the heat island phenomenon.

  There are many problems to be solved when trying to plant a detached house. One of them is the problem of maintaining the wet state of the soil. That is, for example, in a rooftop green area formed in a building, it is not possible to form a soil layer with an unlimited thickness in terms of the allowable load capacity of the building, and the thickness of the soil layer is reduced compared to the green space on the ground. I must. For this reason, there existed a problem that soil was easy to dry and it was difficult to grow a plant. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to grow plants from seeds because the wind on the roof is stronger than the ground and the soil is easily scattered.

  As one technique for solving the above problem, for example, a housing that is installed outdoors and has an upper end opened, a water storage tank that is provided in a bottomed shape in the lower part of the housing and stores the amount of water, and an excessively provided upper part in the housing. There has been proposed a non-irrigated planter comprising a culture medium that drops rainwater into a water storage tank and a water supply member that supplies water from the water storage tank to the culture medium when the culture medium is dried (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, a planter has been proposed in which the lower end of the water absorbent cloth hangs down in the water storage container, is made to stand inside the cultivation soil, and when the cultivation soil dries, the water absorption cloth sucks up the water in the container and supplies it to the plant (patent) Reference 2).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-23065 Registered Utility Model No. 30703701

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since the configuration is complicated and the water supply member is raised along the container, the supply of moisture to the soil center is insufficient depending on the size of the container. . Moreover, although the culture medium is supported with the partition plate, there is no description regarding the intensity | strength and it is not assumed that a person will enter into a culture medium and work.

  Moreover, in the technique of patent document 2, although the supply of the water | moisture content to a soil center is attained, since the water absorption cloth is self-supporting inside the soil for cultivation, when the soil is dug up or the root of a plant overhangs greatly For example, there is a possibility that the position of the water absorbent cloth may change, and there is a problem that the water absorption performance is not stable.

  Therefore, the present invention uses a simple configuration to maximize the use of natural rainwater to always maintain the entire soil in a moist state, and does not disturb the configuration of the greening base even if a person enters and works in the soil. The purpose is to be able to absorb water stably even when the soil is dug up or the roots of the plant are overhanging.

  In order to achieve the above object, a greening base pallet according to the present invention is a greening base pallet comprising a bottom and an outer peripheral wall surrounding the bottom, and includes a lifting through hole or a plant fixing hole on the outer peripheral wall. At least one is provided.

  In addition, the first configuration of the greening base structure according to the present invention includes a water storage portion including a bottom portion and an outer peripheral wall surrounding the bottom portion, a three-dimensional structure including a gap capable of inflowing and outflowing moisture and air, and soil. And a sheet having a plant root intrusion prevention function and a water absorption function, the open surface of the three-dimensional structure is covered with the sheet, and the upper end of the three-dimensional structure is higher than the water storage possible height of the water storage section. As described above, the sheet is placed inside the water storage unit, and at least a part of the sheet is configured to be equal to or less than a water storage possible height of the water storage unit.

  Further, the second configuration of the greening base structure according to the present invention is the greening base structure of the first configuration, in which a protruding portion that protrudes from the upper surface of the three-dimensional structure is provided, and the protruding portion is a water absorbing sheet. Further, it is characterized in that a part of the water-absorbing sheet is configured to be equal to or less than a water storage possible height of the water storage section.

  The third configuration of the greening base structure according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the greening base structure of the first or second configuration, the water storage unit is unitized and has a pallet shape.

  Moreover, the 4th structure of the greening base structure which concerns on this invention has provided the through-hole for lifting in the said outer peripheral wall in the greening base structure of the said 3rd structure, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  Moreover, the 5th structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention WHEREIN: In the tree planting base structure of the said 3rd or 4th structure, provided the hole for plant fixation in the said outer peripheral wall, and comprised it so that multiple connection was possible. Features.

  The first configuration of the greening infrastructure system according to the present invention is characterized in that it is configured by combining a plurality of pallet-shaped greening infrastructure structures of any of the third to fifth sizes.

