JP3733611B2 - Structure greening method - Google Patents

Structure greening method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3733611B2
JP3733611B2 JP12241895A JP12241895A JP3733611B2 JP 3733611 B2 JP3733611 B2 JP 3733611B2 JP 12241895 A JP12241895 A JP 12241895A JP 12241895 A JP12241895 A JP 12241895A JP 3733611 B2 JP3733611 B2 JP 3733611B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
planting
nonwoven fabric
greening method
sheet material
periphery
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JP12241895A
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JPH08308375A (en
Inventor
耕三 塩田
晴果 小川
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Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32Roof garden systems

Landscapes

  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、構造物の屋上などに植栽を施すための土壌として不織布を用いた緑化工法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近ではビルなどの屋上やバルコニーに植栽を施すことにより都市部に不足する緑を拡大することが行われている。この緑化用土壌として通常の土を用いた場合には潅水量に応じて屋上部に相当な荷重が加わるため、新築の建築物ではこれらの荷重に耐えられる構造の躯体を予め設計して構築しなければならず、建設費の上昇に繋がる。また、既存建築物の場合にはその耐荷重は予め定まってしまっているため、耐荷重向上のための改良を施すか、場合によっては植栽を断念する場合もある。
【0003】
したがって、従来では各種軽量土壌を用いることによって、少しでも荷重の増加を軽減することが行われているが、それでも30cm厚当たりの荷重は300Kg/m 2 の荷重増となる。さらには土壌による排水孔の目詰まりや、風散等による汚染の問題もあった。
【0004】
これに対し土に代えて不織布を用いることも提案されている。このものは前記軽量土壌に比べてその荷重は1/7程度と軽量であり、保水,保肥性に優れ、根張りを妨げることがなく、しかも排水孔の目詰まりや風散がなくまた植栽用不織布の交換も容易に行なえる利点があり、適度な潅水システムと組み合わせることにより植栽が可能となる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記不織布は軽量であるがゆえに、風等の煽りを受けて浮き上がる惧れがあり、また灌木のごとき低木を植栽した場合には自立性を十分に確保することができず、強風などにより移動したり転倒する虞れがある。
【0006】
したがって、該種不織布は実際には単に平らに敷き並べただけで使用され、専ら芝生または花などの植栽程度にしか利用できなかった。
【0007】
この発明は、不織布自体の構造物に対する定着を図るとともに、植栽が樹木である場合に自立性を保持できるようにすることを目的とする。
【0008】
またこの発明は、造形の自由度が高い構造物の緑化工法を提供することを他の目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、この発明の緑化工法は、構造物の上面に緑化のための土壌を構成する、不織布を複数層積層してなる立体形状の造形物を造成し、前記造形物の表面を網目状のシート材で被覆し、該シート材の周縁を構造物に固定することで前記造形物を構造物上に定着させることを特徴とする。
また、このような構造物の緑化工法において、積層された前記不織布の層間に散水管や施肥管を埋設することとしてもよいし、前記シート材の周縁を前記造形物の周囲を縁どる固定リングで押さえ、この固定リングを前記構造物に固定することにより前記造形物を前記構造物に定着することとしてもよい。
【0010】
【作用】
以上の構成によれば、不織布により構成される造形物はシート材によって浮き上がり防止される。植栽はシート材の網目の間から表面に成長する。成長時において植栽の幹,茎の周囲は網目間に拘束される。不織布の積層方法や組合せにより築山その他造園用の造形物を自由に設計できる。
【0011】
【実施例】
図1(a)〜(c)はこの発明にかかる緑化工法の施工手順を示す。同図は造園設計のうち造形物として築山の施工に適用したもので、図1(a)に示すように、表面防水施工されたビルなどの屋上等の構造物1の表面に、所定厚みの不織布2を円盤状となるように集積し、この円盤の径を小さくしたものを順次3ないし4段積層することにより、図1(b)に示すように、多段円形の立体形状の築山3が造成される。
【0012】
なお、不織布2は、一般にその密度や製造方法によって形状が異なり、図2 (a)に示すように柔らかいフェルト状の不織布2はロール状をなした状態で供給されるか、図2(b)に示すように、密度が高く剛性の高い不織布2である場合には、例えば定尺もののボード状で供給される。
【0013】
いずれの形態の不織布2であっても、現場で展張しつつ水平に敷設し、カッターなどにより縁部を切断して造園設計に応じた築山3の形状に合わせながら敷設作業を行なう。なお、各不織布2同士は積層方向および横方向で適宣箇所スポット的に接着しても良いし、他の機械的な位置決め連結手段を用いて結合することも可能である。さらには必要に応じて不織布2の層間に散水システムなどの散水管や施肥管も埋設することもできる。
【0014】
さらに、不織布2の積層厚みは植栽の種類によっても異なるが、少くとも該当する植物の成長や根張りに支障のない深さに対応する厚みに計画される。
【0015】
築山3の造成後、必要に応じて種蒔きあるいは芝生等の移植を行うことができる。芝生の場合には所定面積に揃えたものを単に表面に敷設し、竹釘などによって築山3上に定着させれば良い。
【0016】
次いで図1(c)に示すように築山3の上面を網目状のシート4で覆い、シート4の周縁を築山3の周囲を縁どる固定リング5で押さえ、アンカーボルト6などにより固定リング5を構造物1の表面に固定し、シート4の周縁を構造物1と固定リング5の間に挾持することで、築山3は構造物1上に定着し、風などの煽りを受けることによる浮き上がりが防止される。
【0017】
なお、植栽のうち芝生の場合、シート4を被せる以前に敷設しても芝草はシート4の網目の間から成長し、築山3の表面全体を覆うことができ、また種蒔による植栽の場合にもその芽は網目の間から成長することになる。
【0018】
図3は施工を完了した築山3の断面を示し、不織布2の各段部は被せられたシート4の緊張力により潰され、なだらかな丘状の築山3となる。
【0019】
なお、以上の築山3の平面形状や面積、最大積層厚み等は屋上造園計画に応じて適宜設定できるが、不織布2や植栽、潅水を施した場合における総合重量と、構造物の耐荷重を考慮して設定される。
【0020】
また、図1(b)の築山3の造成後以外に、図3に示す完成後に樹木7の植栽を行なうこともできる。この場合は発根したさし木の移植、または成長樹木の移植等の方法であるが、いずれもシート4の網目の間において、不織布2をクロスカットし、そのクロスカットした中心に植えこみ、潅水すれば植栽作業を完了する。シート4のメッシュの大きさは植栽の種類に応じて選択される。
【0021】
成長時において樹木7の幹の周囲はシート4の網目に拘束されてある程度転倒防止されるが、針金などの支線による支持手段を用いて3点支持することで転倒を確実に防止できる。
【0022】
以上説明した植栽の種類やその配植については、施主の好みに応じた造園計画に応じて行なわれるが、特に構造物が高層ビル等の屋上部では風,雨及び日射等が顕著であるから、これらの厳しい気象条件に適合する種類が選択される。
【0023】
なお、前記実施例では、この発明を円形の築山に適用した場合を示したが、造園計画に応じて種々の変形施工が可能である。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
この発明による構造物の緑化工法は、軽量土壌を用いた場合に比べてその荷重が全体として1/7に低減し、構造物の耐荷重を軽減でき、既存構造物に植栽を施す場合に有利である。不織布による造形物はシート材によって覆われているため、風などの煽りを受けて浮き上がる惧れがなく、土埃などの発生もない利点がある。
【0025】
またこの発明における植栽はシート材の網目の間から表面に成長し、成長時において植物の幹,茎の周囲は網目間に拘束されるため、簡単な支持手段だけで低木を植栽する場合の自立性も十分に確保できる。
【0026】
さらにこの発明では、不織布の積層方法の選択により築山その他造園用の地形を自由に造形でき、設計の自由度も高い利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)〜(c)はこの発明の緑化工法を築山の造成に適用した施工手順を示す説明図である。
【図2】(a),(b)は不織布の形状例を示す説明図である。
【図3】施工完了した築山の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 構造物
2 不織布
3 築山(造形物)
4 網目状シート
6 アンカーボルト
7 樹木
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a greening method using a non-woven fabric as soil for planting a rooftop of a structure or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, the lack of greenery in urban areas has been expanded by planting rooftops and balconies of buildings. When normal soil is used as the soil for greening, a considerable load is applied to the rooftop according to the amount of irrigation, so in newly constructed buildings, a structure that can withstand these loads is designed and constructed in advance. This will lead to an increase in construction costs. In the case of an existing building, the load resistance is determined in advance, and therefore, an improvement for improving the load resistance may be performed, or planting may be abandoned in some cases.
[0003]
Therefore, conventionally, the use of various lightweight soils has been used to reduce the increase in load as much as possible, but the load per 30 cm thickness still increases by 300 kg / m 2 . Furthermore, there were problems of clogging of drain holes due to soil and contamination due to wind scattering.
[0004]
On the other hand, it is also proposed to use a non-woven fabric instead of soil. Compared to the lightweight soil, this load is about 1/7 lighter, has excellent water retention and fertilization properties, does not interfere with rooting, and does not clog drainage holes or scatter. There is an advantage that the non-woven fabric for planting can be easily exchanged, and planting becomes possible by combining with an appropriate irrigation system.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the nonwoven fabric is lightweight, it may be lifted by wind or other swaying, and when planting a shrub such as a shrub, sufficient independence cannot be ensured and moved by strong winds etc. There is a risk of falling or falling.
[0006]
Therefore, the seed non-woven fabric is actually used simply by laying it flat and can only be used for planting grass or flowers.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to fix the nonwoven fabric itself to the structure and to maintain the independence when the planting is a tree.
[0008]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a greening method for a structure having a high degree of freedom in modeling.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, greening method of this invention constitute a soil for planting on the upper surface of the structure, to construct a shaped article of a three-dimensional shape formed by a nonwoven fabric and a plurality of layers laminated, the surface of the shaped article Is covered with a mesh-like sheet material and the periphery of the sheet material is fixed to the structure to fix the shaped object on the structure.
Further, in such a greening method for a structure, a watering pipe or a fertilizer pipe may be embedded between layers of the laminated nonwoven fabric, and a fixing ring that rims the periphery of the sheet material around the shaped article It is good also as fixing the said modeling thing to the said structure by hold | suppressing and fixing this fixing ring to the said structure.
[0010]
[Action]
According to the above structure, the modeling object comprised with a nonwoven fabric is prevented from rising by a sheet material. Planting grows on the surface through the mesh of the sheet material. When growing, the area around the trunk and stem of the planting is restrained between the meshes. You can freely design shaped objects for construction and other landscaping by the lamination method and combination of nonwoven fabrics.
[0011]
【Example】
Fig.1 (a)-(c) shows the construction procedure of the tree planting method concerning this invention. The figure is applied to the construction of a mountain as a modeled object in the landscaping design. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the surface of the structure 1 such as a roof or the like having a surface waterproof construction has a predetermined thickness. By stacking the nonwoven fabrics 2 in a disc shape and sequentially laminating three to four layers of the discs having a reduced diameter, as shown in FIG. Created.
[0012]
The shape of the nonwoven fabric 2 is generally different depending on its density and manufacturing method. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the soft felt-shaped nonwoven fabric 2 is supplied in a roll shape, or FIG. 2 (b). In the case of the nonwoven fabric 2 having a high density and high rigidity as shown in FIG.
[0013]
In any form of the nonwoven fabric 2, it is laid horizontally while being spread at the site, and the laying work is performed while cutting the edge with a cutter or the like to match the shape of the erected mountain 3 according to the landscaping design. Note that the nonwoven fabrics 2 may be bonded to each other in a spot-like manner in the laminating direction and the lateral direction, or may be bonded using other mechanical positioning connection means. Furthermore, if necessary, a watering pipe such as a watering system or a fertilizer pipe can be embedded between the layers of the nonwoven fabric 2.
[0014]
