JP2006262712A - Greening structure and greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening structure designed so as to be controlled safely and easily, made of greening support material so as to be improved in safety and durability, improving environmental adaptability of plants, and thoughtful of reduction in uneven irrigation when watering or prevention of waterfall: and to provide a greening method. <P>SOLUTION: The greening structure is formed as follows: the floor surface of a passage (catwalk 11) comprises a porous wall (grating 16); a vegetation base board is put below the porous wall; and a sheet-like lattice material 34 having depth is put at the side of the passage; the passage comprises higher-place one; the sheet-like lattice material 34 having depth is used as a fall-preventive member; the vegetation base board comprises an external-internal double structured container 15; and water-discharge hole is formed at an inner container 13 charged with base material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a greening structure such as a wall surface and a greening method.

  In recent years, a heat island phenomenon caused by heat released from a concrete structure such as a building has become a big problem in urban areas. Therefore, in order to suppress such a heat island phenomenon, greening is performed on the walls of buildings and workpieces. This is intended to improve the design and ease the reflection of sunlight by planting the walls of buildings and workpieces.

  As a conventional technique for surface greening on the wall surface of buildings and structures, there are large methods of planting the ground part and climbing the plant along the wall surface, planting the roof part and planting the plant on the wall surface. There are three methods: a method of dripping along, a method of climbing or drooping by providing a planting medium for planting a plant on the wall, and a method of climbing a plant directly in a method of climbing or drooping along the wall, A mesh-like or net-like greening support material is installed, and a plant is climbed or dropped on this greening support material, planted on a planter fixed on the wall, etc., and dropped down, a block-shaped planter is piled up, A method of directly fixing a panel-like greening base to the wall surface can be mentioned.

Most of the methods for installing the greening support material use a mesh body such as mesh steel material or resin net material, and Patent Document 1 below is one of them.
JP-A-10-313692 (wall greening panel and wall greening method using the panel)

  As shown in FIG. 11, this Patent Document 1 includes a storage body 4 for storing the seeds and soil of a vine plant, and a holding body 1 for holding a vine plant that grows from the seeds in the storage body 4. The wall greening panel 8 is characterized in that the holding body 1 and the storage body 4 are formed in a net shape. The holding body 1 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape on the front side, and the entire structure is formed in a substantially net shape by laying a metal mesh 3 vertically and horizontally on the outer frame 2. The storage body 4 is for storing vine plant seeds, soil, and the like, and is formed in a substantially box-like shape with the extended portion 5 formed by extending the holding body 1 downward. .

  First, artificial soil 6 containing vine plant seeds is stored in the storage body 4 of the wall surface greening panel 8. The seed contained in the artificial soil 6 germinates and the vine plant 7 grows.

  And after the vine plant 7 grows up and it becomes in a prosperous state, the wall surface greening panel 8 is installed in wall surfaces, such as a building and a structure.

Further, in Patent Document 2 below, a planting base used for greening of a veranda, a terrace, a fence, etc. in an apartment house, a detached house, an office building, a hotel, etc., has a waterproof property and has an open top. The thing provided with the planting container, the planting soil provided in this planting container, and the panel installed on the planting container in the state which covers this planting soil is proposed.
JP 11-32589 A (planting base)

  According to Patent Document 2, planting soil is provided in a planting container, and a panel is installed on the planting container. Therefore, the planting soil has a planting function in the planting container. The panel will function as a floor. Therefore, it becomes possible to utilize the upper space of the planting base which was difficult to use in the conventional pot. Moreover, a plant can be planted at any point on a veranda or the like by removing a panel at an arbitrary point to be planted. Furthermore, since it becomes possible to lay plant-growing soil all over the panel, which is the floor surface, soil as a plant-growing base is sufficiently secured as compared with conventional pots.

  In the greening support material of the net-like body as described in Patent Document 1, the plants applied to this are limited to the beard type and the winding vine type, and the plant of the attached root type (the koji nobori type) originally excellent in climbing ability Cannot adapt.

  In addition, many plants suffer from withering due to the effects of wind damage when plants are directly exposed to the wind. In order to improve this problem, a sheet such as a non-woven fabric is sometimes attached to the net-like body, but the presence of the sheet hinders view, daylighting, ventilation, and the like.

