JP4401128B2 - Artificial green space - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to put that artificial greenery to a so-called building greening structure greening the veranda or the roof or the wall, in particular, when constituting the artificial greenery and a moisture-holding layer and the soil layer, this layer of soil it relates artificial greenery that adapted to maintain the soil in wet state by supply of water via the water seat against.

  In order to cope with the heat island phenomenon in the city, so-called greening of buildings is being promoted in which verandas, roofs or walls are greened. Even the roofs in urban areas are not all high-rise buildings, and the roof area of detached houses occupies an overwhelmingly large area. Therefore, realizing the greening of these detached houses will contribute to the mitigation of the heat island phenomenon.

  There are many problems to be solved when trying to green a detached house. One of them is the problem of maintaining the wet state of the soil. That is, for example, in a rooftop green area formed in a building, it is impossible to form a soil layer with an unlimited thickness in terms of the allowable load capacity of the building, and the thickness of the soil layer must be reduced. For this reason, there exists a problem that soil is easy to dry, and it is necessary to solve by what method water is supplied in order to maintain the wet state of soil.

  As a technique to solve the above problem, for example, a root guard that prevents the extruding of plant hair roots is arranged on the top of the waterproof layer on the roof, and rainwater and irrigation are retained and drained on this root guard, and the retained moisture is removed. In order to supply to the root of the plant and hold the soil, a drain plate in which a water retaining portion and a drainage portion are integrally formed is provided, and a planting layer is provided on the drain plate and the planting layer and the drain plate are provided. It has been proposed to connect by fixing means, and further spray plant seedlings on the planting layer and protect them with a protective net (see Patent Document 1).

  In this technique, water is retained in the concave portion provided in the drain plate, and when the amount of supplied water increases and overflows from the concave portion, this water can be removed through the hole provided in the convex portion. Therefore, it is possible to always hold a certain amount of water, and it is possible to form a low-cost garden on the roof or roof of a building that is quick to construct.

  In addition, as another technique (second known example) for maintaining the wet state of the soil, the green space formed with the water retaining layer and the soil layer can be sprayed for a certain time every certain time every day. There are also things. This technology includes a valve mechanism including a water spigot and a timer for controlling the valve mechanism in order to sprinkle for a certain period of time at a preset time (adjusting the set time and the number of sets according to the season). A control device is provided.

JP 2000-125622 A

  In the technique of Patent Document 1, although water can be retained in the drain plate, there is no function of actively supplying the retained water to the soil, and when the soil is moistened, water is supplied by watering or the like. Is required. That is, if the root of the plant seedling planted in the soil extends and reaches the drain plate, the plant seedling can directly absorb water. However, when cultivating seeds or seedlings with short roots, or to enjoy planting from seeds, there is a problem that water supply to the soil from the outside is essential.

  In the second known example, although the soil can always be moistened, water is supplied for a preset time at every preset time regardless of the weather. As a result, the water supply is wasted and the root rot of the plant may occur, which is not favorable in terms of environment and economy.

  As described above, in the technique of Patent Document 1 and the technique of the second known example, the water retaining layer has a function of storing water, but is not configured to supply the stored water to the soil, and the water is retained. Water does not keep the soil layer moist. In such a green space, when a plant is cultivated from a seed or a seedling of a plant having a short root is cultivated, frequent frequent water supply to the soil is essential.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a water supply method that can use natural rainwater for the most part, maintain soil in a moist state without excessive water supply, and reduce the load load without requiring manual labor. To provide an artificial green space.

In order to solve the above problems, an artificial green space according to the present invention is an artificial green space in a greening structure of a building, a water retention layer for retaining water, a soil layer laid on the water retention layer, and the soil It has a three-dimensional structure composed of triangular arrangement synthetic resin foam at predetermined intervals in the layer, and arranged water sheet so that a part covering the three-dimensional structure reaches the bottom of the water-retaining layer Configured.