  The second configuration of the greening infrastructure system according to the present invention is a greening infrastructure system configured by combining a plurality of the pallet-shaped greening infrastructure structures of any of the third to fifth, or the first greening infrastructure system. The pallet and the gap between the pallet and the green stone are filled with a filler.

  According to the pallet for greening base according to the present invention, the pallet can be lifted together with plants and soil by a heavy machine using the lifting through-hole provided in the outer peripheral wall, and the removal movement to the artificial green space is further facilitated in units of pallets. The maintenance of the waterproof layer such as the rooftop and the renovation of the green space can be easily performed. In addition, the entire weight of the greening base structure acts as a reaction force against the pulling-out force of the plant using the plant fixing hole provided on the outer peripheral wall. And can prevent the plant from falling or scattering.

  According to the 1st structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention, securing of a water storage layer and a ventilation layer and construction | assembly of a water absorption structure are attained with the simple structure of covering a solid structure with a sheet | seat.

  That is, at least a part of the sheet provided with the water absorption function is configured to be equal to or lower than the water storage possible height of the water storage section. Thereby, the water sucked up from the water storage part by the sheet can permeate the soil around the three-dimensional structure and wet the entire soil.

  Moreover, the three-dimensional structure provided with the space | gap which can flow in and out of a water | moisture content and air was mounted in the inside of a water storage part so that the upper end might become higher than the water storage possible height of a water storage part. As a result, even if the amount of stored water increases, a ventilation layer is secured, air is supplied from the bottom of the soil, oxygen necessary for the plant can be taken in, and gas generated from the plant is discharged. Furthermore, the root of the plant can be prevented without being soaked in water.

  In addition, since the three-dimensional structure can withstand the load of the person in addition to the soil, even if a person enters the soil and works, the predetermined water storage layer and the ventilation layer can be maintained. Moreover, it was set as the structure which covers the open surface of a three-dimensional structure with a sheet | seat. Thereby, even when the soil is dug up or the roots of the plant are largely overhanged, stable water absorption can be performed over the entire green space without moving the sheet.

  Moreover, according to the 2nd structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention, the soil can be further moistened in the position which provided the protrusion part, and cultivation from a seed, cultivation of a short root seedling can be carried out. It can be easily realized. In addition, since the position of the water absorbing sheet is held by the protruding portion, stable water absorption can be performed even when the soil is disturbed by dug up the soil or the plant roots are greatly overhanged.

  Moreover, according to the 3rd structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention, an artificial green space can be installed only by putting the united pallet-shaped water storage part. For this reason, compared with the case where the upper part of the waterproof layer on the roof is partitioned by a partition member such as a steel plate to configure the water storage part, the work at the construction site in the green space can be reduced, and the operator's skill can be reduced in a short work time. It is possible to provide high-quality artificial green spaces that are not affected by the degree.

  Moreover, according to the 4th structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention, a pallet can be lifted with a plant and soil with a heavy machine etc., removal movement to an artificial green space can be performed still more easily per pallet, and waterproofing It is easy to maintain the strata and renovate the green space.

  Moreover, according to the 5th structure of the tree planting base structure which concerns on this invention, the whole weight (all the connected pallets and the whole soil of the upper part) act as reaction force with respect to the drawing-out force of a plant. Therefore, the plant can be surely restrained with a large reaction force with a simple structure and at low cost, and the plant can be prevented from falling or scattering.

  Moreover, according to the 1st structure of the artificial green field which concerns on this invention, the combination of various pallets and arrangement | positioning are attained, and the freedom degree of the shape of an artificial green field can be raised.

  Moreover, according to the 2nd structure of the artificial green field which concerns on this invention, the drainage route of the excess water which overflowed from the pallet can be ensured, preventing the outflow of soil easily, and also the shift | offset | difference of a pallet can be prevented.

