JPH04144611A - Lamellar structure for setting plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To set lawn or grass flower without using soil on the concrete face of a rooftop of building and enable walking and lying thereon by constituting the title structure by superposing and installing three layers consisting of a plant layer, protective layer and water discharge layer each corresponding to the first layer, second layer and third layer. CONSTITUTION:The objective structure contains three layers consisting of a fibrous structure using a synthetic fiber as a main material and is constituted by superposing these three layers. The first layer has intermediate properties in fiber density, air permeability and water retaining property, compared with other two layers and is used as a planting layer 1 suitable for setting a plant such as lawn from a seed. The second layer is used as a protective layer 2 having root-passing-through property, retention of root and protecting function of plant root, because the layer 2 has proper air permeability and has the largest fiber density and water retaining property, compared with other two layers. Further, the third layer is used as a draining layer 3 suitable for draining excess rainwater, etc., and simultaneously having retention force enough to support the whole, because the third layer has the largest air permeability and the lowest fiber density and water retaining property, compared with other layers and further has elastic property. As a result, lawn, etc., can be planted on the concrete face using the objective structure.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention realizes greening without using soil as one of the skyfronts on the rooftops of buildings such as buildings, apartment complexes, and detached houses. The present invention relates to a layered structure for vegetation suitable for providing a place for relaxation by walking or lying on it at any time.

(Conventional technology) Currently, building rooftops are mostly used for cooling towers and drying areas and are not used much, with only a few shrines and plants. Urban development is being carried out with this in mind, and efforts are being made to significantly expand the lack of greenery in cities by planting grass and flowers on building rooftops and balconies, and greening rooftops and balcony spaces.

By the way, among the methods currently being attempted for growing grass and flowers on the roofs of buildings and concrete, the most common method is to use soil to grow the plants.

Of course, on the other hand, it is also known to grow vegetables and flowers using hydroponics, polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam, or non-woven fabric (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1983-1999)
9739, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-25408, etc.) There are some examples where this is carried out, but in most cases it is done in greenhouses or indoors, and people walk or lie down on it. It has not yet been used on a large scale, such as on the rooftops of buildings.

In addition, in order to ensure reliability, we use non-woven fabric and cover it with a net, and mats that combine water-absorbing materials with frames to reinforce them as plant cultivation mats that people can walk on. Proposed. (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 6
(Refer to Publication No. 0-98912) (Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in recent years, in addition to the conventional use of rooftop space, improvements have been made in terms of landscape and design of buildings such as buildings, apartment complexes, and detached houses. Skyfronts have been attracting attention and attention because rooftops and balconies are regarded as valuable spaces in the city, and they aim to provide relaxation and tranquility to users, as well as add value to buildings.

As the greening of rooftop spaces is being reconsidered from this perspective, the conventional method of using soil is to plant grass and flowers on the rooftop (concrete surface), and to walk on it, lie down, read, or chat. At least l0C1 to
Waterproofing measures are required because the soil of about 1 to 201 is brought onto the roof and the grass roots get into the cracks in the concrete. Moreover, when the soil is brought up to a rooftop, etc., the weight (
For example, the roof or balcony floor structure of a building must be reinforced because of the heavy weight (for example, 170 kg for ±10 cIB thickness), and the permissible load on the roof or balcony floor (according to current building standards is 180 kg).
/rd, so if the roof or balcony is filled with soil with a thickness of ±101, the weight will be 150 to 170 kg/n-
r, so if a person walks on it, there is a risk that the allowable load will be exceeded. ) Furthermore, soil washed away by rainwater etc. can cause buildings to become dirty, causing problems.

On the other hand, as mentioned above, hydroponic cultivation is not suitable for walking on building rooftops or balconies, and the method of combining frames and slope construction methods is also not suitable for growing on rooftops or balconies. This has led to the need for the development of a new rooftop vegetation system, which cannot be used for a wide range of plants and flowers.

In response to the above-mentioned trends of the times, the present invention has developed a new plant that can be used to grow grass and flowers on concrete surfaces such as building rooftops or balconies without using soil, and which can be walked on or lie down on. The purpose of this project is to realize the greening of building rooftops or balconies by finding layered structures for vegetation, thereby enhancing the aesthetic appearance of rooftops or balconies, increasing the area of greenery, and revitalizing urban areas. be.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, the structure of the layered structure of the present invention that meets the above purpose basically consists of a polymer structure including three layers of a fibrous structure mainly made of synthetic fibers. The first layer is intermediate in fiber density, air permeability, and water retention compared to the other two layers, and is a suitable vegetation layer for growing plants such as grass from seeds. It has the highest air permeability, but has the highest fiber density and water retention compared to the other two layers, and is a protective layer that has the functions of root penetration, root retention, and protection of plant roots.The third layer is breathable. Although it is the largest compared to the other two layers, it has the lowest fiber density and water retention, and is elastic and suitable for draining excess rainwater, etc., and has sufficient holding power to support the entire load. Another invention of the present invention as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that it is a drainage layer, is based on the above-mentioned layered structure, and a synthetic resin net is arranged on the uppermost layer, and a stopper is provided on the lowermost layer. It is a polymerized sheet made of synthetic resin that has water performance and plant root cutting performance.

