JP2000060296A - Growth foundation bed used for greening horizontal plane and low slope and greening body linking to the growth foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant growth foundation bed that can continue semipermanent thick growth without release or dropout of the plants in the future with saved labor for control of watering and the like and greening bodies of good growth rate that can permit the planting regardless of the environments and the seasons. SOLUTION: A net 2 that has high tensile strength and is used for entangling plant roots thereto is included between water-retaining mats 3. Since plant roots are sufficiently entangled to the net 2, the net continues fixing the plants, even after the mats as a growing bed decays and decomposes in the future. Small-sized seedlings having culture soil with a high fertilization capacity are used as a propagation material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial structure, particularly a growth base used for greening a roof or the like having a waterproof layer in a place where there is a risk of humidification such as a flat surface or a gently sloping surface, and the growth base. The present invention relates to a green body that binds to.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method for greening a building or wall surface constructed of concrete, or an artificial structure such as a river bank, the present inventor has already proposed an independent ultra-thin layer greening panel in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-33807. Then, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-15657
Net system for thin-layer greening in 9 and Japanese Patent Application 1
With the adhesive type thin layer greening unit of 0-210229, a method of sticking to a greening target surface and performing greening has been proposed.

The adhesive type thin layer greening unit of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-210229, which was developed mainly for greening a flat surface or a gently sloping surface, used a fixture such as an anchor when fixing it to the surface to be greened. Compared with the conventional methods, it is fixed by adhering without making holes, and is useful for rooftops with waterproof layers. Basically, from the top, it consists of three layers, a greening plant, a growth base, and an adhesive layer, and the growth base and the adhesive layer are combined to form a growth base. For the growth base, use a water-retentive mat and a drainage mat that are integrated by sewing or fixing with metal fittings, or a water-retaining ball made of a material with a drainage function and made into a single mat. It is characterized by performing water retention and drainage while being a thin layer. However, since the roots of the plant cannot enter the lower adhesive layer, the mat of the growth base with which the root is entangled will be decomposed and decomposed in the future, so that the entry place of the root may be lost and the plant may fall off. In addition, since the plants used are extremely difficult to humidify, the plants will be damaged in places where the installation environment is poorly drained, so it is necessary to install separate drainage facilities. In particular, it is necessary to devise a growth base and greenery so that it can be used semi-permanently in an adhesive type thin layer greening unit that is often used on flat surfaces and gently sloping surfaces, and other devices that use fixtures.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention ensures that the roots of plants are firmly fixed, especially when greening is performed on a flat surface or a gently sloping surface,
A growth base that allows the plant to grow semi-permanently and can be preserved, and the amount of greenery can be adjusted during cultivation,
The present invention provides a greened plant which can be combined with the growth base regardless of the season and suitable for construction.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a net having a water retaining function and a draining function with a tensile strength and a net which allows the roots to be entangled. In addition, a pipe for draining excess water will be installed at the bottom of the growth base for use in poorly drained areas. Not only can green plants be created independently and stored as rolls, but they can also be used as a growth base integrated with green plants by creating them on a growth base, or a net system for thin-layer greening of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-156579. Is used as it is as a greening body. Also, make sure that the construction site is not contaminated by covering the growth base with a dirt prevention mat or by not using soil for cultivating greenery.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The growth base of the present invention is made of a non-woven fabric mat made of a water-retaining material and a water-draining material, respectively, which are fixed together by a metal fitting or sewn into one piece, There is a single mat from the manufacturing stage by mixing the materials, and in each case, a net for root entrapment with strong tensile strength is installed near the middle.

FIG. 1 shows a growth substrate 1 made by combining a plurality of mats with an adhesive layer used in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-210229. A water-retentive mat 3 incorporating a tensile-strength root entrainment net 2 is arranged in the upper part, and a drainable mat 4 is arranged in the lower part. The upper mat is one in which the net is assembled between two mats having water retention ability, and is fastened or sewn with metal fittings as shown in FIG. Use a water retaining mat with a net. The use of a water-retaining mat with a net saves the labor of inserting the net and is efficient. The mat, which contains water, ensures that the roots of the plant are firm and fully entangled before they decay and decompose. Even after the mat is lost, a stable net with the roots surely entangled remains.

For the water-retaining mat or the water-retaining mat containing a net, it is useful to use a hemp / pulp non-woven fabric or a cotton / pulp non-woven fabric having a thickness of about 2 cm and an appropriate water retention. There is no particular limitation on the material as long as it is a material capable of obtaining the desired water retention amount, such as an artificial fiber such as polypropylene or a non-woven fabric of natural fiber such as hemp, wool and cotton.

The net sandwiched between two mats having a water retaining capacity or the net of the water retaining mat with a net provides tensile strength to the growth base to protect the surface to be installed and secure the fixation. Also, entangle the roots of plants to prevent them from falling off. The mesh size of the net is 4 m, the size of which the roots are well entangled.
m to 10 mm. Non-degradable material polyethylene,
Use polypropylene or the like.

As the mat having a drainage power used for the lower part, a non-decomposable material such as polyethylene, polypropylene or a non-woven fabric which is stable for a long period of time is used. There is no limitation as long as it has a drainage function for other purposes.

The following is a growth base having a water retaining / draining function with one sheet. Basically, it is a mixture of water-retaining material and drainage material. It has a tensile strength at a position where it does not contact the surface and the bottom, and incorporates a net that entangles the root to make a single mat. The net is not placed on the surface of the mat to avoid decomposition by light (ultraviolet rays),
It is placed in a position where it does not come into contact with the bottom in order to secure a place for the root of the plant to enter and to improve the entanglement of the root.

As the water-retaining material, artificial lightweight soil, gravel or fiber having water-retaining power is used. Lightweight soil such as peat moss and pearlite perlite are lightweight and have higher water retention than general soil and are stable as water retention materials for a long time. It is also useful to use low denier fibers as water retention balls.

As the material having drainage property, gravel materials such as obsidian perlite which is an artificial lightweight soil, high denier fiber, and pumice which is made of a material having no water retention capacity are used.

The dirt-preventing mat that encloses the entire one mat prevents the artificial lightweight soil or gravel material used for the mat of the growth base from spilling. For adhesive type,
Dirt and dust reduce the adhesive strength and should not be used. The material of the mat for preventing dirt is not particularly limited.

As an example of how to make one mat, the following 4
Let one be a typical method. A is a low denier fiber having high water retention and low water permeability as a material 11 having water retention ability, and a water retention sphere which is granulated by using compressed peat moss as a material 12 having drainage ability. It is a collection of fibers. Water-retaining materials such as vermiculite and peat moss can be used instead of water-retaining balls. B is a material 12 having drainage property, which is made up of granular materials such as obsidian pearlite, which has low water retention and high water permeability, high denier fiber, pumice, etc., which is made of a material that does not retain water Is. Further, C is a mixture of a granular material 11 having a water retaining capacity and a material 12 having a drainage capacity.
The above is as shown in FIG. Furthermore, pearlite perlite and porous gravel, which have high water retention and high water permeability, are used alone. Use the one that suits your purpose and purpose.

In a place with poor drainage, a drainage pipe 10 or one having a similar function is installed in the center of the bottom of the growth base of a plurality of mats and a single mat in order to assist the drainage function of the mat itself. The pipe is basically made of a soft material that can be bent with a diameter of about 3 cm. As shown in FIG. 4, a three-dimensional lattice 13 covered with a mat 14 for preventing clogging, a tube having a large number of holes, and the like are preferable, and a material that returns to its original shape even when crushed is desirable. Various shapes such as round shape and square shape are conceivable. Since the required amount of drainage varies depending on the angle of inclination of the surface to be greened, use a thickness and form that suits the situation.

As a method for mounting the drainage pipe in the center of the bottom of the growth base, in the case of a growth base having an adhesive layer, the double-sided adhesive tape of the adhesive layer is used for attachment. Japanese Patent Application 10-
In the adhesive type thin layer greening unit of 210229, as shown in FIG. 5A, the drainage grooves 10c are provided at appropriate intervals in the vertical direction from both sides and the central position of the 100 cm wide growth base.
A double-sided adhesive tape having a width of m to 15 cm is attached. The drainage pipe of the present invention is installed between the growth base and the central double-sided adhesive tape. However, in order to perform a good drainage action of the pipe, the double-sided adhesive tape in the longitudinal center is cut to a length of about 10 cm and placed at intervals of 50 cm, as shown in FIG. 5B. When using a fixing tool such as an anchor, fasten it with sewing or metal fittings. It is also useful to install a drainage pipe on the surface to be greened in advance without mounting it on the growth base and stack the growth base and the greenery on it.

The present invention is mainly for greening a gentle slope or a flat surface, and has been developed with particular emphasis on drainage action.
If the construction site has a slope of 30 ° or more, natural drainage is sufficient. On steep slopes of 45 ° or more, it is necessary to consider water retention. The mats finished by the above four methods are used according to the application and purpose, but in addition, the necessary water retention and drainage functions can be obtained by examining the condition of the slope of the construction site and the type of plants used. To freely combine.

The growth base of the present invention is 100 cm in length, one roll has a weight of 20 kg, and is cut into a required length before use. Japanese Patent Application No. 10-21 as a method for fixing to the surface to be greened
When the adhesive layer in the adhesive-type greening unit of 0229 is used, the growth base of the present invention is overlaid on the adhesive layer composed of a mat and a double-sided adhesive tape, which easily obtains adhesive strength, and the greened product of the present invention Pile up. As shown in FIG. 2, the greening body 16, the growth base 1, and the mat 6 where the adhesive strength is easily obtained are fixed by the fixing metal fittings 8, and the double-sided adhesive tape is adhered to the mat where the adhesive strength is easily obtained by the adhesive function. The adhesive function of the double-sided adhesive tape fixes it to the installation target surface.
In the growth base of the present invention, even after the mat is corroded and decomposed, the net for root entrapment that remains incorporated in the water retention mat remains and firmly adheres to the adhesive layer, preventing separation from the target surface. In the case of fixing to the target surface using a fixture such as an anchor,
Even after the mat is corroded and decomposed, the net maintains its strength and is securely fixed by a fixing tool such as an anchor, so that it does not fall off from the target surface.

Next, there is a green body that is bound to the upper part of the growth base. There are some places where the greenery on the flat surface or gentle slope is good for plants, but the rooftops, which are in high demand, are harsh places that are always exposed to light (ultraviolet rays) and wind and rain. We will use greenery that suits the situation so that we can respond to a variety of environments, as well as the time of construction and the amount of greenery at the time of construction.

The greened plant provided in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-210229 is a plant breeding material covered with a mat having air permeability and water retention. It retains water and drains water, and depending on the breeding material, can be stored for a long time. Since it is used, the corresponding range is wide. It is also possible to use the net system for thin layer greening of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-156579 in which a breeding material is sandwiched between two nets or between a net and a mat as it is as a greening body. The net system does not have independent water retention and drainage functions, but the mechanism is simple. When a net and mat are used, the net for root entrapment to be incorporated into the growth base can be omitted by using the mat having the net for root entrapment incorporated therein. If desired, perforated felt, pulp, or straw may be incorporated on the propagation material between nets or between nets and mats as a protective mat to prevent transpiration. Whether the mat is used, the net is used, or the net and the mat are used, the green plant is basically a continuous product with a width of 100 cm and a weight of up to 20 kg, and is stored as a roll and cut into a length according to the growth base before use.

When the green plant in roll form is used without being cultivated, the growing base is installed at the construction site and then cut into an appropriate length to be joined, or the growing base and the green plant are placed in another place. And then carry it to the construction site. When the adhesive layer of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-210229 is used as the fixing method, the adhesive layer is installed on the growth substrate, which is the growth substrate equipped with the adhesive layer.

When the amount of green is required at an early stage, the rolled green plant is cultivated before use. The method for cultivating the greening body 16 is performed by laying a mulching sheet 15 on the ridges 19 as shown in FIG. Instead of using soil such as joint soil, irrigate with sprinklers and cultivate. Japanese Patent Application No. 10-21
The green plant using a mat having air permeability and water retention in 0229 and the green plant using a net and a mat in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-156579 are cultivated by installing them on a mulching sheet and used as a growth base or a growth base at a construction site. Join. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the greening bodies 16 may be stacked on the growth base 1 or the growth base body, combined at the cultivation place, and then shipped. The greening plants using the upper and lower nets do not have growth bases themselves, so they should be placed on a growth base or a growth base and then stacked at the cultivation site before being shipped.

There is also a method of cultivating by forming a green body on the growth base 1 or on the growth base body without taking an independent form as the green body. As shown in FIG. 8, a mulching sheet 12 is laid on the ridges 19 and a growth base or a growth base is set.
The propagation material 18 (small seedlings with soil in the figure) of the plant is evenly sown and covered with a run-off prevention net 17 from above. The net prevents the propagation of the propagation material of the plant and also prevents the plant from migrating and dropping until the root has settled. The mesh size of the net needs to be large enough for plants to grow and pass through, and the result of the experiment is 19 mm to 20 mm.
Except for a particularly harsh environment, the net only needs to maintain its strength until the roots of the plant have rooted, and it is desirable to use a degradable material such as cotton or hemp as an environmental consideration. It is cultivated by irrigation without using soil such as joint soil, and the completed unit where plants grow is transported to the construction site.

In the case of creating a greened plant on a growth base, there is a simpler method of constructing the growth base. From the top, use a linen cloth, a net for root entrapment (using a non-degradable material with a mesh of 4 mm in the experiment), and a water-retentive mat (a non-woven fabric of hemp and pulp in the experiment). The growth base has a simple structure, reduces costs and labor for combination, and expands the range of demand.

By using a small seedling having a soil as a breeding material for the plant, it was possible to preserve it for a long period of time without cultivating it even when it is used as a greening plant or directly as a growth base. As a result of repeated experiments, small seedlings with cultivated soil showed a high survival rate on the growth base and a high coverage rate. If the whole or buds of the plant in a strong dormant state are used as a small seedling, it will be a resistant breeding material that enables construction in midwinter or midsummer. Furthermore, since the initial growth of the dormant plants is vigorous even under severe conditions, the amount of green can be obtained early when cultivated.

The size of a small seedling having a cultivation level is basically 1 cm (vertical) × 1 cm (horizontal) × 1 cm (height), one for each cultivation and several 1 cm for one row. (Vertical) x 2
Create with 2 types of 5 cm (horizontal) x 1 cm (height).
It may be changed to some extent depending on the type of plant, the desired cultivation period, and the coverage rate. Cultivation is done on plates. 25 cm x 53 c
If a commonly used plate of mx 3 cm is used, 162 for each one, 2 for connected type
You can create zero. Use properly according to the situation.

The number of small seedlings having a soil required for greening an area of 1 m ² is 40 when cultivated, and around 80 when not cultivated, when using one seedling. Similarly, if you use continuous ones, if you cultivate,
If not cultivated, it is around 10.

[0029]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, the tensile strength of the growth base itself and the degree of fixation of plants are increased to prevent the peeling from the surface to be planted and prevent the plants from falling off, thus ensuring the fixation.

By equipping the growth base with a drainage pipe or one having the same function as the drainage pipe, it is not necessary to provide a separate drainage facility even in a place where humidification is a concern.

The growth base or the growth base on which a green body is formed on the growth base body and integrated with the green body is more simplified, and the labor and cost of the work are reduced. The functions have been integrated into one sheet, and it has been made into a material and made easy to use.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view when a growth base of a plurality of mats according to the present invention is used with an adhesive layer.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method of fixing a growth base and a greening body of a plurality of mats of the present invention by using a metal fitting, and a root entry state of the plant.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a growth base using a single mat according to the present invention, which is designated as A, B, or C depending on the type.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a form of a drainage pipe.

FIG. 5A is a bottom view of the adhesive type greening unit of Japanese Patent Application No. 10-210229, and B is a bottom view showing an example of mounting the drainage pipe of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for cultivating a green plant.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for cultivating a green plant on a growth base.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for directly cultivating a green plant on a growth base.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Growth base 2 Net for root entrapment 3 Water-retentive mat 4 Drainable mat 5 Adhesive layer 6 Matt that easily obtains adhesive strength 7 Double-sided adhesive tape 8 Fixing metal fittings 9 Extremely dry plants 10 Drainage pipe 11 Water-retentive material 12 Materials with drainage 13 three-dimensional lattice 14 Anti-clogging mat 15 mulching sheet 16 greenery 17 Net for prevention of expulsion 18 Breeding material 19 ridges

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A growth base in which a water-retentive mat with a net for root entrapment is placed in the upper part and a non-degradable mat having drainage power is placed in the lower part and fixed by sewing or metal fittings. 2. A growth base characterized in that a material for retaining water and a material for draining are mixed, a net for root entrapment is incorporated from the manufacturing stage, and finished into one mat. 3. The growth base according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the entire mat is covered with a stain-prevention mat to prevent spillage and dust of the granular material. 4. The growth base according to claim 1, wherein a drainage pipe or a pipe having the same function as the drainage pipe is provided in the center of the bottom. 5. A plant propagation material which is extremely resistant to dryness is sandwiched between two nets, a mat having water retention capacity, or a mat having water retention capacity and stored as an independent roll body for construction. A green plant characterized by being combined with a growth base together. 6. The method according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 3, wherein the material for propagating the plant is evenly sown on the upper part and covered with a net for preventing runoff, and the greenery is attached independently. Item 4. The growth base according to item 4. 7. The greening plant according to claim 5, wherein a small seedling having a soil is used as a propagation material for the plant. 8. The growth base according to claim 6, wherein a small seedling having a soil is used as a breeding material for the plant.