  Hereinafter, the best embodiment of the greening base pallet, the greening base structure, and the greening base system of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pallet-like greening base structure according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views and cross-sectional views of the pallet, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the pallet-like greening base structure, and FIG. FIG. 6 (a) is an explanatory diagram of the filler disposed on the boundary between adjacent pallets, FIG. 6 (b) is an explanatory diagram of the filler disposed between the pallet and the curb, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing of lifting of a pallet.

  The artificial green space using the pallet for greening base, the greening base structure and the greening base system of the present invention is mainly composed of a concrete slab, a concrete panel or a lightweight cellular concrete panel (like a rooftop including a veranda and a roof of a building). An ALC panel) is formed in a portion where the waterproof layer 2 is formed on the upper part of a panel by a waterproof sheet or the like.

  An artificial green area including a reservoir and soil layer is constructed on the veranda, the rooftop, or part of the floor, and flowers, herbs, lawns, ground cover plants, and shrubs are planted in the artificial green area. It is possible to construct a roof garden to green the veranda and the rooftop.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the greening base structure of the present invention is installed on a rooftop structure 1. In the greening base structure, an insulating layer 16 made of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate; polyester) sheet or the like is laid on the waterproof layer 2 made of a soft vinyl chloride sheet or the like, and the soft vinyl chloride sheet or the like is placed on the insulating layer 16. A root-resistant layer 17 is laid, and a pallet 3 serving as a water storage section is arranged on the root-resistant layer 17. The insulating layer 16 is for preventing the plastic material contained in the soft vinyl chloride from moving between the waterproof layer 2 and the root-resistant layer 17.

  Inside the greening base pallet 3, a three-dimensional structure 7, a protruding member 9, a sheet 6, and a water absorbing sheet 10 are provided, and a soil layer 5 is provided thereon. In addition, the weight including all of the pallet 3, the three-dimensional structure 7, the protruding member 9, water, soil, plants, and the like must be equal to or less than the allowable load capacity of the building.

(Root resistant layer)
The root-resistant layer 17 protects the roof waterproof layer of the building such as a soft vinyl chloride waterproof sheet from deterioration due to excess water and breakage due to the ingress of plant roots. The root-resistant layer 17 covers the entire bottom surface of the artificial green space, and has a rising portion so as to follow the curb 14 at the peripheral edge of the artificial green space. The rising portion is provided with a drain port 18 for discharging the excess water overflowing from the pallet 3 serving as a water storage unit to the outside, and the excess water discharged from the drain port 18 contacts the waterproof layer 2 around the artificial green space. It is configured to be discharged outside the building without any problems.

  With these configurations, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the waterproof layer 2 due to the microorganisms in the soil containing the components and seedlings contained in the chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals flowing out together with the excess water. Moreover, it can prevent that a plant root enters from the joint of the waterproof layer 2, etc., penetrates the waterproof layer 2, and leaks from the penetration part.

  The material for forming the root-resistant layer 17 is preferably a material having high waterproof performance and strength and flexible enough to correspond to any shape. Specifically, Nipolan water-impervious sheet CVT manufactured by Nippon Poly Products Co., Ltd. A soft vinyl chloride sheet such as can be used. In addition, when vinyl chlorides having different plasticizer contents are stacked, it is preferable to interpose an insulating sheet such as a polyethylene sheet in order to prevent the plasticizer from moving.

(palette)
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the pallet 3 is a dish-shaped water storage unit having a predetermined size composed of a rectangular bottom 3 a and an outer peripheral wall 3 b surrounding the bottom 3 a, and is provided on the waterproof layer 2. Be placed. The pallet 3 is formed of a synthetic resin such as polypropylene or FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics).

  The pallet 3 accommodates the three-dimensional structure 7 and stores the water supplied to the green space by rain or irrigation within an allowable amount of water. For example, the amount of stored water may be defined by the height of the outer peripheral wall 3b, or the amount of stored water may be defined by providing a drain hole or a notch in the outer peripheral wall 3b. The height of the outer peripheral wall 3b (height of the discharge hole) is calculated by subtracting the weight of soil, plant, three-dimensional structure 7, pallet 3, etc. from the allowable load, and calculating the allowable water volume. Determined by taking the rate into consideration.