The artificial green space according to the present invention is an artificial green space in a greening structure of a building, and includes a water retaining layer that retains water, a soil layer that is laid on the water retaining layer, and a bottom that constitutes the water retaining layer. From the joint between the three-dimensional structure that is made immovable by being sandwiched between the members and arranged so that the top part protrudes from the soil layer, and the member that covers the three-dimensional structure and whose both ends constitute the water retention layer pendent and a water absorption sheet arranged so as to reach the bottom of the water-retaining layer are those composed.

  In the above-mentioned artificial green space, it becomes possible to always moisten the soil layer placed on the upper part of the water retention layer, to widen the selection range of the state of the plant to be cultivated, and to broaden the application of artificial green space The degree of freedom of use can be increased.

The following describes the best mode for carrying out the artificial greenery of the present invention.

  In addition, the artificial green space according to the present invention is composed of a water retention layer and a soil layer, and is configured to be able to supply water to the soil by sucking up the water retained in the water retention layer with a water absorbent sheet, without the need for manpower. In addition, it is possible to wet the soil by always supplying water according to the dry state of the soil.

In the present invention, the greening structure of the building is a panel such as a concrete slab, a concrete panel, or a lightweight cellular concrete panel (ALC panel) , such as a rooftop including a veranda or roof of a building, a bay window or a flower bed. Or it is comprised in the site | part formed with the metal plate, wooden structure, tile, etc. The water supply method and artificial green space of the present invention can be employed when greening the entire area of the veranda, the rooftop, or the wall, or partially greening.

  When greening a veranda or rooftop, an artificial green area including a water retention layer and a soil layer is constructed on these floors, and flowers, herbs, lawns, ground plants, and shrubs are planted in this artificial green area. The garden can be configured to green the veranda and rooftop. In addition, when greening the walls, the artificial green space including the water retaining layer and soil layer is composed of a part of the veranda, a flower bed, a climbing type from the ground, and a hanging type from the rooftop. It is possible to plan the greening of the wall surface by tangling it with a fence provided along the wall surface of the building.

  The building greening structure of the present invention has a water retaining layer and a soil layer. The water retention layer is formed below the soil layer, and is configured so as to be able to retain the supplied water by watering the soil layer or directly to the water retention layer.

  The structure of the water retention layer may be anything that can hold a preset amount of water, and the weight including all of the water retention layer, soil layer, planting, etc. must be within the allowable load load range of the building. However, when seeds or seedlings are planted in the soil, it is preferable that when a person enters the soil layer, it does not flex or deform greatly. That is, when a person enters the soil for planting seeds and seedlings, it is preferable that the person can act as a stable ground without being deformed by weight.

  When the water retention layer as described above is configured, it is preferable to use a member having sufficient water retention. As such a member, it is possible to use, for example, a wooden, synthetic resin or metal cocoon child-like member (coffin child member), which is made of a synthetic resin fiber having a high hardness. It is also possible to use a member (bunch plate member) having compression resistance by being entangled in a plate shape and formed into a plate shape. With such a structure, a person can work from above the soil.

  In the case where the hook member is used, a space corresponding to the height of the leg portion can be formed, and this space can be used as a water retaining space. In such a cocoon member, it is possible to exert a sense of the ground as a stable soil layer by designing it with sufficient strength and without deforming even if a person enters the soil. Of course, it is possible to prevent the water retention from being discharged.

  In addition, when using a hem plate member, the weight of the soil layer previously placed on the top, the weight of the planted plant, and the strength that can support the weight of the person who has entered the soil can be exhibited. By designing it, the water retaining space can be constituted by the space between the fibers without being deformed by the weight of the person who has entered the soil. Such a platy plate-like member is provided with a water retention capacity of 90% or more of the volume and having no change in thickness.

  Since the water retention layer always retains water due to moderate rain, it is preferable to use a material that does not corrode under the influence of water due to the use of the member constituting the water retention layer for a long period of time. Such a material is most preferably a synthetic resin.

  The configuration of the lower side of the water retention layer is not particularly limited, but it should not impede the veranda or the rooftop of the building below the water retention layer. For this reason, the total weight of the rooftop green space does not affect the building finish surface between the lower part of the water reservoir and the building structure (for example, ALC panel), and is stored in the water reservoir. A building protective layer capable of preventing water from entering the structure and preventing roots of plants planted in the soil layer from damaging the structure. It is preferable to provide it.

  As the building protective layer, a synthetic resin dish-shaped member having a predetermined dimension, a protective sheet formed by combining a waterproof sheet having high waterproof properties and a root-proof sheet through which plant roots cannot pass, etc. Is preferably used.

  It is preferable that the water retaining layer is capable of storing a predetermined number of days of water required by the target artificial green space. For this reason, the thickness (depth) of the water retention layer is the type of plant cultivated in the artificial green space. The water retention performance of the soil that constitutes the soil layer, the thickness of the soil layer, and water supply from the outside to the soil layer It is preferable to design in consideration of conditions such as the mechanism and the allowable load capacity of the building.

  It is not necessary for the water retaining layer to be able to store an unlimited amount of water, and it is preferable that the water retaining layer be configured to drain the excess when the amount of water set for each water retaining layer is exceeded. In other words, the water retention depth in the water retention layer is set, and when the water supplied by rain or sprinkling exceeds the water retention depth, the allowable load capacity of the building will not be exceeded by overflow drainage. It is preferable to provide a drain outlet.

  The structure for discharging the overflowed water is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that there is no risk of staying around the artificial green space and moistening the members constituting the artificial green space. That is, it is preferable that the water overflowed from the water retaining layer is quickly discharged from the artificial green space by, for example, pouring it into the ridge so as not to affect the rooftop of the building and the structure constituting the rooftop. .

  In this way, by restricting the amount of water that can be retained in the reservoir, it becomes possible to maintain a stable load without exceeding the loading load that the building should bear, and by quickly discharging the overflowed water, It does not adversely affect the components and buildings that make up the artificial green space.

  A soil layer is arranged above the water retention layer. The nature of the soil that constitutes the soil layer is not particularly limited, and it is possible to use garden soil with fine particles, coarse sand with particles, or artificial lightweight soil. However, it is preferable to use artificial lightweight soil in order to reduce the load burden on the building.

  Artificial lightweight soil, for example, can be formed by crushing offcuts generated at the manufacturing site of ALC panels, has a wide range of particle sizes, has moderate water retention, drainage and breathability, and specific gravity Is extremely lightweight. Even such an artificial lightweight soil has an appropriate water retention capacity, so it is possible to retain nutrients given from the outside.

  It is preferable that the soil which comprises the soil layer arrange | positioned at the upper part of a water retention layer does not move to a water retention layer. When the soil moves to the water retention layer, the amount of water that can be retained in the water retention layer is reduced, and there is a possibility that effective water supply cannot be secured, and drainage performance is reduced.

  For this reason, it is preferable to provide a water permeable layer between the water retention layer and the soil layer that allows the water of the soil to pass therethrough but does not allow the soil to pass therethrough. The water permeable layer may be any layer as long as it has a function of permeating water and preventing passage of granular soil, and does not limit the structure or material. Examples of such a function include plant materials such as bark and birch, nonwoven fabrics, and the like, any of which can be used.

  It is preferably a material that has a structure that does not allow the soil to pass though it has high water permeability, and that is not adversely affected by water with long-term use. A nonwoven fabric using synthetic resin fibers is preferable.

  As described above, it is preferable to use artificial lightweight soil as the soil layer, and it is desirable that the soil layer be lightweight soil having a weight per cubic meter of 1 ton or less. In particular, artificial lightweight soil made of ALC material can be preferably used because it has high water retention and good drainage. That is, in the artificial lightweight soil using ALC as a material, it is possible to store a substantially constant amount of water according to the volume of the artificial lightweight soil, and it is possible to quickly drain water exceeding this amount. . Therefore, it is possible to maintain a steady wet state by performing appropriate water supply.

  The thickness of the soil layer is not limited, and is preferably a depth corresponding to the soil thickness required by the plant to be cultivated. However, the thickness of the soil layer cannot be increased without limit, and should be set in relation to the allowable load capacity set for the building.