(Function) The above-mentioned layered structure of the present invention is constructed for use as a plant on a rooftop or in a park.In construction, first of all, on a concrete surface such as a building roof, within the required range to be used for plants. A structure including three layers is obtained by laying the third layer to make it durable, and then sequentially polymerizing the second layer and the first layer (reinforcing cloth or the like may be interposed in between, if necessary). It is installed by forming and fixing the periphery as appropriate.

In addition, 1. The second and third layers may be simply polymerized, or may be partially fixed to prevent slippage.

In this way, the formed layered structure is obtained by sowing grass or plant seeds in the vegetation layer (first layer) and allowing them to germinate (before polymerizing the first layer into the second layer, Seeds may be sown directly in the layer and allowed to germinate.

) Appropriate fertilization is applied to support the growth of germinated grass and plants. and support the growth of plants.

On the other hand, the second root retaining layer has the role of firmly retaining the roots of grass or plants that have grown out, even though they are easily destroyed.

Therefore, it has a high fiber density and water retention capacity, and has suitable water permeability in both vertical and horizontal directions, which prevents water from accumulating and causing root rot, and constantly retains fresh water.

Furthermore, although its breathability is lower than that of the other two layers, it allows for an adequate supply of oxygen and protects the roots.

Furthermore, since the third drainage layer has a sufficient drainage function, sufficient drainage is provided for the amount of rainfall, and furthermore, it prevents standing water from forming and causing root rot in the foot protection layer.

In addition, the root protection layer and drainage layer have an appropriate thickness to prevent walking and
It has sufficient supporting force and restoring force against the load during mowing work, and has the effect of improving the walkability of the entire layered structure.

Furthermore, the synthetic resin net-like body of the uppermost layer in the invention according to claim 2 distributes the load evenly over the entire surface of the net-like body when a person walks, lies down, uses a lawn mower, etc., and prevents the load from concentrating on a specific location. It also ensures protection against wind and typhoons.

Furthermore, the synthetic resin sheet on the bottom layer has a water-stop function, allowing rainwater and excess liquid fertilizer on the sheet to be completely drained, and grass and plant roots coming out from the drainage layer to prevent small cracks in the concrete and waterproof layer on the roof. prevent it from entering and damaging it.

(Example) Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with further reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the layered structure according to the present invention, in which (1) is the first layer of vegetation, (2) is the second layer of protection, and (3) is the first layer of vegetation. The drainage layer forming the third layer is shown, and these vegetation layer (1), protective layer (2) and drainage layer (
The basic structure according to claim 1 of the layered structure of the present invention is formed by the three-layer polymerized structure of 3), and furthermore, in the figure, a synthetic resin network (
4) is further provided with a synthetic resin sheet (5) having a water-stopping and root-cutting role on the lower surface of the bottom layer, that is, the drainage layer. Such a structure has been formed.

Here, the above-mentioned first layer (11) is a layer on which seeds of grass or plants are sown and grown, and is mainly made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, and acrylic. Alternatively, a fiber web containing an appropriate amount of water-absorbing fibers, for example, about 15 to 30%, is needled, and the constituent fibers are entangled with each other. Usually, the apparent density of the fibers is about 0.11 g/- and the thickness. A nonwoven fabric of around 5fi is used.

Mixing water-absorbing fibers is effective in increasing the water-holding capacity of the vegetation layer (1) and preventing a drop in germination rate due to drying, but artificial fibers such as rayon may rot if used for a long period of time in a water-absorbing state. It is preferable to use acrylic water-absorbing fibers whenever possible.

This vegetation layer (1) has the role of sowing seeds on top of it and causing them to germinate, so an example of its properties measured is water retention capacity of 2.4 kg/rrr and air flow rate of 178 cc/cd.
/sec, vertical hydraulic permeability coefficient of 1.5 cm/see, it has good water retention, moderate air circulation, and has appropriate water permeability and drainage properties.

Furthermore, since the grass and plant roots exhibit blue light, this vegetation tank (1) is preferably black rather than white, with dark green being the best.

Next, the protective layer that forms the second layer (2) allows the roots of grass and plants to easily grow through it, and also has the role of firmly holding these roots. It is better for the apparent density to be appropriately large.