  Furthermore, the storage body 4 (corresponding to a planter), which is the planting base, is inevitably elongated and matches the root area that extends in the original horizontal direction with a sufficient depth. It is also an obstacle to healthy growth. In addition, a sufficient amount of soil is not secured, and there is a risk of poor growth due to insufficient irrigation.

  In Patent Document 2, since it can have both the function of the original planting base and the function of the floor surface, it becomes possible to effectively use a limited space, and the soil as a plant growth base is sufficient. It is possible to cultivate plants with a size that was difficult to grow with conventional planting pots, but considering that plants are climbed. However, it does not contribute directly to the greening of the walls.

  In Patent Document 2, the planting base is installed on the veranda of an apartment, for example. To grow a plant, first, the panel for transplanting the plant is removed to create an opening, and the plant is planted in the planting soil below the part. Therefore, the planting position is limited to the opening from which such a panel is removed. Also, vine plants are supposed to be entangled in the railings installed on the veranda, but sufficient climbability cannot be ensured.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconveniences of the conventional example, and to make the management at a high place safe and easy. Further, the greening support material can improve the safety and durability, and the environment of the plant. The object is to provide a greening structure and a greening method that can improve adaptability, reduce irrigation unevenness during irrigation, and prevent falling water.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a tree planting structure in which, firstly, the floor surface of the passage is a porous wall, a planting base is disposed in the lower portion thereof, and the side surface of the passage has a depth. Second, the passage is for high places, and the planar lattice material with depth is a fall prevention member, and third, the cat is provided on the outer periphery of the building frame. The fourth point is that the planting base is a container having an inner and outer double bottom structure, and a drain hole is formed in the inner container filled with the base material.

  Further, as a greening method, in any of the greening structures described above, the above-ground part of the plant planted on the planting base passes through the floor surface of the passage and is arranged in the vicinity of the planar lattice material on the side of the passage. It is the gist of what is done.

  According to the first and fifth aspects of the present invention, since the planting base is disposed in the lower part of the passage such as a walkway or a sidewalk, the soil width and amount for the passage width are secured, and sufficient plant Training space can be secured. In addition, since the planar lattice material has a thickness, that is, depth, the plant is not only wrapped around or attached to the planar lattice material, but is also supported by the horizontal plane portion, and it is reliably climbed both vertically and horizontally. -Can be supported. In addition, it is possible to secure a view, daylighting, and air permeability, and by providing a depth (thickness), it is possible to obtain a structure that is hardly affected by strong winds.

  Furthermore, since the floor surface of the passage is a perforated wall such as a scallop-like wall and has a water permeable / ventilated structure, it is easy to take rainwater or the like into the planting base. In addition, plants can freely pass through holes in the floor surface, and can be climbed and supported by a planar lattice material. Depending on the situation, when opening a removable opening on the floor surface for plant transplantation, etc. You can choose the right place.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the passage is for walking in a high place, the planar lattice material also serves as a fall-preventing member, and is a linear body such as a conventional mesh steel material or resin net material. Unlike the greening support material using a mesh or a net-like material, it is safe as a high-rise exterior material, and unlike a landscape material that harmonizes with plants, it has high durability, excellent safety, and design properties Even better.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, a catwalk is installed between the planar lattice material and the outer wall of the building as a walkway in a high place, and a planting base is located below the catwalk, and the catwalk Can be used both for plant management and for external wall maintenance.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the planting base is a container having an inner and outer double bottom structure so that excess water does not fall directly downstairs.

  As described above, the greening structure and the greening method of the present invention enables planting at a desired position even at a high place, and the width and length of containers and soil as plant planting bases are wide. Since the plant is sufficiently secured in terms of height and capacity, the plant can be cultivated well, and the space for climbing and supporting the plant is ensured by the planar grid material, ensuring the view, daylighting and ventilation. Yes, it is difficult to be affected by strong winds. Furthermore, specific effects will be described as follows.

[A planar lattice material as a greening support material]
By providing this planar lattice material, the durability and safety of the equipment are improved, and the space for attachment can be expanded as well as the winding of the plant, so it is possible to attach to attached root type plants (Hedera and Ivy). Application expansion is possible. In addition, it is possible to consider the cityscape while ensuring the view, daylighting and air permeability, and it is possible to make the structure difficult to be affected by strong winds.
[Catwalk integrated planting base]
By storing a container such as a planter in the lower part of the catwalk, it becomes a safe management passage without obstacles, and it is possible to secure a sufficient soil width and amount without obstructing traffic. Moreover, it contributes to landscape consideration from the indoor side.
[Bottom irrigation storage type planter]
Water is stored on the bottom surface of the inner container, and uneven irrigation can be reduced by capillary water.
[Double bottom structure of planter]
Excess water can be prevented from falling, and heat transfer to the inner container can be mitigated.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the greening structure of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of FIG. This is the case.

