JP2004187683A - Construction method for greening - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method for greening suitable for the rooftop of a building, free from anxiety about falling down of a planted tree, even planting to a small amount of soil, resistant to strong wind and vibration, and is lightweight and capable of reducing bulkiness. <P>SOLUTION: This method lays a water permeable and root penetrating sheet 7 and a water permeable and rooting prevention sheet 8 under the soil 1, and locates a water tank 2 under the sheets, wherein the water permeable and root penetrating sheet 7 comprises a nonwoven fabric with 100-500g/m<SP>2</SP>of basis weight, 0.4-8.0mm of thickness and 0.1-0.2g/cm<SP>2</SP>of density, passes water come from the soil 1 by penetration and the root 8 of a plant P penetrates and entangles to fix the plant. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a revegetation method for growing plants on a rooftop or a veranda of a building to form a garden or the like and to revegetate.More specifically, the present invention relates to a revegetation method that does not have a deep soil. The present invention relates to a greening method capable of growing plants such as shrubs having a height.

  In recent years, reinforced concrete and steel-framed reinforced concrete buildings have lined up, roads in urban areas have been mostly asphalt-paved, and greenery in urban areas has been decreasing more and more. Is losing moisture. Air pollution due to consumption of fossil fuels and the like has further worsened the environment in urban areas.

  Therefore, a comfortable urban space incorporating green plants in a building structure such as a building or artificial ground is proposed. For example, as one of them, the following greening floor structure 1 has been proposed for planting trees and flowers on the roof of a building. The foundation structure used in the greening method includes an asphalt waterproof tank provided on the slab concrete on the roof of the building, holding concrete provided on the waterproof layer, and gravel spread provided on the holding concrete. The drainage layer and the soil provided in the drainage layer are sequentially laminated. Trees and flowers are planted on this land.

  By the way, in the greening method, asphalt is spread over slab concrete, solidified to form a waterproof layer, and concrete is placed on the waterproof layer and cast concrete. The drainage layer is provided by laying gravel on the holding concrete, and the soil is provided on the drainage layer to construct the foundation of the building structure. For this reason, many time-consuming work processes are required on site, a long construction period is required, and the base structure becomes extremely heavy.

  When applying such a greening method to the roof of a building or the like, there is a limit to increasing the layer thickness of the soil, so it is usually enough to grow plants such as lawns and flowers. Even in the category, it was difficult to bring it up because there was a problem that it could not be rooted to a sufficient depth and fell due to strong winds.

  Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for preventing a tree from falling down by tightly supporting a tree with tree supporting means using a wire or the like.

  Patent Literature 2 also discloses that a tree is fixed to a steel angle or the like embedded in soil with a wire.

  Patent Literature 3 discloses a method of fixing to a base reinforcing bar using an anchor pin and the like, and also trying to prevent a problem such as fallen tree due to strong wind or vibration of a planting plant by means of providing a base pressing body and fixing with an anchor bolt. I have.

  Further, Patent Literature 4 has a structure having a water tank below the soil, and connects the water tank and the soil with a water-absorbing string, and supplies water from the water tank to the soil by a capillary phenomenon using the water-absorbing string. There is disclosed an invention of doing so.

JP-A-5-304844 Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3022081 JP-A-2001-95377 JP 2002-369623 A

  However, in the methods disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it takes time and effort to install members such as wires and angles for fixing trees, and wires for binding trees are unnatural. In some cases, the appearance of the greening facility may be impaired.

  In order to make the structure as disclosed in Patent Document 3, a considerably large-scale facility is required, and there is an advantage that a tree having a considerably high height can be planted, but the area is large and the cost is large. Will be.

  The present invention effectively solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a greening method which is inexpensive and can be constructed in a short period of time and which is used for a building structure excellent in waterproofness and water retention.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to claim 1 of the present invention, a water-repellent sheet is laid on an underlayer, and a water reservoir is disposed thereon. A greening method characterized by laying a root-prevention sheet, laying a water-permeable permeation sheet through which water can permeate, and through which the roots of the plant can penetrate and entangle, and place soil thereon. And

  According to a second aspect, the greening method according to the first aspect, wherein the thickness of the soil is in a range of 100 to 400 mm.