  A plurality of three-dimensional structures arranged in the soil layer are covered with a water absorbent sheet and have a function of maintaining the posture of the water absorbent sheet. For this reason, as a three-dimensional structure, what is necessary is just to be able to exhibit the function which forms the protrusion of a water absorption sheet in a soil layer, and a shape and a dimension are not specifically limited.

  Therefore, as the three-dimensional structure, for example, a polygonal column such as a triangular column or a quadrangular column, or a columnar body can be used. In addition, when a rod-shaped member is arranged at a predetermined depth in the soil layer and a water absorbing sheet is hooked on the rod-shaped member and installed, the rod-shaped member also constitutes a three-dimensional structure. Thus, the three-dimensional structure in the present invention includes any structure that can form the ridges of the water-absorbing sheet in the soil layer.

  It is preferable to reduce the weight even in the case of a three-dimensional structure, and it is preferable that there is little or no deformation with long-term use, and chemical changes are caused by soil organic matter, water, fertilizer, etc. Those that do not adversely affect plants are preferred. Moreover, when installing in a soil layer, it is preferable that the installation position can be stably maintained. As the three-dimensional structure having such a function, there is a synthetic resin foam, which is preferably molded by setting the foaming ratio of the synthetic resin to an appropriate ratio.

  The shape of the three-dimensional structure can be set according to the object to be cultivated in the soil. For example, when cultivating from seeds, it is possible to use the upper plane as a floor by making the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional structure a square or hexagon that can form a plane on the upper part. Moreover, when cultivating from a seedling, the cross-sectional shape of a three-dimensional structure is not limited at all.

  When a three-dimensional structure made of a synthetic resin foam is used, it is possible to easily cover the periphery of the three-dimensional structure with a water absorbent sheet, and the three-dimensional structure covered with the water absorbent sheet is installed in the soil layer. When this is done, it is possible to hold the installation position in a stable state. Thus, using a synthetic resin foam as the three-dimensional structure is advantageous in terms of loading weight.

  When the three-dimensional structure is installed in the soil layer, the three-dimensional structure does not necessarily have to be placed on the upper part of the water retention layer, and may be installed with the bottom part entering the water retention layer. That is, the entire three-dimensional structure does not need to be in the soil layer, and a part thereof may be disposed in the water retention layer. In particular, by arranging the bottom portion side by side between the water retention layers and the top portion in the soil layer, the three-dimensional structure can be installed immovably, and can be installed in a preferable state.

  A part of the water absorbent sheet covering the three-dimensional structure reaches below the water surface of the water retention layer (water retention), and has a function of sucking up water from the end reaching the water retention and supplying water to the soil. For this reason, as a water absorption sheet, if it is a sheet-like member which has the said function, it can be utilized, and a material is not limited. As such a water-absorbing sheet, it is possible to use a nonwoven fabric with high water absorption, and it is preferable to use a material that is not adversely affected by water with long-term use, for example, a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin fibers. .

  The water absorbing sheet does not necessarily need to cover the entire circumference including the bottom of the three-dimensional structure, and by covering the surface located in the soil layer, the purpose of sucking up the water stored in the water retaining layer and supplying it to the soil is achieved. It is possible. Therefore, it is possible to cover the water absorbing sheet from the upper part of the three-dimensional structure arranged in the soil layer, hang the end, and let the suspended end reach the water retention of the water retention layer to suck up the water. In particular, it is preferable to allow a part of the water absorbing sheet to reach the lower part (bottom part) of the water retaining layer because a stable water absorbing function can be exhibited. Moreover, the water absorbing sheet does not necessarily need to cover the three-dimensional structure over the entire length, and may be in a state where a part of the three-dimensional structure is exposed.

  The interval between the plurality of three-dimensional structures arranged in the soil layer and covered with the water absorbing sheet is not particularly limited. That is, the interval between adjacent three-dimensional structures is not uniquely set, and is appropriately set according to various conditions such as the thickness of the soil layer, the water retention and drainage performance of the soil layer, and the plant to be cultivated. , It is preferable to design. Also, the height of the three-dimensional structure can not be set uniquely, it can be set appropriately according to various conditions such as the thickness of the soil layer, the water retention performance and drainage performance of the soil layer, the plant to be cultivated, etc. preferable.

  The intervals and heights of the three-dimensional structures arranged in the soil layer do not have to be constant, and are preferably set as appropriate according to the type and arrangement of the plants to be cultivated. That is, when a lawn is planted in a certain area, a plurality of three-dimensional structures having the same height are arranged at regular intervals in a portion corresponding to this area. In addition, when mixing grass and herbs or shrubs, the optimal three-dimensional structure with a height that can supply the water required for each plant is cultivated. It is preferable to arrange them at intervals.

  It is preferable to form a surface layer made of bark or wood chips called mulching material on the surface of the soil layer. By forming such a surface layer, it is possible to prevent excessive moisture from evaporating from the soil layer, to prevent dust from flying and to disperse the soil, and to prevent seeds and seedlings other than the intended purpose from flying or inhabiting. There are many needs, such as being able to prevent the formation of depressions on the surface of the soil layer when it is possible to spray water on the surface of the soil layer.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram explaining the composition of the artificial green field which realized the water supply method concerning the 1st example.

  In the figure, the artificial green space A is constructed on the top of the rooftop structure 1 such as an ALC panel or a metal plate constituting a veranda, a rooftop or roof surface. The periphery of the artificial green space A configured on the top of the rooftop structure 1 is limited by a boundary member (not shown) protruding from the rooftop structure 1. This boundary member is configured by continuing a concrete block, a brick, a steel material or a waterproof steel plate, a wooden fence, a block made of synthetic resin, etc., and defines the outer periphery of each layer 1 to 5 constituting the artificial green space A described later. And has a function of holding the load of each layer 1-5.

  On the upper surface of the rooftop structure 1, a building protection layer 2 having a waterproof function for the building and a root prevention function for preventing the roots of plants from entering is formed. The water resistance discharged from the artificial green space A of the body 1 is secured, and the plant roots are configured not to enter the slight gap of the rooftop structure 1 and damage the building.

  A water retention layer 3 is formed on the building protection layer 2. The thickness of the water retaining layer 3 defines the amount of water retained in the artificial green space A, and is preferably set in consideration of the thickness of the soil layer 5, the water retaining performance of the soil constituting the soil layer 5, and the like. In this embodiment, the water retention layer 3 is configured as a layer having a thickness of about 4 cm.

  The water retaining layer 3 is configured as a structure having high compressive strength and deformation resistance, and also having drainage performance by a plate-like member (bright plate member) having a high space ratio. As such a flat plate member, for example, there is a CP geomat manufactured by Nippon Poly Products Co., Ltd. This geomat is prepared as a plate-like member having a different thickness. By using a flat plate obtained by cutting a geomat having a desired thickness in accordance with the planar size of the target artificial green space A, the thickness of the flat plate is obtained. It is possible to constitute the water retention layer 3 corresponding to the above.

  On the upper surface of the water retaining layer 3, a water permeable layer 4 that allows water discharged from the soil layer 5 to pass therethrough and does not allow the soil to pass therethrough is formed. This water permeable layer 4 is constituted by a water permeable sheet made of a nonwoven fabric, and when water supplied to the soil layer 5 penetrates downward from the soil layer 5, only water passes through the water retaining layer 3 to prevent passage of the soil. By doing so, it is possible to maintain the water retention capability in the water retention layer 3.

  A drainage passage (not shown) is formed at a predetermined position of the greening portion forming outer peripheral member defining the artificial green space A in the height direction of the water retention layer 3, and the maximum water storage amount in the water retention layer 3 can be maintained. It is configured as follows. The structure of the discharge passage is not particularly limited, but a discharge hole is formed in a boundary member that defines the outer periphery of the water retaining layer 3, and a hook-shaped member or pipe is connected to the outside of the discharge hole. It is possible to configure. By connecting the end of the discharge passage to the wall of the building, when a large amount of water is supplied to the water retention layer 3, it is possible to discharge water that exceeds the water retention capacity of the water retention layer 3. .

  Although the material is not particularly specified as the nonwoven fabric constituting the water permeable sheet of the water permeable layer 4, a cordon ester type manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation is used. And this sheet | seat is cut | disconnected according to the planar dimension of the artificial green space A, and the water-permeable layer 4 is comprised by covering the upper surface of the flat board member previously laid in order to comprise the water retention layer 3, or suitable moderately beforehand It is possible to form the water retaining layer 3 and the water permeable layer 4 by wrapping the outer periphery of the edge plate member cut into dimensions and laying the gap plate member.

  A soil layer 5 is formed on the permeable layer 4. Although the specification of the soil which comprises this soil layer 5 is not specifically limited, In the present Example, the lightweight soil which grind | pulverized and comprised ALC is used. The particle distribution of the soil constituting the lightweight soil is not particularly limited as long as it has a particle size necessary for growing plants.

  The depth of the soil layer 5 in this embodiment is set to be about 18 cm. However, it is natural that the thickness of the soil layer as the artificial green space A is not limited to 18 cm. For example, in the experiment described later, the thickness of the soil layer 5 is set to about 30 cm.

  In the soil layer 5, a plurality of triangular prisms 6 made of a synthetic resin foam are disposed as a three-dimensional structure, and each triangular prism 6 is covered with a water absorbing sheet 7. Each triangular prism 6 is disposed above the water-permeable layer 4 with a predetermined interval, and is held in an immovable state by being embedded in the soil.

  In this embodiment, the triangular prism 6 is formed of a foam having a height of about 10 cm in cross section, and the triangular prism 6 is disposed with a spacing of about 30 cm to about 60 cm in the horizontal direction. ing.

  The water-absorbing sheet 7 covering the triangular prism 6 is arranged such that a part of the end 7 a reaches the water retention of the water retention layer 3, thereby sucking up the water stored in the water retention layer 3 to the soil layer 5. It is configured to be able to supply water. The water absorbent sheet 7 uses a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin fibers. Although the nonwoven fabric used as the rest sheet | seat 7 is not specifically limited, The product number F-1000 by Nippon Vilene Co., Ltd. is used in a present Example. It has been confirmed by experiments to be described later that this nonwoven fabric can absorb water in a very good state.

  In the water-absorbing sheet 7, it is possible to suck up the water stored in the water-retaining layer 3 by allowing the end 7 a to reach the water-retaining water of the water-retaining layer 3, and the soil in the soil layer 3. It is possible to supply water to the soil layer 5 naturally according to the wet state.

  A protective layer 8 made of mulching material is formed on the upper surface of the soil layer 5, and when the evaporation of water from the soil layer 3 is adjusted, or when the water is sprinkled on the soil layer 5, the energy of the water sprinkles to the soil layer 5. It is comprised so that it can prevent that an unevenness | corrugation is formed.

  In the artificial green space A configured as described above, when the soil layer 3 is in a dry state, the water stored in the water retention layer 3 is sucked up by the water absorbing sheet 7. The water sucked up by the water absorbing sheet 7 is transferred to the soil constituting the soil layer 5 in the soil layer 5 and supplied. When the soil around each triangular prism 6 receives water supply from the water absorbing sheet 7, it is connected to the water supply by the water absorbing sheet 7 covering the adjacent triangular pillar 6 to form a water retention space (water supply water level, wet boundary surface).

  The water level in the soil layer 7 rises with time, and maintains the water level that is moist with respect to the water retention capacity of the soil. For this reason, soil can always maintain a moist state. When the water contained in the soil layer 5 evaporates from the protective layer 8, the water stored in the water retention layer 3 along with this evaporation is sucked up by the water absorbent sheet 7 and replenished to the soil layer 5.

  In particular, as the water retained in the water retention layer 3 is sucked up by the water absorbent sheet 7, the air present in the water retention layer 3 moves to the soil layer 5 together with the water, and fresh air is supplied to the soil layer 5. It becomes possible to supply. In this case, it is preferable to form an overflow hole in the water retaining layer 3 so that the atmosphere can be taken in and air can be supplied to the soil.

  In addition, water is supplied and retained from the outside to the soil layer 5 when it rains or waters, and the water exceeding the water retention capacity of the soil layer 5 permeates the water retaining layer 3 through the water permeable layer 4 from the soil layer 5 and is stored. . When the amount of water supplied by rainwater or water spray is large, the water exceeding the water retention capacity of the water retention layer 3 overflows and is quickly discharged from the water retention layer 3 without staying in the soil layer 5.

Next, the result of the water supply experiment in the artificial green space of 1st Example is demonstrated . This will be described with reference to FIGS. In this experiment, the water retaining layer 3, the water permeable layer 4, and the soil layer 5 constituting the artificial green space A are formed inside the transparent plastic container, and the two triangular prisms 6a and 6b covered with the water absorbing sheet 7 on the soil layer 5 are formed. And the wet state of the soil over time was observed.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the experiment is ready to start, and the soil layer 5 is kept dry. 2 to 8, the soil layer 5 has a triangular prism 6a made of a foam having a height of about 10 cm and a triangular prism 6b made of a foam having a height of about 6 cm. It is arranged in a separated state. These triangular prisms 6a and 6b are disposed on the water permeable layer 4 provided on the upper part of the water retention layer 3 and embedded in the soil layer 5 having a depth of about 30 cm. The triangular prisms 6a and 6b are arranged in the soil layer 5 in a state where the triangular prisms 6a and 6b are covered with the water absorbent sheet 7 in which the end portion 7a reaches the water retention of the water retention layer 3.

  FIG. 3 shows the state when 1 hour has passed after the start of the experiment. At this time, the soil layer 5 already has a difference in color between wet soil and dry soil. A wet boundary line 10 clearly appears between the two. In particular, the level of the wet boundary line 10 is high between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b, and it is clear that a high water level can be maintained. In this state, the wet boundary surface 10 formed between the triangular prisms 6 a and 6 b is about 2 cm from the water permeable layer 4.

  FIG. 4 shows a state when two hours have elapsed after the start of the experiment, and the wetting of the soil around the triangular prisms 6a and 6b is promoted, and the level of the wet boundary surface 10 between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b is as follows. It has risen to about 5cm. However, soils below the wet boundary surface 10 do not necessarily appear to be sufficiently wet, and some remain partially dry.

  FIG. 5 shows a state when 3 hours have elapsed after the start of the experiment, and further, the wetting of the soil around the triangular prisms 6a and 6b is promoted, and the level of the wet boundary surface 10 between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b is about It has risen to 6cm. Furthermore, wetting of the soil below the wetting boundary surface 10 is promoted, and the soil is uniformly moistened.

  FIG. 6 shows a state in which about one day has passed after the start of the experiment, and the level of the wet boundary surface 10 between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b has increased to about 9 cm. In this state, the highest water level of the wet boundary surface 10 does not greatly exceed the tops of the triangular prisms 6a and 6b.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which about 8 days have elapsed after the start of the experiment, and the level of the wet boundary surface 10 between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b has increased to about 12 cm to 15 cm. The highest water level greatly exceeds the tops of the triangular prisms 6a and 6b. In this state, the wet boundary surface 10 in the soil layer 5 is approaching a substantially horizontal line regardless of the triangular prisms 6a and 6b.

  FIG. 8 shows a state when about 18 days have elapsed after the start of the experiment, and the level of the wet boundary surface 10 between the triangular prisms 6a and 6b has risen to about 16 cm to 19 cm. The highest water level greatly exceeds the top of the triangular prisms 6a and 6b, about 1/3 to 1/2 of the depth of the soil layer 5 is maintained in a wet state, and the wet boundary surface 10 in the soil layer 5 is a triangular column 6a. , 6b is approaching a substantially horizontal line.

  As a result of the experiment as described above, a plurality of triangular prisms 6 that are three-dimensional structures covered with the water-absorbing sheet 7 whose end portions 7a reach the water retention of the water retention layer 3 are installed in the soil layer 5 to The water stored in the layer 3 can be sucked up by the water absorbing sheet 7 and supplied to the soil layer 5, and the water level in the soil layer 5 rises with time regardless of the height of the triangular prism 6, It can be said that it is possible to wet the soil at a level below the water level.

  Next, the water supply method according to the second embodiment and the configuration of the artificial green space B will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. In the figure, the same parts and parts having the same functions as those of the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, the three-dimensional structure is configured as a quadrangular prism 9 having a square cross-sectional shape. The square column 9 is formed of a synthetic resin foam and is shaped as much as possible. The square pillars 9 are arranged on the upper part of the building protective layer 2 with a predetermined interval, and the non-woven cloth constituting the water-permeable layer 3 and the water-permeable layer 4 between the square pillars 9 adjacent to each other. The water-permeable layer 4 using the water-permeable sheet which consists of is provided. A soil layer 5 is formed on the upper part of the water permeable layer 4 and a protective layer 8 is formed on the upper surface of the soil layer 5.

  It is not preferable that the water retention layer 3 is divided by the square pillars 9, and the water retention layer 3 needs to be formed in a continuous state over the entire plane of the artificial green space B. For this reason, the square pole 9 is made into the dimension and arrangement | positioning which do not inhibit the planar dimension of the artificial green space B, and the continuity of the water retention layer 3 in the artificial green space B.

  The square pillar 9 is covered with two or more surfaces except the bottom surface by the water absorbent sheet 7, and both end portions 7 a of the water absorbent sheet 7 reach the water retention of the water retention layer 3. And since the square pillar 9 of this state is embed | buried in the soil layer 5, movement will be restrained by the square board member and soil which comprise the water retention layer 3, and the square pillar 9 will be indirect force from the outside. Even if this works, the position does not move.

  Moreover, since the upper surface of the square pillar 9 is formed as a shallow surface in the soil layer 5, the plant can be cultivated from the seed by sowing the seed on the soil facing the upper surface of the square pillar 9. For this reason, in the artificial green space B, it is possible to increase the types of plants that can be cultivated. Further, by reducing the interval between the adjacent quadrangular columns 9, plants can be cultivated from the seeds on the surface other than the upper surface of the quadrangular columns 9, that is, in the space between the quadrangular columns 9.

  The water supply method as described above and the artificial green space that realizes this water supply method can be applied not only to the rooftops of buildings, but also to small open spaces where the underside of parks and the like is made of asphalt, bricks, or concrete surfaces, and It is effective when applied to a limited space such as a house veranda.

It is a schematic diagram explaining the structure of 1st Example of an artificial green field. It is a figure explaining progress of a water supply experiment in the 1st example , and is an explanatory view in the state where preparation for an experiment start was completed. This is the state when 1 hour has passed since the start of the experiment. This is the state when 2 hours have elapsed since the start of the experiment. This is the state when 3 hours have elapsed since the start of the experiment. This is the state when about 1 day has passed since the start of the experiment. This is the state when about 8 days have elapsed since the start of the experiment. This is the state when about 18 days have passed since the start of the experiment. It is a schematic diagram explaining the structure of 2nd Example of an artificial green field.

A, B Artificial green space 1 Rooftop structure 2 Building protection layer 3 Water retention layer 4 Water permeable layer 5 Soil layer 6, 6a, 6b Triangular column 7 Water absorbing sheet 7a Edge 8 Protective layer 9 Square column 10 Wet boundary surface

Claims (2)

An artificial green space in a greening structure of a building, comprising a water retention layer that retains water, a soil layer that is laid on top of the water retention layer, and a triangular column of synthetic resin foam that is disposed on the soil layer at a predetermined interval a three-dimensional structure comprising, artificial green part covering the three-dimensional structure and having a, a water-absorbing sheet disposed so as to reach the bottom portion of the moisture-holding layer. An artificial green area in a greening structure of a building, which is immovable by being held between a water retention layer that retains water, a soil layer that is laid on top of the water retention layer, and a member that constitutes the water retention layer And the three-dimensional structure arranged so that the top portion protrudes from the soil layer, and the three-dimensional structure are covered, and both ends of the three-dimensional structure hang down from the joints of the members constituting the water retention layer and reach the bottom of the water retention layer An artificial green space characterized by having a water absorbing sheet arranged to do .

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