  The upper end of the outer peripheral wall 3b of the pallet 3 projects in a flange shape, and a joint mounting portion 3c is provided at the projected upper end. The joint mounting portion 3c is provided with a connecting hole 3d horizontally and vertically with through holes 3e1 and 3e2. The joint attachment portion 3c is a coupling portion for coupling to the adjacent pallet 3, and a plurality of the pallets 3 are connected and arranged by overlapping the coupling holes 3d of the adjacent pallets 3 and coupling them with fasteners 19 or bolts. be able to.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the pallet 3 includes pallets with different sizes such as planters. A plurality of pallets 3 having different sizes can be used in combination. Further, the height of the outer peripheral wall 3b of the large pallet 3 can be made higher than that of the soil layer 5 to surround the plant 11. The pallet 3 can be arranged in various shapes such as vertical, horizontal, and zigzag. Moreover, the bottom part structure using only one pallet 3 may be sufficient.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the through hole 3 e 1 is a plant fixing hole for fixing the locking member 12 that restrains the plant 11. A PP (polypropylene resin) band or the like can be used as the locking member 12, and the other loop portion whose both ends are locked to the plant 11 is inserted into the through hole 3e1 and fixed by a comb-like stopper.

  When the locking member 12 is fixed to the through hole 3e1, since the plurality of pallets 3 are connected at the joint mounting portion 3c, the total weight of the greening base structure against the pulling force of the plant 11 (all connected pallets 3 and the entire soil above it) act as a reaction force, and can reliably prevent the plant 11 from falling or scattering.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the through hole 3e2 is a lifting through hole to which a lifting member 13 for lifting and moving the pallet 3 is attached. As the lifting member 13, a PP (polypropylene resin) band or the like can be used. The lifting member 13 is passed from the lower side through the through hole 3e2 of the joint mounting portion 3c facing each other, and the lower surface of the bottom portion 3a is supported by the loop portion. Then, both ends of the lifting member 13 are formed in an annular shape as shown in FIG. 7, and the pallet 3 can be lifted by being hooked on this.

  Further, when the locking member 12 is fixed to the through hole 3e1 and the lifting member 13 is attached to the through hole 3e2, the pallet 3 is lifted and moved while the plant 11 is planted, and the artificial green space A is removed. Can be reconstructed. When the pallet 3 is moved, the fasteners 19 and bolts connecting the pallets 3 are removed and the pallet 3 is moved for each pallet 3.

(Soil layer)
The soil layer 5 is disposed on the upper portion of the sheet 6 that covers the three-dimensional structure 7. The properties of the soil that constitutes the soil layer 5 are not particularly limited, and it is possible to use garden soil with fine particles, coarse sand with particles, or artificial lightweight soil. However, it is preferable to use artificial lightweight soil in order to reduce the load burden on the building.

  As the artificial lightweight soil, for example, an ALC (lightweight aerated concrete) panel can be used which is formed by mixing massive ALC crushed material formed by crushing ALC mill ends and massive palm chips. Such artificial lightweight soil has moderate water retention, drainage, fertilization and breathability, and has a small specific gravity and is extremely light. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a suitable environment for plants by performing appropriate water supply and fertilization.

  The thickness of the soil layer 5 is not limited and is preferably a depth corresponding to the soil thickness required by the plant to be cultivated. However, the soil layer 5 cannot be thickened indefinitely and should be set in relation to the allowable load capacity set in the building.

  It is preferable to form a surface layer made of bark or wood chips called mulching material on the surface of the soil layer 5. By forming such a surface layer, it becomes possible to suppress the evaporation of excessive moisture from the soil layer 5, to prevent the scattering of the soil and to prevent germination due to the arrival of seedlings other than the purpose, and When the surface of the soil layer is irrigated, it is possible to prevent a depression from being formed on the surface of the soil layer 5 and so on.