Moreover, it has good ventilation and a sufficient supply of oxygen.
In addition, although it has an appropriate water retention capacity, it also has appropriate permeability in the vertical and horizontal directions, so that fresh water is constantly retained to prevent water from accumulating and causing root rot. This is desirable.

This protective layer (2) needs to have an appropriate thickness, and it is said that for boat fishing, the total thickness (vegetation layer + protective layer + drainage layer) must be at least 5 cm or more, but only the protective layer and thickness 5a11
Preferably before and after.

Moreover, it is necessary to have sufficient restoring force against the loads during walking and mowing work, and the elastic recovery rate is selected as high as possible.

This protective layer (2) is usually a needle nonwoven fabric made of polyester fibers, and an example of the measured value is that the apparent density is 0.2.
3g/cd, thickness around 101, water retention capacity 6.0kg/m,
Airflow rate: 36 cc/cd/sec, vertical hydraulic conductivity: 2
．． 3 Xl0-' cx/sec, the compression ratio is 7
．． It has a small thickness recovery rate of 6% and a high thickness recovery rate (load of 800g/cj) of 94%. In addition, as another example, a nonwoven fabric having the following characteristics and the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric may be appropriately mixed and used in a layered manner. That is, the apparent density of the nonwoven fabric is as small as 0.05 g/-, so the water retention capacity is 40 kg.
Large g/d, airflow rate 122 cc/-/sec
It is a nonwoven fabric made of relatively thin fibers with a high vertical permeability coefficient of 3.5 cm/sec, but a not so high compression rate of 17% and a high thickness recovery rate of around 90%.

Also, for these protective layers (2), black is preferable to white for roots exhibiting backlight.

Further, the third layer (3), the drainage layer, usually has a thickness of 50 to 10
It is necessary to have sufficient drainage function even with rainfall of 0 m/hr, and the water retention capacity is close to zero, so that fresh water is constantly replenished to the roots of grass and flowers. This will ensure that water does not accumulate in the layer and cause root rot in the hardening layer.

For this purpose, a nonwoven fabric with a relatively large fiber porosity, that is, the lowest fiber density compared to the other two layers, is selected, but on the other hand, it has poor elastic recovery and may deform, or the deformation rate may be large, making it difficult to walk. It is not desirable if it gives a feeling of pleasure.

Therefore, for this drainage layer (3), a nonwoven fabric mat made of vinylidene fibers having a thickness of about 500 to 5,000 denier is usually selected and used in a thickness range of 30 to 60 denier. These have elasticity, and one example of measurement is approximately 90
The thickness change rate is up to 40% with respect to a load of 0 kg#, and the recovery rate is over 80%, making it extremely breathable.

Of course, the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric mat may be used alone, but
It is also preferable to combine it with a highly water-permeable non-woven fabric made of denier polyester fiber and having a thickness of about 10 m. In this case, the walkability of the entire layer is improved.

Above is the first point mentioned above. Vegetation layer + which is the second and third layer
The basic layered structure of the present invention is constructed by polymerizing three layers: 1+, protective layer (2), and drainage layer (3). The most common method is to superimpose the third layer, second layer, and first layer in sequence on the rooftop concrete surface (6).

In this case, other layers or cloth may be interposed in between so as not to impede the role of each layer.

It should be noted that during this polymerization, it is not essential to adhere the layers to each other; rather, the roots of the grass or plants act like punching to securely hold the layers together.

Grass and other plant seeds are sown on the vegetation layer (1) of the layered structure, but in order to sow these seeds, they are placed overlapping with the other two layers on the building structure, and then the vegetation layer on the upper surface is placed. (1) Alternatively, if there is a strand (4), seeds may be sown in the vegetation layer (1) from above the strand (4), or seeds may be sown only in the vegetation layer (1) in another location. After the seeds are sown and germinated, they may be polymerized to form a layered structure.

In this case, whether the grass is directly germinated as a layered structure on the building structure or the vegetation layer is germinated in a separate location and then transferred to the building structure, fertilization should be applied appropriately to support the growth of the germinated grass. It is preferable to do so.

Particularly when germinating on a building structure, it is effective to cover the vegetation layer (1) with a moist non-woven fabric or cloak to maintain appropriate moisture and prevent scattering from strong winds. But don't forget to expose it to sunlight.

Next, the uppermost layer of the synthetic resin network (4) in FIG.
) and the bottom layer synthetic resin sheet (5) will be explained. These synthetic resin net-like body (4) and sheet (5) form the main part of the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention,
First, the former, that is, the synthetic resin net-like body (
4) is placed on the top layer of the three-layered structure, and is fixed around the periphery at appropriate intervals, for example, at intervals of 30 to 50 cm, with fasteners fixed to the building structure.