  The catwalk 11 is configured by supporting a container (planter) 15 having an inner and outer double bottom structure by a combination of an inner container 13 and an outer container 14 with a support member 12 such as a steel beam member.

  On the upper opening surface of the container 15, a slat-like grating 16 was installed as a porous wall of a water-permeable / ventilating structure forming the floor surface of the passage. The grating 16 is formed by arranging rod-like members 16a (metal square members) corresponding to a drainboard plate with an interval of about 25 mm, for example, and connected to each other by a connecting member 16b (see FIG. 3). The floor surface of the catwalk 11 is formed with the grating 16 as such a porous wall. The grating 16 may be formed as a plurality of panels (floor material). In this case, the floor of the catwalk 11 can be easily removed at any position to provide an opening. It is convenient to perform management work such as transplantation. Further, the grating (porous wall) 16 is not limited to metal, and may be made of flame-retardant plastic or wood according to the implementation status of the present invention.

  FIG. 3 shows details of the catwalk 11, and an angle member 18 is attached to the building frame 10 via anchor bolts 17. The angle member 18 is fixed by an anchor bolt 17 so that the position can be adjusted by a loose hole.

  An angle-shaped mounting bracket 19 welded to the angle member 18 is bolted with an angle-shaped fixed bracket 20 welded to the bottom of the outer container 14 with a liner material 21 therebetween, and the width of the bottom of the outer container 14 is secured. One side of the direction is supported by the angle member 18.

  The other side in the width direction of the bottom of the outer container 14 is placed on the support member 12, and the tip of the pressing bolt 23 provided on the crank-shaped fixed hardware 22 welded to the bottom of the outer container 14 is supported by the support member 12. Is fixed to the support member 12 by pressing.

  Each of the inner container 13 and the outer container 14 is, for example, a steel box including a side plate and a bottom plate, and the upper ends of the left and right side plates are bent inward to form inward flanges 13a and 14a.

  The grating 16 is placed on the flange 14a of the outer container 14 and fixed with a bolt or the like.

  Further, the inner container 13 has a rubber spacer 24 interposed in the outer container 14 below the bottom, and is further placed on one side (the side opposite to the building housing 10) in the outer container 14 so that the building housing 10 side. Then, it fixes with the gap stop 26 by the board body bolted so that the space | interval 25 may exist between the outer containers 14. FIG.

  The inner container 13 is filled with a soil 27 as a base material. Further, it is desirable to lay a water-permeable grass-proof sheet (not shown) on the surface of the filled soil 27. A drain hole 28 is formed at a position slightly above the bottom plate on the side plate of the inner container 13. A net member (not shown) is attached to the drain hole 28 to prevent the soil 27 from flowing out.

  The inner container 13 is filled with a soil 27 as a planting base material, and a drain hole 28 is formed at a position slightly above the bottom plate on the side plate of the inner container 13.

  In addition, an overflow hole 29 is provided at a position slightly above the position of the drain hole 28 in the side plate of the outer container 14, and a drain pipe 30 is disposed at the space 25. In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a drain cover made of a cylindrical net covering the inlet of the drain pipe 30. The drain pipe 30 is connected to a drain pipe 38 (see FIG. 1).

  As shown in FIG. 4, the outer container 14 has a larger side plate than the inner container 13, has a height, and is provided for installing the irrigation hose 33 at the center of the upper ends of the left and right side plates (without the flange 14 a). A notch 32 was formed.

  A planar lattice material having a depth which is a set of eaves 34a (see FIG. 2) which is formed by a horizontal surface portion and a vertical surface portion on the outer side (the side opposite to the building housing 10) on the side of the catwalk 11 which is the passage. 34 was installed. The planar lattice material 34 having a depth is formed by casting or welding of a metal such as aluminum or an alloy thereof. As an example, one size of the flange 34a is 100 mm × 100 mm, and the depth is 40 mm. The planar lattice material 34 is not limited to the lattice looper shape, and may be configured as shown in FIGS. Furthermore, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the inner peripheral surface 34b of the planar grid | lattice material 34 can be formed as a rough surface, and it can also make winding of a plant and attachment easier. This rough surface is due to, for example, a satin surface that is dotted with small protrusions or a large number of protruding protrusions that are spaced apart from each other.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the planar lattice material 34 having the depth is fixed to a base four-side frame 35 with bolts, and the base four-side frame 35 is fixed to the building housing 10 side by a bracket 36 (FIG. (See also 5). The container 15 is formed with a recess 37 for accommodating the bracket 36 (FIGS. 4 and 5) so that the planar lattice member 34 having a depth on the side of the catwalk 11 does not move far away. Considered.

  In this way, as shown in FIG. 1, the catwalk 11 is formed on the outdoor side of the building housing 10, and the planar lattice material 34 having a depth as a fall-preventing member is further arranged on the outdoor side, A container 15 as a planting base is disposed below the catwalk 11. In the figure, 39 is a window glass.

  The soil 27 to be filled in the inner container 13 of the container 15 is not particularly limited, but lightweight culture soil mainly composed of pearlite is suitable. As this lightweight culture soil, trade name keisoyle, etc., which is excellent in water retention and drainage, and can be used as a base material for middle and high trees with a soil thickness of 30 cm to 50 cm. The soil 27 may be artificial soil such as rock wool or artificial sphagnum. Further, the soil 27 as the base material can be a soil substitute such as a sponge.

  Moreover, as the plant 7 which can be planted, typically a vine plant, for example, Carolina jasmine, Hedera, Teikazura, Tsukinuki Nindo, Clematis, ivy (Nuts ivy) is mentioned. In addition to vines, they may be small shrubs (such as bushwood, body garden, etc.) or herbs (shaga, camellia, etc.). These plants can be either evergreen or deciduous.

  The plant 7 planted on the planting base extends through the floor of the catwalk 11, that is, out of the hole that is the gap of the grating (porous wall) 16, and has a depth. It is climbed and supported along the planar lattice material 34, and a green wall module can be formed. The hole (gap) of the grating 16 can be appropriately set to a size or shape that allows the planted plant 7 to pass through. Moreover, it is not necessary for the holes of the grating 16 to have the same size and shape. For example, the holes of the planar lattice material 34 on the passage floor may be enlarged so that the plant 7 can easily pass through the floor. Preferably, when the notch 16c as shown in FIG. 2 is provided in the grating 16, and the above-ground part of the plant 7 passes through the notch 16c, there is little risk of damaging the plant 7 during management work or the like.

  By using the planar lattice material 34 having a depth as a greening support material, a structure having a surface and a depth can be created, and an environment capable of fixing an attached root type plant can be created.

  In addition, it is possible to green the wall while ensuring ventilation, daylighting and visibility. The depth portion becomes a fixing space for the attached root, and an attached root type plant (Hedera, ivy, etc.) can be applied. By giving depth, it also plays a role of reducing the influence of wind on the plant 7. A noise reduction effect due to the interaction between the planar lattice material 34 having a depth and the greening plant 7 can also be expected.

  If the planar lattice material 34 is made of a material having water absorption and water retention, the plant 7 can be further fixed. Similarly, the inner peripheral surface 34b may be roughened as described above, or a cut may be formed.

  The catwalk 11 stores a container 15 serving as a planting base in the lower part, and the presence of the container 15 does not hinder the walking of the catwalk 11. In addition, the catwalk 11 is located between the planar lattice material 34 having a depth and the outer wall of the building frame 10, and also serves as a promenade, and is used for the management of the plant 7 of the container 15 and the maintenance of the outer wall. Can be used together.

  Furthermore, by storing the planting base under the catwalk 11, a wide base shape can be secured, so that the shape is suitable for the root region of the vine. Furthermore, since the load of the base material (the soil 27) is dispersed, the burden on the structure support member is reduced.

  Irrigation is partly covered with rain water, and the rest is performed with the irrigation hose 33. Rainwater passes through the planar lattice material 34 having a depth and the grating 16 and is poured directly onto the soil 27 in the inner container 13.

  In addition, the water supply to the irrigation hose 33 can be made into a system in which rainwater that has fallen on the rooftop and the rooftop greening section are permeated to collect discharged wastewater and reuse it.

  Since the container 15 itself has a double bottom structure of the outer container 14 and the inner container 13, excess water does not escape from the drain hole 28 of the inner container 13 to the outer container 14 and directly fall downstairs. . Moreover, the drain hole 28 can be made into a bottom water storage type by providing this at a position slightly above the bottom plate of the inner container 13a, and has a structure that reduces irrigation unevenness by capillary water. It is possible to further improve irrigation unevenness and water retention by laying a highly water-absorbing sponge mat or the like in the bottom water storage portion.

  The water that has flowed out to the outer container 14 flows into the drain pipe 38 from the inlet of the drain pipe 30 and is discharged.

  The fact that the container 15 has a double bottom structure also has the effect of relaxing heat transfer to the inner container 13 and stabilizing the temperature of the soil 27.

  The above is the case where the catwalk 11 is provided on the outer periphery of the building frame 10 as a passage such as a walkway or a sidewalk. In addition to this, the present invention is also applicable to a sidewalk portion of a bridge as a passage such as a walkway or a sidewalk. Is possible.

  FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show an example. A roadway 41 is formed on a bridge frame 40, and a sidewalk 43 is formed with a curb 42 as a boundary line.

  The floor surface of the sidewalk 43, which is a passage such as a walkway or sidewalk, is formed with a water-permeable / ventilated structure as a sword-like porous wall 16 with, for example, a wood deck 44, and a soil 27 as a planting base is provided below it through a root-proof sheet (not shown). In addition, a planar lattice material 34 having a depth is installed on the side of the passage. In the figure, reference numeral 46 denotes a support material for the wood deck 44. Although not shown, for example, the curb 42 is formed with a drain hole for discharging excess water from the soil 27.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, the planar lattice member 34 has a depth that is a set of ridges 34a of a horizontal plane portion and a vertical plane portion, and may be a short one that also serves as a balustrade as a balustrade.

  The plant 7 extends upward from the gap of the wood deck 44, and is climbed and supported along the planar lattice material 34 having a depth, so that a green wall module can be formed.

It is a perspective view which shows 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a perspective view of the principal part which shows 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a vertical side view of the principal part which shows 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a perspective view of the container (planter) used by 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a top view of the container (planter) used by 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a front view of the planar lattice material with the depth used in 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a vertical side view of the planar lattice material with the depth used in the first embodiment of the greening structure of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional top view of the planar lattice material with the depth used in 1st Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a vertical front view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the greening structure of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows a prior art example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd example of a planar lattice material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd example of a planar lattice material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 4th example of a planar lattice material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 5th example of a planar lattice material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 6th example of a planar lattice material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 7th example of a planar lattice material.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Holding body 2 ... Frame 3 ... Wire mesh 4 ... Storage body 5 ... Extension part 6 ... Artificial soil 7 ... Plant 8 ... Wall greening panel 10 ... Building frame 11 ... Catwalk (passage)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Support member 13 ... Inner container 14 ... Outer container 13a, 14a ... Flange 15 ... Container (planter) 16 ... Grating (porous wall)
16a ... Rod-like material 16b ... Connecting material 16c ... Notch 17 ... Anchor bolt 18 ... Angle material 19 ... Mounting hardware 20 ... Fixed hardware 21 ... Liner material 22 ... Fixed hardware 23 ... Pressing bolt 24 ... Spacer 25 ... Spacing 26 ... Misalignment Stop 27 ... Earth 28 ... Drain hole 29 ... Overflow hole 30 ... Drain pipe 31 ... Drain cover 32 ... Notch 33 ... Irrigation hose 34 ... Planar lattice material 34a ... Saddle 34b ... Inner peripheral surface 35 ... Underground four-sided frame 36 ... Bracket 37 ... Recess 38 ... Drain pipe 39 ... Window glass 40 ... Bridge frame 41 ... Roadway 42 ... Curb 43 ... Sidewalk 44 ... Wood deck 46 ... Support material

Claims (5)

  A tree planting structure characterized in that a floor surface of a passage is a porous wall, a planting base is disposed at a lower portion thereof, and a planar lattice material having a depth is disposed at a side of the passage.   The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the passage is for a high place, and the planar lattice material having a depth serves as a fall prevention member.   The tree planting structure according to claim 2, wherein the passage is a catwalk provided on an outer peripheral portion of the building frame.   The tree planting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the planting base is a container having an inner and outer double bottom structure, and a drain hole is formed in the inner container filled with the base material.   The tree planting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the above-ground portion of the plant planted on the planting base passes through the floor surface of the passage and in the vicinity of the planar lattice material on the side of the passage. A greening method characterized by being arranged.

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