(Sheet)
It is preferable to provide a sheet 6 having a function of preventing entry of soil and plant roots and a function of absorbing water under the soil layer 5. Although the sheet | seat 6 permeate | transmits the water of soil, it does not let the soil and a plant root pass. Further, the sheet 6 covers the open surface of the three-dimensional structure 7 (the surface on which soil and roots may enter), and the lower end of the sheet 6 is wound around the lower part of the three-dimensional structure 7 so as to reach the bottom 3 a of the pallet 3. Is provided.

  The water sucked up from the water storage layer 4 by the sheet 6 can permeate the soil around the three-dimensional structure 7 and moisten the soil. Further, by preventing the entry of soil and plant roots by the sheet 6, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of water that can be stored in the water storage section and a decrease in the space of the ventilation layer 8 due to the movement of the soil into the three-dimensional structure 7. . Moreover, the root rot of a plant can be prevented by preventing the invasion of the plant root.

  The sheet 6 is preferably made of a material having a function of preventing soil and plant roots from entering and a function of absorbing water, and is not adversely affected by water with long-term use. For example, plant materials such as bark and birch, synthetic resin fiber nonwoven fabric, etc. (as an example of synthetic resin nonwoven fabric, Cordon (ester type) E-5100 made of Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd.) There is.

(Three-dimensional structure)
The three-dimensional structure 7 is placed inside the pallet 3 and supports the soil layer 5 at the top thereof. The three-dimensional structure 7 is formed such that the upper end thereof is higher than the water storage height of the pallet 3 (the height of the outer peripheral wall 3b or the discharge hole). The three-dimensional structure 7 is provided with voids in which moisture and air can flow in and out.

  Thereby, the water reservoir 4 can be formed inside the three-dimensional structure 7. Moreover, even if the amount of water storage increases, the ventilation layer 8 can be ensured between the water storage layer 4 and the soil layer 5 inside the three-dimensional structure 7.

  By securing the ventilation layer 8, air is supplied from the bottom of the soil, oxygen necessary for the plant can be taken in and gas generated from the plant can be discharged, and the root of the plant is not immersed in water. Can prevent root rot.

  The three-dimensional structure 7 is preferably a member that is not greatly bent or deformed when a person enters the artificial green space A when seeds or seedlings are planted in soil. That is, when a person enters the soil for planting seeds and seedlings, it is preferable that the person can act as a stable ground without being deformed by weight. The three-dimensional structure 7 is preferably a member having a sufficient gap so that the inside thereof can be used as the water storage layer 4 and the ventilation layer 8.

  As such a member, it is possible to use, for example, a wooden, synthetic resin, or metal cocoon child-like member (a cocoon child member). In addition, it is made of synthetic resin fibers with high hardness, and these synthetic resin fibers are entangled in a three-dimensional network (bunch-like shape) to form a plate, thereby having a high compressive strength, deformation resistance and porosity (three-dimensional network member) ) Can also be used.

  Since the water storage unit always retains water due to moderate rainfall, it is preferable to use a material that does not corrode under the influence of water due to the long-term use of the three-dimensional structure 7. Such a material is most preferably a synthetic resin.

  In the case where the saddle member is used, the space corresponding to the height of the leg portion can be used as the water storage layer 4 and the ventilation layer 8. In such a saddle member, by designing it with sufficient strength, even if a person enters the artificial green space A, it does not deform, and the water storage layer 4 and the ventilation layer 8 having a predetermined thickness are maintained. . Further, the soil layer 5 can be prevented from sinking and being flooded and causing root rot.

In addition, when a three-dimensional mesh member is used, it has a strength capable of supporting the weight of the soil layer previously placed on the top, the weight of the planted plant, and the weight of the person who has entered the artificial green space A. By designing in this way, it is possible to configure the water storage layer 4 or the ventilation layer 8 between the fibers without being deformed by the weight of the person who has entered the artificial green space A. Such a three-dimensional net-like member is provided with a water storage capacity of 90% or more of the volume and having no change in thickness. An example of such a three-dimensional network member is CP Geomat (Porosity: 92.4%, Apparent Density: 0.007 g / cm ³ , Fiber Diameter: 342 μm) manufactured by Nippon Poly Products Co., Ltd.

  And even when a three-dimensional mesh member is used, even if a person enters the artificial green space A, the water storage layer 4 and the ventilation layer 8 having a predetermined thickness are maintained, and the soil is maintained. It is possible to prevent the layer 5 from sinking and being submerged and causing root rot.

(Protruding member, water absorbing sheet)
The protruding member 9 has a protruding portion 9 a that protrudes from the upper surface of the three-dimensional structure 7. The projecting member 9 is arranged such that the projecting portion 9a is disposed in the soil layer 5 when a sufficient water absorption effect cannot be obtained with the sheet 6 alone, such as when the soil layer 5 exceeds a predetermined thickness (for example, 15 cm). Arranged on the pallet 3. Further, the protruding portion 9 a is covered with the water absorbing sheet 10, and the end of the water absorbing sheet 10 is further wound around the lower portion of the protruding member 9 to reach the bottom 3 a of the pallet 3. The protruding member 9 is covered with the water absorbent sheet 10 and has a function of maintaining the posture of the water absorbent sheet 10.

  The protruding member 9 is formed such that the height of the lower upright side is substantially the same as the height of the three-dimensional structure 7. The protruding member 9 is placed on the bottom 3 a of the pallet 3, so that the upper protruding portion 9 a is disposed on the soil layer 5 with the bottom entering the reservoir 4. Thereby, it becomes possible to install the protruding member 9 immovably, and it is possible to maintain a preferable installation state.

  The protruding portion 9a has been described as a part of the protruding member 9 that is separate from the three-dimensional structure 7. However, the protruding portion 9a may be integrated with the three-dimensional structure 7, or placed on top of the three-dimensional structure 7. But you can. That is, the projecting member 9 may be any member that can exhibit the function of forming the ridges of the water absorbent sheet 10 in the soil layer 5, and the shape and dimensions thereof are not particularly limited. However, the protruding member 9 has a higher effect of sucking up the water in the inclined shape as in this embodiment than in the upright shape.

  Moreover, the shape of a protrusion member can be set according to the object grown in soil. For example, when cultivating from seeds, the upper plane can be used as a floor by making the cross-sectional shape of the protruding member a quadrangle or hexagon that can form a plane on the upper part.

  Further, it is preferable that the projecting member 9 is lightened, and it is preferable that the projecting member 9 is not deformed or is little even with long-term use, and causes chemical change due to organic matter, water, fertilizer, etc. in the soil. Or those that do not adversely affect plants. Moreover, when installing in the soil layer 5, it is preferable that the installation position can be stably maintained. As the protruding member 9 having such a function, there is a synthetic resin foam having pressure resistance, and it is preferable that the protruding member 9 is molded by setting the expansion ratio of the synthetic resin to an appropriate ratio. Further, the protruding member 9 is preferably one that does not absorb water or that can be easily released even if there is water absorption so as not to hinder the supply of water to the soil. For example, a polyethylene foam (foaming ratio 30 times) can be used as such a member.

  When a projecting member made of a synthetic resin foam is used, it is possible to easily perform the operation of covering the periphery of the projecting member with the water absorbent sheet 10, and the projecting member covered with the water absorbent sheet 10 is installed in the soil layer. At this time, it is possible to hold the installation position in a stable state, and it is advantageous in terms of loading weight.

  A part of the water absorbent sheet 10 covering the protruding member 9 reaches below the water surface of the water storage layer 4 and has a function of sucking water from the end reaching the water storage layer 4 and supplying it to the soil. For this reason, any water-absorbing sheet-like member having the above function can be used as the water-absorbing sheet, and the material is not limited. As such a water-absorbing sheet, it is possible to use a non-woven fabric with high water absorption, and a material that is not adversely affected by water, microorganisms, etc. with long-term use, for example, a non-woven fabric made of synthetic resin fibers is used. It is preferable. For example, a greening sheet AKS-550 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Corporation can be used as the nonwoven fabric.

  The water absorbing sheet 10 does not necessarily need to cover the entire circumference including the bottom of the protruding member 9, and covers the surface (the protruding portion 9 a) located in the soil layer 5 to suck up the water in the reservoir 4 and supply it to the soil. It is possible to achieve the purpose. Therefore, the water absorbing sheet 10 is put on the upper part (projecting part 9a) of the projecting member 9 arranged in the soil layer 5 and the end part is hung, and the drooped end part reaches the water storage layer 4 to suck up water. Also good. In particular, it is preferable to allow a part of the water absorbent sheet 10 to reach the bottom of the water storage section because a stable water absorption function can be exhibited. Further, the water absorbent sheet 10 does not necessarily have to cover the protruding member 9 over the entire length, and a part of the protruding member 9 may be exposed.

  The space | interval and height of the some protrusion member 9 are not specifically limited. That is, the interval and height of the adjacent projecting members 9 can not be set uniquely, depending on various conditions such as the thickness of the soil layer 5, the water retention performance and drainage performance of the soil layer 5, the plant to be cultivated, etc. It is preferable to set and design appropriately.

  Further, the intervals and heights of the protruding members 9 arranged in the soil layer 5 do not have to be constant, and are preferably set as appropriate according to the type and arrangement of plants to be cultivated. That is, when a plant is planted in a certain area, it is preferable that a plurality of projecting members having the same height are arranged at regular intervals in a portion corresponding to this area. In addition, when planting grass and herbs or shrubs, projecting members with a height sufficient to supply water required by the plants to the surface on which the plants are cultivated are optimally spaced. Is preferably arranged.

(Curbstone of artificial green space)
The greening base structure formed as described above is surrounded by the curb 14. The curb 14 forms the outer edge of the artificial green space A by surrounding the periphery of the plurality of pallets 3 arranged. A discharge passage 14 a is formed at a predetermined position of the curb 14, and excess water overflowing from the pallet 3 onto the root-resistant layer 17 is discharged through the discharge passage 14 a. In addition, the curb 14 holds a root-resistant layer 17 (sheet) arranged so as to rise along the curb 14.

(Filler)
As shown in FIG. 6, a filler 15 is packed in the gap between the pallets and between the pallet 3 and the curb 14.

  As the filler 15, it is a member that is light and difficult to clog or absorb water, can prevent the inflow of soil into the drainage route, and is preferably a lightweight member with a particle size with good drainage and air permeability, A bead-like resin or mineral can be used. More preferably, obsidian perlite, shale, hydroball or the like can be used. Such a member contains a mineral and can purify water by activating bacteria.

  It is difficult to connect the pallets 3 without gaps, and when the curb 14 is placed on a curve and curved, and the outer edge of the artificial green space A is curved, a gap is formed between the pallet 3 and the square. . By disposing the filler 15 in the gap, it is possible to easily prevent the inflow of soil from the pallet 3, secure a drainage route for excess water overflowing from the pallet 3, and prevent the pallet 3 from shifting.

  In FIG. 6, in a relatively large gap between the pallet 3 and the curb 14, obsidian perlite is arranged in a state packed in the net so that the net can be deformed. If the filler 15 is packed in a net, it is convenient for handling when constructing a certain area, and the scattering of the filler 15 and the lifting due to the water level can be prevented.

  In addition, hydroballs (about φ2 mm to φ6 mm) are filled in relatively small gaps such as gaps between pallets 3 where it is difficult to use the net. Hydroballs have a higher specific gravity than obsidian perlite (obsidian specific gravity: about 0.3 when wet, hydroball specific gravity: about 0.6 when wet). Hard to occur.

(Water supply and drainage of tree planting infrastructure)
In the artificial green space A configured as described above, when the soil layer 4 is in a dry state, the water stored in the water storage layer 4 is sucked up by the sheet 6 and the water absorbing sheet 10. The water sucked up by the sheet 6 and the water absorbing sheet 10 is transferred to the soil constituting the soil layer 5 by the soil layer 5 and supplied. When the soil around each three-dimensional structure 7 and the protrusion 9a receives water from the sheet 6 and the water absorbent sheet 10, it is connected to the wet region by the water absorbent sheet 10 covering the adjacent protrusion 9a to form a wet boundary surface. Is done.

  The wet boundary surface in the soil layer 10 rises with time, and finally the entire region of the soil layer 5 is made a wet region and maintained. For this reason, soil can always maintain a moist state. When the water contained in the soil layer 5 is reduced by solar radiation or water absorption from the roots of plants, the water in the water storage layer 4 is sucked up by the water absorbing sheet 10 and replenished to the soil layer 5.

  Further, water is supplied and retained from the outside to the soil layer 5 during rainy weather or irrigation, and water that exceeds the water retention capacity of the soil layer 5 permeates the soil layer 5 and enters the pallet 3 (water storage section) and is stored. When the amount of water supplied by rain water, irrigation, or the like is large, water exceeding the water storage capacity of the pallet 3 (water storage unit) overflows from the pallet 3 and is quickly discharged without staying in the soil layer 5.

  As an application example of the present invention, it can be applied not only to the roof of a building, but also to a small open space where the lower side of a park or the like is made of asphalt, brick, or concrete surface, and is limited to a veranda of a high-rise house. It is effective when applied to space.

It is sectional drawing of the pallet-shaped greening base structure which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view of a pallet. It is sectional drawing of a pallet. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of a pallet-like greening base structure. It is explanatory drawing of restraint of a plant. (A) is explanatory drawing of the filler arrange | positioned on the boundary of an adjacent pallet. (B) is explanatory drawing of the filler arrange | positioned between a pallet and a curb. It is explanatory drawing of lifting of a pallet.

Explanation of symbols

A ... Artificial green area 1 ... Roof structure 2 ... Waterproof layer 3 ... Pallet 3a ... Bottom 3b ... Outer wall 3c ... Joint mounting part 3d ... Connection hole
3e1, 3e2 ... through hole 4 ... reservoir 5 ... soil layer 6 ... sheet 7 ... three-dimensional structure 8 ... breathing layer 9 ... projection member 9a ... projection
10 ... Water absorption sheet
11 ... plants
12 ... Locking member
13 ... Lifting member
14 ... Curb
14a ... Discharge passage
15 ... filler
16… Insulating layer
17 ... Root resistant layer
18… Drain outlet
19 ... Fastener

Claims (8)

A green base pallet comprising a bottom and an outer peripheral wall surrounding the bottom,
A pallet for a greening base, wherein at least one of a lifting through hole or a plant fixing hole is provided on the outer peripheral wall. A water storage section comprising a bottom and an outer peripheral wall surrounding the bottom;
A three-dimensional structure provided with a gap through which moisture and air can flow in and out;
A sheet having a soil and plant root intrusion prevention function and a water absorption function,
Cover the open surface of the three-dimensional structure with the sheet,
It is placed inside the water reservoir so that the upper end of the three-dimensional structure is higher than the water storage possible height of the water reservoir,
A greening base structure, wherein at least a part of the sheet is configured to be equal to or less than a water storage possible height of the water storage section. Providing a projecting portion that protrudes from the upper surface of the three-dimensional structure, covering the projecting portion with a water absorbent sheet, and further configuring a part of the water absorbent sheet to be less than or equal to the water storage possible height of the water reservoir. The greening base structure according to claim 2, wherein The greening base structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the water storage unit is unitized and has a pallet shape. The greening base structure according to claim 4, wherein a lifting through hole is provided in the outer peripheral wall. The planting base structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a plurality of plant fixing holes are provided in the outer peripheral wall, and a plurality of holes can be connected. A greening base system comprising a combination of a plurality of pallet-like greening base structures according to any one of claims 4 to 6 having different sizes. A greening base system configured by combining a plurality of pallet-like greening base structures according to any one of claims 4 to 6, or a greening base system according to claim 7,
Greening base system characterized by closing gaps between pallets and between pallets and curbs with fillers.

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