Furthermore, although the lamination | stacking thickness of the nonwoven fabric 2 changes also with the kind of planting, it is planned to the thickness corresponding to the depth which does not have trouble in the growth and rooting of a corresponding plant at least.
[0015]
After construction of Tsukiyama 3, seeding or lawn transplanting can be performed as necessary. In the case of lawn, it is only necessary to lay a thing with a predetermined area on the surface and fix it on the construction mountain 3 with bamboo nails or the like.
[0016]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1C, the upper surface of the mountain 3 is covered with a mesh-like sheet 4, the periphery of the sheet 4 is pressed with a fixing ring 5 that surrounds the periphery of the mountain 3, and the fixing ring 5 is fixed with an anchor bolt 6 or the like. By fixing to the surface of the structure 1 and holding the periphery of the sheet 4 between the structure 1 and the fixing ring 5, the construction mountain 3 is fixed on the structure 1 and is lifted by receiving wind or other sway. Is prevented.
[0017]
In addition, in the case of lawn among planting, turf grass can grow from between the mesh of sheet 4 even if it is laid before covering with sheet 4, and can cover the entire surface of Tsukiyama 3, and in the case of planting with seeds The buds grow from the mesh.
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the completed rock 3, and each step of the nonwoven fabric 2 is crushed by the tension of the covered sheet 4, resulting in a gentle hill-shaped rock 3.
[0019]
In addition, although the planar shape, area, maximum lamination thickness, etc. of the above-mentioned Tsukiyama 3 can be appropriately set according to the rooftop gardening plan, the total weight and the load resistance of the structure when the non-woven fabric 2, planting and irrigation are applied Set in consideration.
[0020]
In addition, after the completion of the construction 3 shown in FIG. 1B, the tree 7 can be planted after the completion shown in FIG. In this case, it is a method such as transplanting a rooted cutting tree or transplanting a growing tree. In either case, the nonwoven fabric 2 is cross-cut between the meshes of the sheet 4, and is planted in the center of the cross-cut, and then irrigated. Complete the planting work. The size of the mesh of the sheet 4 is selected according to the type of planting.
[0021]
During growth, the periphery of the trunk of the tree 7 is restrained to some extent by being restrained by the mesh of the sheet 4, but it is possible to reliably prevent the fall by supporting it at three points using a supporting means such as a wire.
[0022]
The types of planting described above and their planting are carried out according to the landscaping plan according to the owner's preference, but wind, rain, solar radiation, etc. are particularly noticeable on the rooftops of structures such as high-rise buildings. Therefore, a type that meets these severe weather conditions is selected.
[0023]
In addition, although the case where this invention was applied to circular mountain building was shown in the said Example, various deformation | transformation construction is possible according to a landscaping plan.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
The greening method of the structure according to the present invention reduces the load to 1/7 as a whole compared to the case of using light soil, can reduce the load resistance of the structure, and when planting an existing structure It is advantageous. Since the non-woven fabric is covered with a sheet material, there is an advantage that there is no possibility of floating due to wind and other dust, and there is no generation of dust.
[0025]
In addition, planting in this invention grows from the mesh of the sheet material to the surface, and around the trunk and stem of the plant is restrained between the meshes at the time of growth, so when planting a shrub with simple support Can be sufficiently secured.
[0026]
Furthermore, in the present invention, there is an advantage that the terrain for landscaping or other landscaping can be freely shaped by selecting the nonwoven fabric laminating method, and the degree of freedom in design is high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1C are explanatory views showing a construction procedure in which the tree planting method of the present invention is applied to the construction of a construction mountain.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are explanatory views showing an example of the shape of a nonwoven fabric.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a completed mountain.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Structure 2 Nonwoven fabric 3 Tsukiyama (modeled object)
4 Mesh sheet 6 Anchor bolt 7 Tree

Claims (3)

構造物の上面に緑化のための土壌を構成する、不織布を複数層積層してなる立体形状の造形物を造成し、
前記造形物の表面を網目状のシート材で被覆し、
該シート材の周縁を構造物に固定することで前記造形物を構造物上に定着させることを特徴とする構造物の緑化工法。
Create a three-dimensional shaped object formed by laminating multiple layers of non-woven fabric, which constitutes the soil for greening on the upper surface of the structure,
The surface of the shaped object covered with mesh-like sheet material,
A greening method for a structure, wherein the shaped object is fixed on the structure by fixing a periphery of the sheet material to the structure.
請求項1に記載の構造物の緑化工法において、In the greening method of the structure according to claim 1,
積層された前記不織布の層間に散水管や施肥管を埋設することを特徴とする構造物の緑化工法。  A greening method for a structure, characterized in that a water spray pipe or a fertilizer pipe is buried between the layers of the laminated nonwoven fabric.
請求項1または2に記載の構造物の緑化工法において、In the greening method of the structure according to claim 1 or 2,
前記シート材の周縁を、前記造形物の周囲を縁どる固定リングで押さえ、この固定リングを前記構造物に固定することにより前記造形物を前記構造物に定着することを特徴とする構造物の緑化工法。  The structure is characterized in that the structure is fixed to the structure by pressing the periphery of the sheet material with a fixing ring that rims the periphery of the structure, and fixing the fixing ring to the structure. Tree planting method.
JP12241895A 1995-05-22 1995-05-22 Structure greening method Expired - Fee Related JP3733611B2 (en)

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JP12241895A JP3733611B2 (en) 1995-05-22 1995-05-22 Structure greening method

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JPH08308375A JPH08308375A (en) 1996-11-26
JP3733611B2 true JP3733611B2 (en) 2006-01-11

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JP4725558B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2011-07-13 株式会社大林組 Rooftop greening system
JP2003018914A (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-21 Shinichiro Hayashi Greening material

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