This rope-shaped body (4) distributes the load as evenly as possible over the entire surface when a person walks, lies down, or uses a lawn mower, and prevents the load from being concentrated on a specific location in the vegetation layer (11). It protects against wind and typhoons.

In particular, it is important to prevent the scattering of grass and plants, as well as the layers (11, (2), (31) of the layered structure) caused by strong winds at high places of architectural structures such as building rooftops or balconies.

Therefore, the method for fixing this net-like body (4) is to connect it to fasteners installed at appropriate intervals on the roof floor or surrounding walls, or to attach it loosely to the building structure with wires or the like of an appropriate weight and length. The method used is to tether to a support rod.

A specific example of this rope-shaped body (4) is made of high-pressure polyethylene (high-density polyethylene) and has a wire mesh size of 10 to 3.
A net-like body of about 0w has a longitudinal and transverse tensile strength of 500 to 1,000.
kg/m, depending on the overall size and area. The color is preferably greenish, and the weight is 50
0 to 1.000 g/rd is suitable.

On the other hand, a synthetic resin sheet (
For 5), it is necessary that excess rainwater and excess liquid fertilizer on the sheet be completely drained away in an appropriate manner. Usually, a soft vinyl chloride sheet with a thickness of 1 to 3 thick is suitable, and the color is Black is generally used.

Thus, these synthetic resin net-like bodies (4) and sheets (5)
What we mean by this is to cooperate with the layered structure based on the three layers mentioned above to make walking on the layered structure, mowing, etc. easier, and to ensure water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance in order to protect the building structure. I can do it.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, the present invention is a layered structure that basically includes three layers: a vegetation layer, a protective layer, and a drainage layer, and is installed on the roof or balcony of an architectural structure such as a building. This eliminates the need for soil by meeting the requirements for root protection, air circulation, adequate water supply, drainage, and fertilization necessary for vegetation such as grass, and makes it suitable for rooftop use. Recently, we have added the ability to walk and lie down in addition to reducing
It has a remarkable effect on growing plants on the floor surfaces of buildings, including the rooftops and balconies of architectural structures of interest.

That is, according to the layered structure of the present invention, the vegetation layer has water retention and air permeability suitable for growing plants such as grass from seeds, and the protective layer has the necessary voids for root penetration and root retention. In addition, the drainage layer provides fresh water supply and eliminates standing water that causes root rot, and drains excess rainwater appropriately.
It has elasticity and ensures a supporting force suitable for walking as a whole, making it possible to easily grow plants on rooftops etc. without using soil.

In particular, the above-mentioned layered structure has a total weight of only 40 to 60 kg/-, so even if people walk on it, there is no risk of exceeding the permissible loading weight of the rooftop plaza or balcony floor under the Building Standards Act, making it safe and easy to use. There is an advantage that special reinforcement is not required for the structure of the rooftop plaza or balcony floor, which is required when using the above method.

Moreover, the invention according to claim 2 further provides a predetermined synthetic resin net on the top layer of the layered structure, a synthetic resin sheet on the bottom layer, and a synthetic resin net on the top layer. The body cooperates with the layered structure based on the three layers mentioned above to make it easier to walk on it, cut grass, etc., and also distributes and evenly distributes the load applied to the entire surface, and at the same time makes the surface layer evenly distributed. The synthetic resin sheet on the bottom layer prevents plant roots that have grown out from the drainage layer from getting into the thin cracks in the concrete surface or waterproofing layer and damaging them. It has the effect of completely preventing water leakage from the roof surface and making the vegetation on the building structure more stable and effective.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the construction state of the layered structure according to the present invention. (1)...Plant vegetation layer, (2)...Protective layer, (3)...Drainage layer, (4)...Synthetic resin net, (5)...Synthetic resin sheet .

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Polymerized structure including three layers consisting of a fiber structure mainly made of synthetic fibers, the first layer of which has better fiber density, air permeability, and water retention than the other two layers. The second layer is in between, and is suitable for growing plants such as grass from seeds.The second layer has moderate air permeability, but has the highest fiber density and water retention compared to the other two layers. It is a protective layer that has the functions of root penetration, root retention, and protection of plant roots.The third layer has the highest air permeability compared to the other two layers, but has the lowest fiber density and water retention, and has the lowest elasticity. 1. A layered structure for plant vegetation, which is suitable for draining excess rainwater, etc., and has a drainage layer having sufficient holding power to support the entire structure. 2. In the layered structure for plants according to claim 1, a synthetic resin net is arranged in the uppermost layer, and a synthetic resin sheet having water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance is polymerized in the lowermost layer. A layered structure for plant vegetation, which is characterized by the fact that: