JPH077B2 - Layered structure for plant vegetation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention realizes afforestation without using soil as one of the sky fronts on the rooftops of buildings such as buildings, condominiums, and detached houses. The present invention relates to a layered structure for plant vegetation suitable for providing a place for relaxation by walking or lying on the floor at any time.

(Prior art) Currently, the rooftop of buildings is rarely used for cooling towers and drying areas to a certain extent, and there are only a few shrines and plants. The city is being developed in consideration of the above, and grass and flowers are planted on the rooftops or balconies of buildings, and the rooftops or balconies are greened to greatly expand the lack of greenery in the cities.

By the way, as a method for vegetating grass and flowers on the roof of the above-mentioned building or on concrete, it is most common to use soil for vegetation.

On the other hand, on the other hand, it is also known to vegetate vegetables and flowers by using rock wool, polyurethane foam or non-woven fabric such as hydroponic culture (for example, JP-A-55-9739).
However, in many cases, this is a greenhouse or an indoor building where people can walk or lie on it. It has not been used on a large scale on the rooftops, etc.

In addition, for other slope construction, we also proposed a method of covering with a net using non-woven fabric, and a mat that combines a water absorbent material as a plant training mat on which people can walk on it and a frame to reinforce it. Has been done. (JP Sho 60
(See Japanese Patent Publication No. 98912) (Problems to be solved by the invention) However, recently, in addition to the conventional use of a rooftop space, the rooftop of a building such as a building, an apartment house or a detached house in view of landscape and design. The sky front has been spotlighted as a valuable space in the city, with the aim of providing users with relaxation and moisture as well as adding value to buildings.

Then, according to such a viewpoint, the greening of the rooftop space is reviewed and the conventional method of using soil is to plant grass and flowers on the rooftop (concrete surface), walk on it, lie down and read and chat. At least 10 cm to 20
It is necessary to take waterproof measures in order to bring about a cm of soil to the rooftop, and grass roots will enter the cracks in the concrete. Moreover, when the soil is taken up on the rooftop, the weight (for example, soil)
10 cm thick is 170 kg / m ² ) and therefore the structure of the roof or balcony floor of the building must be reinforced for that purpose (under the current building code, the allowable load on the roof or balcony floor is 180 kg Since it is / m ^{2, if} we put 10 cm of soil on the roof or balcony, the weight will be 15
Since it is 0 to 170 kg / m ² , there is a possibility that the allowable load will be exceeded when a person walks. ) Furthermore, the soil will be washed away by rainwater and the construction will be contaminated.

On the other hand, the hydroponics is not suitable for walking on the rooftop of a building or on a balcony, as described above, and the method of combining frames and the slope construction method are also available on the rooftop or balcony. It was not possible to use it for a wide range of vegetation in plants and flowers, and the development of a new rooftop vegetation method was called for.

The present invention responds to the trends of the times as described above, and is a novel plant that can vegetate lawns and flowers without using soil on the concrete surface of the rooftop of a building or balcony, and can walk or lie on it. The aim is to achieve greening on the rooftop or balcony of the building by finding a layered structure for vegetation to improve the aesthetics of the rooftop or balcony, increase the area of greening, and revitalize the urban area. is there.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, the constitution of the layered structure of the present invention which meets the above-mentioned object is basically a synthetic fiber as a main material, and a non-woven fibrous structure in which constituent fibers are entangled with each other. The first non-woven fibrous structure layer is composed of three layers made of polymerized without using soil, and the first non-woven fibrous structure layer has air permeability and water retention, but the fiber density and the air permeability and water retention are both It is a vegetation layer intermediate between the other two layers and suitable for vegetation of plants such as grass from seeds. The second non-woven fiber structure layer has appropriate air permeability and water permeability, but has fiber density and water retention. It is the most protective layer that has the functions of rooting, root retention and plant root protection, compared to the other two layers. The third non-woven fibrous structure layer has air permeability of the other two layers. Although it has the largest fiber density and the lowest water retention capacity, it has elasticity and excess rainwater. The drainage layer is suitable for drainage of water, etc. and has sufficient holding power to support the whole.

Another aspect of the present invention according to claim 2 is that, on the basis of the above-mentioned layered structure, a synthetic resin net-like material is layered on the uppermost layer thereof, and at the same time, the lowermost layer is provided with water stopping performance and plant root cutting performance. It is obtained by polymerizing the synthetic resin sheet.

(Operation) The layered structure of the present invention is to be constructed for plant vegetation on the roof or balcony, and at the time of construction, on a concrete surface such as the roof of a building, in a required range to be used for plant vegetation, first, A third layer is laid and arranged, and then the second layer and the first layer are sequentially polymerized (a reinforcing cloth or the like may be interposed in the middle if necessary) to form a structure including three layers. Install by fixing the peripheral part appropriately.

The first, second and third layers may be simply polymerized, but may be partially fixed to prevent misalignment.

Thus, the layered structure thus formed is sprouting by sowing seeds of grass or plants in the vegetation layer (first layer) of the vegetation layer (first layer before polymerizing the first layer to the second layer). The seedlings may be directly sown and sprouted in a layer) to support the growth of sprouting turf and plants by applying fertilizer appropriately, but the first vegetation layer has an appropriate water retention and aeration suitable for the above vegetation. It has the ability to drain turf and plants by providing proper drainage.

On the other hand, the second root holding layer allows the roots of turf or plants that have grown easily to pass through, and has a role of firmly holding these roots.

Therefore, it has high fiber density and water retention, and has water permeability in both vertical and horizontal directions, preventing water from accumulating and causing root rot, and constantly retaining fresh water.

Moreover, although it has less air permeability than the other two layers, it can supply oxygen appropriately and protect the roots.

Furthermore, since the third drainage layer has a sufficient drainage function, it sufficiently drains the amount of rainfall and rainfall, and further, it prevents accumulated root water from causing root rot in the consolidation layer.

In addition, the root protection layer and drainage layer have an appropriate thickness for walking and
It has sufficient supporting force and restoring force against the load during mowing work, and has the effect of improving the walkability of the entire layered structure.

The uppermost synthetic resin net in the invention according to claim 2 distributes the load evenly over the entire net when walking, lying down, or using a mower, and prevents the concentration of the load on a specific place. At the same time, ensure protection against wind and typhoons.

Furthermore, the synthetic resin sheet in the bottom layer has a water-stopping function, which completely drains rainwater and excess liquid fertilizer on the sheet, and the grass and plant roots that have emerged from the drainage layer are fine cracks in the rooftop concrete and waterproof layer. Prevent it from getting in and damaging it.

(Examples) Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an example of the layered structure according to the present invention. In the figure, (1) is a vegetation layer forming the first layer, (2) is a protective layer forming the second layer, and (3) is Each of the drainage layers forming the third layer is shown, and the basic structure according to claim 1 in the layered structure of the present invention is obtained by the three-layer polymerization structure of the vegetation layer (1), the protective layer (2) and the drainage layer (3). In the figure, a synthetic resin net (4) is formed on the upper surface of the vegetation layer (1), and a synthetic resin net having a role of stopping water and root cutting is formed on the lowermost layer, that is, the lower surface of the drainage layer. Each of the seals (5) is layered to form a layered structure according to claim 2 of the present invention as a whole. Here, the vegetation layer such as grass forming the first layer (1) is a layer on which seeds of grass or plants are sown and vegetated, and synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene and acrylic are used as main materials. A single or appropriate amount of water-absorbent fibers, for example, needling 15-30% of a mixed fiber web, and the constituent fibers are entangled with each other, usually, the apparent density of the fibers is about 0.11 g / cm ³ and the thickness is 5
A non-woven fabric of about mm is used.

Mixing water-absorbent fibers is effective in increasing the water retention of the vegetation layer (1) and preventing the germination rate from decreasing due to drying. However, artificial fibers such as rayon may rot if used for a long time in a water-absorbing state. It is preferable to use acrylic water absorbing fibers as much as possible.

Since this vegetation layer (1) has the function of sowing seeds on it and germinating, if one example of the measured values is shown as its characteristics, the water retention capacity is 2.4 kg / m ² , the aeration rate is 178 cc / cm ² / sec, vertical Permeability
It has a water retention of 1.5 cm / sec and good air circulation,
It also has water permeability or drainage property.

In addition, this vegetation layer (1) is preferably black rather than white, especially dark green, because grass and plant roots show backlighting.

Next, the protective layer forming the second layer (2) allows the roots of turf or plants that have grown easily to pass therethrough, and has a function of firmly holding these roots. The apparent density should be appropriately large. Moreover, it has good breathability, sufficient oxygen is supplied, and it has proper vertical and horizontal water permeability while having proper water retention, so that water accumulates and becomes root rot. It is desirable to keep fresh water constantly so as not to cause water damage.

This protective layer (2) needs to have an appropriate thickness, and in general (vegetation layer + protective layer + drainage layer) it is said that a minimum thickness of 5 cm or more is required, but only with the protective layer. A thickness of around 5 cm is desirable.

In addition, it is necessary to have sufficient stability to withstand the load during walking or mowing work, and select a material that has the largest elastic recovery rate.

This protective layer (2) is usually made of polyester fiber and is a needle non-woven fabric. If one example of the measured value is shown, the apparent density is 0.23 g /
cm ³ , thickness about 10 mm, water retention 6.0 kg / m ² , ventilation 36 cc / cm ² /
sec, vertical permeability 2.3 × 10 ^-1 cm / sec, compressibility 7.6%
The thickness recovery rate (load 800 g / cm ² ) is 94% and high. Further, as another example, a non-woven fabric having the following characteristics and the above-mentioned non-woven fabric may be appropriately mixed and stacked. That is, the non-woven fabric has an apparent density of 0.05
Since it is as small as g / cm ³ , the water retention capacity is as large as 40 kg / m ^2, and the ventilation rate is 12
2cc / cm ² / sec, vertical permeability is 3.5cm / sec, which is large, but the compression rate is not as high as 17%, and the thickness recovery rate is also around 90%, which is a non-woven fabric made of relatively thin fibers. .

Also in these protective layers (2), black is preferable to white for the roots exhibiting backlighting.

Further, the drainage layer which is the third layer (3) is usually 50 to 100 mm /
It is necessary to have sufficient drainage function against the amount of precipitation rainfall of Hr, and also to have a water retention capacity close to zero and to be constantly replenished with fresh water in the roots of grass and flowers, and in the drainage layer Be sure to prevent accumulated water from root rot in the root consolidation layer.

For that purpose, a non-woven fabric having a relatively large fiber porosity, that is, the lowest fiber density as compared with the other two layers is selected, but on the contrary, elastic recovery is poor and it is deformed, or the deformation rate is large and it is not possible to walk. It is not preferable to give a pleasant feeling.

Therefore, as the drainage layer (3), a non-woven mat made of vinylidene fiber having a thickness of about 500 to 5,000 denier is usually selected and used in a thickness of 30 to 60 mm. These are elastic, and if one example of measurement is shown, the rate of change in thickness is up to 40% for a load of about 900 kg / m ² , and the recovery rate is 80% or more, which is extremely breathable. It is a thing.

Of course, the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric mat may be used alone, but it is also preferable to combine it with a nonwoven fabric having a water permeability of about 10 mm and made of polyester fiber of 15 to 30 denier. In this case, the walking property of the whole layer is improved. .

The layered structure which is the basis of the present invention by polymerizing and installing the three layers of the vegetation layer (1), the protection layer (2) and the drainage layer (3), which are the first, second and third layers described above. Although the body is composed, when stacking, as shown in the figure, superimpose the third layer, the second layer, and the first layer on the rooftop concrete surface (6) of the building structure such as a building in order. Is most commonly done.

In this case, another layer or cloth may be interposed in the middle so as not to hinder the role of each layer.

In this polymerization, it is not particularly necessary to adhere the layers to each other, but rather the roots of grass and plants cause the layers to securely hold the layers like punching.

Then, turf or plant seeds are sown on the vegetation (1) of the above-mentioned layered structure. To seed these seeds, two other layers are superposed on the building structure, and then the vegetation layer on the upper surface thereof. (1) Or when there is a reticulate body (4), seeds may be sowed on the vegetation layer (1) from above the reticulate body (4), or at another place, only the vegetation layer (1) is seeded. After seeding and germination, the layered structure may be polymerized.

In this case, fertilizer is appropriately applied to support the growth of the germinated turf both when it is germinated directly on the building structure as a layered structure and when only the vegetation layer is germinated at another place and then transferred to the building structure. Preferably.

Particularly when germinated on a building structure, it is effective to cover the vegetation layer (1) with a damp non-woven fabric or a mat in order to prevent scattering against moderate dampness and strong wind. But don't forget to put in appropriate sunlight.

Next, the uppermost synthetic resin net (4) and the lowermost synthetic resin sheet (5) in FIG. 1 will be described. The synthetic resin net (4) and the sheet (5) form an essential part of the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention. First, the former, that is, the synthetic resin net (which is placed on the uppermost layer) ( 4) is placed on the uppermost layer of the above-mentioned three-layered layered structure, and the periphery thereof is fixed by a fastener fixed to the building structure at an appropriate interval, for example, 30 to 50 cm.

This mesh (4) distributes the load as evenly as possible over the entire surface when a person walks, recedes or uses a mower, so that the load is concentrated on a specific place of the vegetation layer (1). In addition to preventing it, it protects against wind and typhoons.

In particular, it is important to prevent scattering of each layer (1), (2) and (3) of the layered structure, as well as grass and plants caused by strong winds at a high place of a building structure such as a rooftop of a building or a balcony.

Therefore, as a method for fixing the net-like body (4), it is connected to a fastener provided on the floor of the roof or on the surrounding wall at an appropriate interval, or is attached to the construction structure with wires or the like with an appropriate weight and length. The method of mooring to the sano pressing rod is used.

This mesh body (4) is made of high-pressure polyethylene (high-density polyethylene) and its mesh size is 10 to 30 mm.
Use a reticulated body with a longitudinal and transverse tensile strength of 500 to 1,000 kg / m according to the overall size and area. The color is preferably green and the weight is suitably 500 to 1,000 g / m ² .

On the other hand, the synthetic resin sheet (5) for water stopping and root cutting of the lowermost layer requires extra rainwater on the sheet to drain the excess liquid fertilizer in a completely appropriate manner, and the thickness is usually 1-3m
A soft vinyl chloride sheet of about m is suitable, and black is generally used.

Thus, these synthetic resin nets (4) and sheets (5)
Means to facilitate walking and mowing on the layered structure in cooperation with the layered structure based on the above three layers, and to secure the water stopping performance and the root cutting performance of plants for protecting the building structure. You can

(Effects of the Invention) The present invention is composed of a non-woven fiber structure containing synthetic fibers as a main material as described above, has breathability, and has different properties such as fiber density and water retention, and has respective roles. It is a layered structure that basically includes three layers, a vegetation layer, a protection layer and a drainage layer, and by installing this on the roof or balcony of a building structure such as a building, roots necessary for vegetation such as grass Protecting the soil, circulating air, supplying a suitable amount of water, draining, fertilizing, etc. eliminates the need to use soil, reduces the weight suitable for rooftop use, and provides the possibility of walking and lying down. In recent years, it has a remarkable effect on the vegetation of plants on the floor of a building, such as on the roof of a building structure or on a balcony, which has been of great interest recently.

That is, according to the layered structure of the present invention, the vegetation layer has water retention and air permeability suitable for vegetation of plants such as turf from seeds, and the protective layer is necessary for the roots and the necessary space for holding the roots. The drainage layer eliminates fresh water supply and accumulated water that causes root rot, drains excess rainwater moderately, and has elasticity and secures a support capacity suitable for walking as a whole. Thus, it is possible to facilitate vegetation of plants that do not use soil on rooftops.

In particular, the above-mentioned layered structure has a total weight of only 40 to 60 kg / m ² , and it is safe because there is no risk of people walking beyond the allowable load on the rooftop plaza or balcony floor under the Building Standards Act. There is an advantage that the structure of the roof plaza or the balcony floor, which is necessary when using soil, does not require special reinforcement.

Moreover, the invention according to claim 2 is such that a predetermined synthetic resin net-like body is further arranged on the uppermost layer of the layered structure, and a synthetic resin sheet is arranged on the lowermost layer. The body cooperates with the layered structure based on the above-mentioned three layers to facilitate walking, mowing, etc. on it, and evenly distributes the load applied on it over the entire surface, and at the same time averages the surface layer. It has a feature that it can be kept stable to wind and typhoons, etc., and the root of the plant that extends from the drainage layer enters the fine cracks of the concrete surface and the waterproof layer in the bottom synthetic resin sheet and damages it. It has the effect of preventing squeezing and completely preventing water leakage on the rooftop surface, and more stable and effective vegetation of plants on the building structure.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a construction state of the layered structure according to the present invention. (1) ... plant vegetation layer, (2) ... protective layer, (3) ... drainage layer, (4) ... synthetic resin net, (5) ... synthetic resin sheet.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Akiyoshi Tsubota 3-17-8-105 Ogaya, Otsu-shi, Shiga Prefecture (72) Inventor Takeshi Nakai 2-2-29 Matsubara, Hikone-shi, Shiga (56) References Actual Kai 54-40832 (JP, U)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A first non-woven fabric comprising three layers of a non-woven fibrous structure in which synthetic fibers are a main material and constituent fibers are intertwined with each other, and is polymerized without using soil. The fibrous structure layer has air permeability and water retention, but is a vegetation layer suitable for vegetating plants such as turf from seeds, since the fiber density and its air permeability and water retention are both in the middle of the other two layers. The second non-woven fibrous structure layer has appropriate air permeability and water permeability, but has the highest fiber density and water retention as compared with the other two layers. It is a protective layer with a protective function, and the third non-woven fiber structure layer has the highest air permeability compared to the other two layers, but has the lowest fiber density and water retention, and also has elasticity and excess. A drainage layer that is suitable for draining rainwater and has sufficient holding power to support the whole. Plant vegetation for layered structures characterized. 2. The layered structure for plant vegetation according to claim 1, wherein a synthetic resin net-like material is layered on the uppermost layer and a synthetic resin sheet having water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance on the lowermost layer. A layered structure for plant vegetation, characterized by being obtained by polymerizing.