In claim 3, the water-permeable root-proof sheet is made of a nonwoven fabric, has a basis weight of 80 to 120 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.2 to 0.35 mm, a density of 0.25 to 0.4 g / cm ² , and a penetration resistance value of The greening method is 1.3 to 3.0 kgf and the water permeability is in the range of 20 to 35 s.

According to the fourth aspect, the permeate sheet has a basis weight of 100 to 250 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.4 to 1.0 mm, a density of 0.1 to 0.2 g / cm ² , and a penetration resistance of 2.5. The planting method is a greening method in which the water permeability is in the range of from about 3.5 kgf to about 3.5 kgf, the water permeability is in the range of 10 to 25 s, and the air permeability is in the range of from 120 to 200 cc / cm ² / sec.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a greening method is used in which the water storage tank and the permeable root-preventing sheet are connected by a water wicking material having a function of allowing water to move by capillary action.

  In the sixth aspect, the water wicking material is a greening method in which a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a towel is used.

  By arranging a water-permeable root sheet that can penetrate and entangle the root under the soil where the plants are planted, the plant roots planted in the soil are entangled with the water-permeable root sheet and fixed, making the soil shallow. It can prevent trees from falling down due to strong winds, etc., can easily plant trees with a certain height at low cost, and does not need to be fixed with wires etc. Can be obtained. In addition, rainwater that has soaked into the soil with the water-permeable root-prevention sheet can flow into the water storage tank and be stored. It does not flow into water tanks.

  By setting the thickness of the soil to the above range, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of water to grow plants, and because the roots of the plants can reach the water-permeable root sheet and entangle the roots. Plants such as vegetation can be fixed, and the soil can be made inexpensive and simple in terms of cost and weight with relatively thin soil.

  By using the nonwoven fabric in such a range, the penetration of the roots of the plants to be planted in the greening facility can be almost completely prevented, and the rainwater soaked in the soil can permeate to the lower reservoir.

  By using a nonwoven fabric in such a range, the rainwater that soaks into the soil can be permeated and penetrate the roots of the plants planted in the soil, and can be entangled with the nonwoven fabric. Even if the plant cannot support the plants, it can be fixed by the water-permeable perforated sheet, so that the problem of falling trees can be prevented.

  By connecting the water storage tank to the permeable root-prevention sheet with a water wicking material, the water in the water storage tank can be efficiently supplied to the soil, sufficient water absorption can be performed for the plants, and the water in the water storage tank can be drained. Can be used effectively.

  By using a woven or knitted fabric as the water wicking material, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of water to be sucked up.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a greening facility using the greening method of the present invention. In the revegetation method of the present invention, a water tank 2 is arranged under a soil 1 in which a plant P is planted, and water is stored in the water tank 2 and water is supplied from the water tank 2 to the soil 1 to supply water to the plant. Is supplied.

  For example, an enclosure such as a block 3 is arranged around a place where a greening facility is installed, such as a rooftop of a building, and then a waterproof sheet 4 is laid on the entire groundwork, and a water storage tank 2 is installed thereon.

The void material 5 forming the water storage tank 2 has a shape having a large number of bent portions 20 and columns 30 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example, and is made of polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, hard vinyl chloride, unsaturated polyester. It is made of a lightweight material that is hardly corroded by water, such as a molded body made of a resin material such as a resin or other lightweight alloy. The shape is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, the plane size is 300 to 400 mm, preferably 500 to 2000 mm square, and the thickness is The block is about 100 to 300 mm, and has a hollow structure in which a large number of voids are secured by providing a bent portion such as 20 in FIG. 2 or providing the support 30 in FIG. % To 90% or more. Further, it can withstand a load of 10 tf / m ² from above. In addition, the void material may be used in one stage or in a plurality of stages.

  In the case of the gap material 5 in FIG. 2, the gaps are formed by the bent portions 20 by stacking the bent portions 20 in alternate directions so that the water storage rate can be secured. In the case of the block filling material shown in FIG. 3, the column 30 is applied to a counterbore 32 formed on the plate 31 of the block filling material vertically adjacent to each other, so that the gap between the plates 31 at the height of the column 30 is provided. And a water storage rate can be similarly secured.

  The shape of the gap material 5 is not limited to these, and any material having a hollow structure capable of securing a gap of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more as described above may be used. In terms of size, when arranging in a space such as a reservoir, it is troublesome to arrange even if the size is too small, and it is difficult to import and stack if it is too large, without having to stick to the shape It is preferable that the object has an outer dimension of 300 mm or more and a maximum of 4000 mm or less, more preferably 500 mm or more and less than 2,000 mm, which is the shortest in external dimensions, which is equivalent to the size shown in the case of the rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  A water-permeable root-prevention sheet 6 is laid on such a water storage tank 2 formed of the gap material 5, and a water-permeable penetration root sheet 7 is further laid thereon. Then, the greening method of the present invention is completed by laying the soil from above and arranging the layers of the soil 1.

  The water-permeable root-prevention sheet 6 used in the present invention can transmit water, but does not penetrate the roots 8 of the plant P such as grasses and trees planted for greening. The permeated water flows into the lower water storage tank 2 and is stored therein. However, the soil flows into the water storage tank below the sheet, and the soil enters the water storage tank 2 to contaminate the water storage. There is no problem such as reduction of the number.

The water-permeable root-prevention sheet 6 is specifically a nonwoven fabric made of a material such as polyester, polyamide, or cotton, having a basis weight of 80 to 120 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.2 to 0.35 mm, and a density of 0.25. ~0.4g / cm ^2, penetration resistance value 1.3～3.0Kgf, is suitably used water permeability in the range of 20～35S. In addition, as a product that can be obtained on the market, there can be mentioned J-Master EO 5100 manufactured by Gunze Co., Ltd.

If the basis weight is less than 80 g / m ² , the root 8 of the plant P such as grass or tree may enter and penetrate, which is not preferable. ^{On the other hand} , if it exceeds 120 g / m ² , the root 8 of the plant will not pass, but sufficient water permeability will not be obtained, which is not preferable.

When the thickness is less than 0.2 mm, the strength may be insufficient, and there is a problem that the root 8 is damaged even if it does not penetrate. When the thickness is more than 0.35 mm, the water permeability tends to be insufficient. Absent. If the density is less than 0.25 g / cm ² , the root prevention performance will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.4 g / cm ² , the water permeability will be insufficient. Next, if the penetration resistance value is less than 1.3 kgf, the penetration of the root of the plant P cannot be stopped. If the penetration resistance value exceeds 3.0 kgf, water permeability becomes difficult, which is not preferable. The specific required water permeability ranges from 20 to 35 s.

  Further, the water-permeable root sheet 7 allows water to permeate, so that the rainwater soaked into the soil 1 flows down as it is, and the roots 8 of the plant P such as grass and trees can also penetrate and the roots 8 are entangled. Further, the sheet is a sheet that can be prevented from coming off by forming a callus 9 as shown in FIG. The entanglement of the roots 8 makes it possible to firmly fix the tree on the ground, and it is possible to prevent the plants from falling down even if there is vibration or strong wind. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of soil in the soil 1 or to use lightweight soil.

  The water-permeable sheet 7 can be made of a non-woven fabric made of a synthetic fiber such as polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, a polyamide or the like, or a natural fiber such as cotton. This is preferable because the force for sandwiching and fixing the root 8 is strong.

Further, those nonwoven fabrics have a basis weight of 100 to 500 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 250 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.4 to 8.0 mm, more preferably 0.4 to 1.0, and a density of 0 to 1.0. 0.1 to 0.2 g / cm ² , penetration resistance is preferably ² to 7 kgf, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5 kgf, water permeability is 10 to 25 s, and air permeability is 120 to 200 cc / cm ² / sec. Are preferably used.

  Examples of commercially available products include J-Master AT manufactured by Gunze Co., Ltd. By using the water-permeable perforated root sheet 7 made of such a nonwoven fabric, the root 8 of the plant P is entangled and grows while being tightened from the surroundings with the root 8 penetrating as shown in FIG. The root 8 is sufficiently fixed to the permeable sheet 7.

If the basis weight is less than 100 g / m ² , even if the root of the plant P such as grass or tree enters, it easily penetrates, cannot be sufficiently entangled with the nonwoven fabric, and the fixing power of the tree becomes weak, which is not preferable. ^{On the other hand} , if it exceeds 250 g / m ² or 500 g / m ² , the root of the plant will not be able to penetrate, and it will not be possible to fix it by entanglement of the root.

If the thickness is less than 0.4 mm, there is a problem that the strength may be insufficient and the material may be damaged. If the thickness is more than 1.0 mm or 8.0 mm, the water permeability deteriorates, which is not preferable. When the density is less than 1.0 g / cm ² , the strength becomes insufficient, and when the density exceeds 0.2 g / cm ² , the water permeability deteriorates. Next, if the penetration resistance value is less than 2 kgf or 2.5 kgf, the strength becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 3.5 kgf or 7 kgf, the root cannot penetrate, which is not preferable. If the water permeability is less than 10 s, the drainage is poor and the root growth is adversely affected. If the water permeability is more than 25 s, the eyes are too coarse, the entanglement with the root is poor, and the fixing power of the tree is weak.

  By adopting the above configuration, the root 8 of the plant planted on the soil 1 penetrates the soil 1 and reaches the next water-permeable perforated root sheet 7, and the root enters the nonwoven fabric forming the sheet 7 and becomes a fiber. It is entangled and forms callus 9 and is fixed. Even if the amount of soil 1 is small, some trees will not be knocked down by strong wind or vibration.

  If necessary, the side block 3 is provided with an overflow pipe 10 for draining an excessive amount of water when excessive water is supplied to the water storage tank 2.

  The water in the water storage tank 2 can be supplied to the upper soil 1 in the form of water vapor by evaporating. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, water can be moved between the water storage tank 2 and the soil 1 by capillary action. By tying with the water wicking material 11 having a function that can be performed, it is possible to perform water absorption on the soil by far more efficiently than supply of water by evaporation.

  The water wicking material 11 is immersed in the stored water on the water tank 2 side, and does not necessarily reach the soil 1 on the soil 1 side, but reaches the permeable root prevention sheet 6, for example. Then, water can be supplied to the soil 1 along the permeable root prevention sheet 6 and the permeable penetration sheet. Further, even when the shape of the void material 5 is complicated, if the water tank 2 and the soil 1 are properly connected through the gap, the water can be sufficiently sucked up.

  Examples of the material that can be used as the water wicking material 11 include a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, and a towel fabric made of materials such as cotton, polyester, polyamide, sodium polyacrylate, and a blend of polyester and polyamide. it can. Among them, a water wicking material composed of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, and a toweling fabric is preferable because of its excellent performance in absorbing water and supplying it to the soil.

The water wicking material 11 has a thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, a basis weight of 200 to 500 g / m ² , a tensile strength of 5 kgf / cm or more, a water absorption speed of 5 cm / 5 min or more, and a water absorption height of 190 mm or more. Some are preferred.

  If the thickness is too small, the amount of water to be absorbed is small and the strength is uneasy. If the basis weight is too small, the amount of water to be absorbed is small. Although the tensile strength is not directly related to the ability to absorb water, there is also a problem that, for example, when the material is bent in accordance with the shape of the void material 5 or the like and used, the material may be cut if the strength is insufficient. If the water absorption rate is less than 5 cm / 5 min, depending on the type of the woven part, there is a problem that the supply of water cannot keep up with the amount of water consumed by the plants or the amount evaporated into the air. If the water absorption height is smaller than 190 mm, the water in the water storage tank 2 becomes less, and if the distance between the soil 1 and the water surface becomes slightly larger, water cannot be supplied.

  Next, we compared the performance of water absorption using various materials as water wicking materials.

  In Example 1, a cotton towel was used. A rectangular test piece having a width of 50 mm and a length of 500 mm was prepared, and the end of the test piece was immersed in water and set upright to measure up to a maximum of water. Table 1 shows the results.

  In Example 2, a nonwoven fabric made of polyester was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, up to what mm the water rose was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

  In Example 3, a nonwoven fabric made of sodium polyacrylate was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, up to what mm the water rose was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

  In Example 4, a knitted fabric composed of a blended yarn of 80% polyester and 20% polyamide was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, up to what mm the water rose was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

  In Example 5, a polyester woven fabric was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, up to what mm the water rose was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

  As can be seen from Table 1, cotton towels, knitted fabrics and woven fabrics absorb water well, and nonwoven fabrics have a slightly lower suction height compared to that.

  Next, for the above Examples 1, 4 and 5, as shown in FIG. 5, the soil is actually installed on the water storage tank via the water-permeable root-prevention sheet and the water-permeable root sheet, and The amount of water supplied to the soil was measured by tying the permeable root protection sheet with a water wicking material. The height from the water surface to the permeable root prevention sheet was 10 cm, and the thickness of the soil was 10 cm. The contact area between the water wicking material and the water-permeable root-prevention sheet was 5 cm × 5 cm. Light soil is used as soil for soil. Measurements confirmed an increase in soil weight. Table 2 shows the results.

  In particular, in Example 1 and Example 5, it was confirmed that the entire area of the soil was moist and that water was distributed throughout.

  It is used as a construction method for greening the roof of a building, etc., and can be suitably used particularly in places where a large amount of soil for greening is difficult to fill.

It is sectional drawing which shows the greening method of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a gap material. It is a perspective view showing other examples of a gap material. It is a conceptual diagram in which the callus of a plant root has arisen in the permeable sheet. It is a schematic diagram showing the place where the amount of water absorption by the water wicking material is measured.

Explanation of reference numerals

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Soil 2 Water storage tank 3 Block 4 Waterproof sheet 5 Void material 6 Permeable root sheet 7 Permeable penetrating sheet 8 Root 9 Callus 11 Water wicking material P Plant

Claims (6)

  A water-repellent sheet is laid on the groundwork, a water reservoir is placed, and a water-permeable root-prevention sheet that allows water to permeate but does not allow plant roots to penetrate is laid. A greening method characterized by laying a water-permeable root sheet through which the roots pass through and placing soil on it.   The greening method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil is in a range of 100 to 400 mm. The permeable root-prevention sheet is made of a nonwoven fabric, has a basis weight of 80 to 120 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.2 to 0.35 mm, a density of 0.25 to 0.4 g / cm ² , and a penetration resistance of 1.3 to 1.3. 3. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein 3.0 kgf and water permeability are in a range of 20 to 35 s. The permeated sheet has a basis weight of 100 to 250 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.4 to 1.0 mm, a density of 0.1 to 0.2 g / cm ² , a penetration resistance of 2.5 to 3.5 kgf, water permeability 10～25S, greening method of claims 1 to 3, wherein air permeability is in the range of 120~200cc ^/ cm 2 ^/ sec.   5. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein the water storage tank and the water-permeable root-prevention sheet are connected by a water-absorbing material having a function of allowing water to move by capillary action. The greening method according to claim 5, wherein the water wicking material is a woven cloth, a knitted cloth, or a towel cloth.

Images