JPH04166025A - Laminar structure for plant culture and culture of plant using the structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily cultivate plants on the floor of a building by laying a water pipe in a laminar structure composed of a vegetation layer, a protection layer and a draining layer and placing the laminar structure on a balcony, etc. CONSTITUTION:A vegetation layer 1, a protection layer 2 and a draining layer 3 are formed of a laminar fiber structure composed mainly of a synthetic fiber. A water pipe 7 passing chilled water and hot water is horizontally extended in the laminar structure. The vegetation layer has medium fiber density, the protection layer has high fiber density and water-retainability and the draining layer has low fiber density and water-retainability.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is suitable for greening without using soil as one of the SkyFlon I. This invention relates to a layered structure for vegetation that is suitable for providing a place for relaxation by walking or lying on it at any time, and in particular, it is possible to control the temperature inside the structure by incorporating water pipes inside the structure. The present invention relates to the above-mentioned layered structure and a method for growing plants outdoors using the same layered structure.

(Conventional technology) Currently, the rooftops of buildings are mostly used for cooling towers and drying areas and are not used much, with only a few shrines and plants. Urban development is being carried out with consideration given to urban areas, and efforts are being made to significantly expand the lack of greenery in cities by planting grass and flowers on buildings and balconies, and greening spaces on buildings and balconies. .

By the way, among the methods currently being attempted for growing grass and flowers on the roofs of buildings and concrete, the most common method is to use soil to grow the plants.

Of course, on the other hand, it is also known to grow vegetables and flowers using hydroponic cultivation, etc., using foam, polyurethane foam, or non-woven fabric (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1983-1999)
9739, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-25408, etc.) There are some examples where this is carried out, but in most cases it is done in greenhouses or indoors, and people walk or lie down on it. It has not yet been used on a large scale in buildings such as Building House.

In addition, for reliable construction, we used non-woven fabric and covered it with a net, and combined water-absorbent materials with a frame to reinforce this as a plant cultivation pine tree that people can walk on. Mats are also suggested. (Refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-98912) (Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in recent years, in addition to the conventional use of rooftop space, there has been an increase in the use of hills, apartment complexes, detached houses, etc. in terms of landscape and design. The rooftops and balconies of buildings in the city are regarded as valuable spaces in the city, and skyfronts have attracted attention and been in the spotlight with the aim of providing relaxation and relaxation to users as well as adding value to the buildings. I came.

As the greening of rooftop spaces is being reconsidered from this point of view, the conventional method of using soil is to plant grass and flowers on the rooftop (concrete I surface) and walk on it.
At least 10cm for lying down, reading, and chatting
Waterproofing measures are required because approximately 20 cm of soil will be brought onto the roof and the grass roots will penetrate into the cracks in the concrete. Moreover, when carrying the soil to a rooftop etc., the weight (
For example, 150-170kg/% for ±10cm thickness)
Due to the heavy weight of roofs and balcony floors, the structure of building rooftops or balcony floors must be reinforced for this purpose.
80kg/rI (so, if you mound earth with a thickness of ±10cm on a house or balcony, the weight will be 150~
Since it is 170 kg/rd, there is a risk that the allowable load will be exceeded if a person walks on it. ) Furthermore, soil washed away by rainwater can cause buildings to become dirty, creating a problem.

On the other hand, as mentioned above, hydroponic cultivation is not suitable for walking on building rooftops or balconies, and the method of combining frames and slope construction methods are also not suitable for growing on rooftops or balconies. This has led to the need for the development of a new rooftop vegetation system, which cannot be used for a wide range of plants and flowers.

Therefore, if this application is filed, it will respond to the trends of the times as mentioned above, and will be able to grow grass and flowers on concrete surfaces such as building rooftops or balconies without using soil, and will be able to walk or lie down on them. A separate proposal was made to realize the greening of building rooftops or balconies by discovering layered structures for vegetation, thereby enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the rooftops or balconies, increasing the area of greenery, and achieving revitalization of urban areas. .

The present invention further improves the above-mentioned proposal in order to make it more practical.The present invention incorporates a water passage pipe inside the layered structure, and by passing cold or hot water through it, the inside of the layered structure can be maintained in all seasons. The purpose of this system is to protect the grass and plants by maintaining an appropriate temperature through the water, preventing the water inside from heating up and freezing, and preventing root rot and death of grass and plants.

Of course, temperature control in greenhouses and cultivation houses, as well as underground heating and cooling methods, have been used for a long time and are widely known, but it is important to apply them to plants that are grown outdoors and do not use soil. is still -6= unknown. Furthermore, even if water is supplied by sprinkling, it cannot be said to be sufficient to protect the roots because the temperature inside the structure becomes high.

Therefore, an important object of the present invention is to efficiently manage the temperature of plants by installing piping for passing cold and hot water, especially when growing plants without using soil in the above-mentioned outdoor construction.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, the first feature of the present invention that meets the above objectives is
The first part is made of a layered fiber structure mainly made of synthetic fibers, with fiber densities varying in the thickness direction, and the second part has an intermediate fiber density with appropriate breathability and water retention. Vegetation layer suitable for growing plants such as grass from seeds; middle part retains ventilation but has high fiber density and water retention; protective layer with root penetration, root retention, and protection functions for plant roots; lower part; The basic structure is a layered fiber structure for plants that forms a drainage layer that has the lowest fiber density and water retention in parts, which allows drainage of excess rainwater, etc., and has sufficient holding power to support the entire load. The layered structure has built-in water pipes for passing cold and hot water horizontally inside it.

The invention according to claim 2 provides the above-mentioned layered structure with a synthetic resin net-like material on the uppermost layer and a synthetic resin sheet having water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance on the lowermost layer. It is a polymerized product.

Another aspect of the invention as claimed in claim 3 is a method for growing plants using the above-mentioned layered structure, wherein the layered structure for growing plants having built-in water pipes is grown on the roof of a building structure or on a balcony. etc., and install an appropriate number of temperature detectors at appropriate locations inside the layered structure, for example, approximately at the center of the part that corresponds to the protective layer for the roots in the middle of the thickness direction of the layered structure, and based on the detection, the layered structure When the internal temperature exceeds a predetermined upper limit temperature, cold water is passed through the internal water pipe, and when the temperature falls below a predetermined lower limit temperature, hot water is passed to control the temperature inside the layered structure. It is in the vegetation method of plants.

(Function) = 7- When growing plants on a rooftop or balcony floor using the layered structure of the present invention, the formed layered structure can be used to sow grass or plant seeds in the vegetation layer and allow them to germinate. ,
(Seeds may be sown directly into the vegetation layer and allowed to germinate before polymerizing the vegetation layer into a protective layer.) Appropriate fertilizers may be applied to assist the growth of germinated grass and plants. The vegetation layer has appropriate water retention and air permeability suitable for the above-mentioned vegetation, and also provides appropriate drainage to support the growth of grass and plants.

On the other hand, the root retention layer in the middle part allows the roots of grass and plants to easily pass through, and also has the role of firmly holding these roots.

Therefore, the fiber density and water retention are large and suitably vertical.

It has water permeability in both horizontal directions, preventing water from accumulating and causing root rot, and constantly retains fresh water.

In addition, although the air permeability is low, it allows for a moderate supply of oxygen and protects the roots.

Furthermore, since the drainage layer in the lower part has a sufficient drainage function, sufficient excess rainwater is drained in response to the amount of rainfall, and furthermore, it prevents standing water from forming and causing root rot in the foot hardening layer.

The root protection layer and drainage layer have an appropriate thickness and have sufficient support and resilience against the loads of walking and mowing, which improves the walkability of the entire layered structure. has.

Furthermore, the layered structure of the present invention is provided with water pipes inside it, and cold or hot water is passed through it in response to temperature detection, so the temperature inside the layered structure changes in response to changes in outside temperature. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor exceeds the upper limit set temperature, that is, when the temperature inside the structure increases due to the outside air in summer or other reasons, and the water stored in the structure becomes high temperature. , Cold water in a separately installed tank is circulated through water pipes to cool the inside of the structure and create conditions suitable for root growth.However, if the temperature drops below the lower limit set temperature due to winter or other reasons. Based on the detection by the temperature sensor, hot water in a separately installed tank is circulated by a circulation pump, etc. to raise the temperature inside the layered structure, eliminate freezing of the water, and make it suitable for root growth. To make it possible to control the temperature of plants by using a layered structure that does not use soil and is installed in a house or balcony under a certain condition.

In addition, in the invention as claimed in claim 2, the uppermost layer of the synthetic resin net-like body is resistant to human walking when the above-mentioned vegetation is present.

When lying down or using a lawn mower, the load is evenly distributed over the entire net, preventing the load from concentrating on specific areas, and
Ensure protection against wind and typhoons.

Furthermore, the synthetic resin sheet on the bottom layer has a water-stop function, completely draining rainwater and excess liquid fertilizer on the sheet, and also preventing the roots of grass and plants that have come out from the drainage layer from being removed from the concrete or waterproof layer. Prevents it from penetrating into small cracks and damaging them.

(Example) Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with further reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows an example of the formation of a layered structure according to the present invention. In the figure, (1) is a vegetation layer in the upper part, (2) is a protective layer in the middle part, and (3) is a drainage layer in the lower part. The basic structure of the layered structure of the present invention to be placed on the concrete surface (6) is formed by the polymerization structure of the vegetation layer (1), the protective layer (2), and the drainage layer (3). In the figure, a synthetic resin net (4) is placed on two sides of the vegetation layer (1).
), the lower part, that is, the lower surface of the drainage layer, is covered with a synthetic resin sheet (5) having the role of water stopping and root cutting, respectively, and the whole layered structure according to claim 2 of the invention Such a layered structure is formed.

In the polymerized structure of the layered structure, there is a water pipe (7) for passing cold water or hot water in the horizontal direction inside the layered structure.
A temperature sensor (8) is installed to detect the temperature inside the structure.

Here, the vegetation layer (1) in the upper part is a layer in which grass or plant seeds are sown and grown, and is mainly made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, acrylic, etc., and can be used alone or as appropriate. A fiber web mixed with an appropriate amount of water-absorbing fibers, for example, about 15 to 30%, is needled, and the constituent fibers are entangled with each other. Usually, the apparent density of the fibers is about 0.11 g/cm, and the thickness is about 0.11 g/cm. A nonwoven fabric of around 5 mm is used.

Mixing water-absorbing fibers is effective in increasing the water-holding capacity of the vegetation layer (1) and preventing a drop in germination rate due to drying, but artificial fibers such as rayon may rot if used for a long period of time in a water-absorbing state. It is preferable to use acrylic water-absorbing fibers whenever possible.

This vegetation layer (1) has the role of sowing seeds on it and causing them to germinate, so the measured values for its characteristics are as follows: water retention i2.4 kg/n (, air flow rate 178 cc/cffl/
See.

It has a vertical hydraulic permeability coefficient of 1.5 cIIl/sec, has good water retention, moderate air circulation, and has appropriate water permeability and drainage properties.

Furthermore, since the roots of grass and plants exhibit backlight, black is preferable to white for this vegetation layer (1), and dark green is particularly preferable.

Next, the protective layer (2) in the middle part serves as a passbook for the roots of grass and plants that have grown, and also has the role of firmly holding these roots.The apparent density of the fibers is It is better to be appropriately large.

In addition, it has adequate ventilation, allowing a sufficient supply of oxygen, and has adequate water retention and permeability in the vertical and horizontal directions, which prevents water from accumulating and turning into root rot. It is desirable to constantly have fresh water available to prevent water damage.

This protective layer (2) needs to have an appropriate thickness to hold the roots, and for boat fishing, the total thickness (vegetation layer + protective layer) - drainage layer is required to be at least 5 cm thick. However, the thickness of the protective layer alone is preferably around 5 cm.

Moreover, it is necessary to have sufficient restoring force against the load during walking or mowing work, and a material with as high an elastic recovery rate as possible is selected.

This protective layer (2) is usually a needle non-woven fabric made of, for example, polyester fibers, and the apparent density is 0.23 g/cIfl, the thickness is around 10 mm, and the water retention is 6. Okg/rri', ventilation volume 36cc/c
f/sec, vertical hydraulic conductivity 2.3X 10-'
cm/sec, the compression rate is as low as 7.6%, and the thickness recovery rate (load: 800g/crl) is as high as 94%. In addition, as another example, a nonwoven fabric having the following characteristics and the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric may be appropriately mixed and used in a layered manner. That is, the apparent density of the nonwoven fabric is 0.0.
As it is small at 5 g/cf, the water retention capacity is large at 40 kg/n, and the ventilation is 1t122 cc/can/sec.
It is a nonwoven fabric made of relatively thin fibers with a high vertical permeability coefficient of 3.5 cm/sec, a not so high compression rate of 17%, and a high thickness recovery rate of around 90%.

Also, for these protective layers (2), black is preferable to white for roots exhibiting backlight.

Furthermore, the drainage layer (3) in the lower part is usually 50 to 1.00
It is necessary to have a drainage function that is sufficient to withstand rainfall of mm/Hr, and the water retention capacity is close to zero, so that fresh water is constantly supplied to the roots of grass and flowers. Ensure that water does not accumulate and cause root rot in the hardening layer.

For this purpose, a fiber structure with a relatively large fiber porosity, that is, the lowest fiber density compared to the other two layers, is selected, such as a nonwoven fabric, but on the other hand, it has poor elastic recovery and may deform or have a low deformation rate. It is not desirable if it is large and causes discomfort when walking.

Therefore, for the drainage layer (3), a nonwoven fabric mat made of hnylidene fibers having a thickness of about 500 to 5000 denier is usually selected and used in a thickness range of 30 to 60 mm. These have elasticity, and one example of measurement is:
The thickness change rate is 40% for a load of approximately 900 kg/rd.
The recovery rate is 80% or more, and it has extremely high air permeability.

Of course, the above nonwoven fabric pine 1- may be used alone, but 15 to 3
It is also preferable to combine it with a highly water permeable non-woven fabric made of 0 denier polyester fibers and having a thickness of about 10 mm. In this case, the walkability of the entire layer is improved.

The vegetation layers of the upper, middle, and lower parts mentioned above (
The layered structure that is the basis of the present invention is constructed by polymerizing three layers: 1), protective layer (2), and drainage layer (3). The most common method of construction is to sequentially overlap the lower, middle, and upper layers on the rooftop concrete surface (6) of a building structure. In this case, other layers or cloth may be interposed in between so as not to impede the role of each layer.

Note that during this polymerization, it is not essential to adhere the layers to each other; rather, the reverse phase of the grass or plant roots acts like punching to securely hold each layer.

Grass and plant seeds are sown in the vegetation layer (1) of the layered structure, but in order to sow these seeds, they must be placed overlapping with the other two layers on the building structure, and then the vegetation layer on top (1) Alternatively, if there is a net (4), the seeds may be sown onto the vegetation layer (1) from above the net (4), or the seeds may be sown only onto the vegetation layer (1) in a separate location. After sowing and germination, a layered structure may be formed by polymerization.

In this case, whether the grass is directly germinated as a layered structure on the building structure or the vegetation layer is germinated in a separate location and then transferred to the building structure, fertilization should be applied appropriately to support the growth of the germinated grass. It is desirable to do so.

Particularly when germinating on a building structure, it is effective to cover the top of the vegetation layer (1) with a moist non-woven fabric or mat to maintain appropriate moisture and prevent scattering from strong winds. But don't forget to expose it to sunlight.

116 = The layered structure having the basic structure described above is further provided with a synthetic resin net (4) and a synthetic resin sheet (5) on the top and bottom layers as shown in the figure, but the synthetic resin net (4) is placed on the top layer of the above-mentioned basic layered structure and fixed around it with fasteners fixed to the building structure at appropriate intervals, for example, at intervals of 30 to 50 cm.

This rope-shaped body (4) distributes the load as evenly as possible over the entire surface when a person walks, lies down, or uses a lawn mower, and prevents the load from being concentrated in a specific location of the vegetation layer (1). It is a protection against wind and typhoons.

In particular, it is important to prevent grass and plants, as well as each layer (1), (2), and (3) of the layered structure, from being blown away by strong winds at high places on architectural structures such as building rooftops or balconies.

Therefore, the net-like body (4) can be fixed by connecting it to fasteners installed at appropriate intervals on the roof floor or surrounding walls, or by attaching it to an appropriate weight loosely attached to the building structure with wires, etc. , a method is used in which it is held in place by a holding rod of length.

A specific example of this net-like body (4) is made of high-pressure polyethylene (high-density polyethylene) and has a mesh size of 10 to 3
The longitudinal and transverse tensile strength is 500 to 1000 with a mesh of about 0 mm.
kg/m is used according to the total size of 5 areas. The color is preferably greenish, and the weight is 500~
1000g/rd is suitable.

On the other hand, the synthetic resin sheet (5) for water stopping and root cutting at the bottom layer requires that excess rainwater and excess liquid fertilizer from the sheets 1 to 1 be completely drained in an appropriate manner. Thickness 1~
A soft vinyl chloride sheet of approximately 3 mm is suitable, and the color is generally black, and is laid prior to the arrangement of the basic layered structure.

Thus, these synthetic resin net-like bodies (4) and the sea 1- (
5) Cooperates with the layered structure based on the three layers mentioned above to make it easier to walk on the layered structure, cut grass, etc., and ensure water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance to protect the building structure. can do.

In the layered structure for plants having the above-mentioned structure, the present invention further includes cold water, ? A water pipe (7) for passing water and a temperature sensor (8) for detecting the temperature inside the layered structure are installed. and temperature detector (8)
Of course, it can be installed anywhere inside the layered structure, but in order to prevent root rot due to temperature changes, damage to roots due to freezing, and even death, it is necessary to install the Considering that the temperature of It is preferable to install an appropriate number of them, and the water pipes (7) should also be maintained. ! It is effective to provide it built-in in layer (2).

Figure 2 shows the water pipe (7) in the layered structure (A).
An example of the arrangement of the temperature sensor (8) is shown in a plan view, and the water flow pipe (7) consists of a main pipe (7a) and a branch pipe (7b) branched from the main pipe (7a). A circuit is formed so that cold water and hot water from a separately installed tank (9) are supplied and circulated by a pump θ0).

In this case, of course, tanks and pumps for cold water and hot water may be installed separately, but since this would be complicated, it is advantageous to share them.

In addition, since people will be walking on the layered structure and mowing the grass, pipes (7) should be carefully constructed to ensure that they do not get damaged or leak water.
It is preferable to use flexible pipes, for example plastic pipes, or to join a number of short pipes with flexible joints. Usually, among the pipes (7), a relatively thick pipe with a diameter of 10 to 50 mm is used as the main pipe (7a), and a flexible pipe with thin fins or fins is used as the branch pipe (7b) to enhance heat dissipation. A short tube is used. In addition, well water may be pumped to obtain cold water.
Alternatively, it may be cooled using a simple refrigerator. on the other hand,
Hot water can be easily obtained by using an appropriate heating method.

On the other hand, since the temperature sensor (8) measures the temperature in a relatively low temperature range, an electric resistance thermometer (thermometer) is sufficient. Furthermore, if the correlation between the outside air temperature and the water temperature inside the layered structure for vegetation can be grasped, it would be possible to control the outside air temperature.

In addition, in relation to the temperature sensor (8), the temperature information detected by these temperature sensors (8) is inputted and cold water is supplied.

In order to flow hot water appropriately, in Fig. 2, an upper and lower limit temperature setting device (11) is further installed, and if the upper limit setting temperature exceeds the upper limit setting temperature, for example, around 25°C, cold water of around 15°C or less is circulated. Lower limit set temperature, for example, 3 if it falls below 5°C
It is automatically controlled to flow hot water around 0°C or higher.

Therefore, when the layered structure constructed as described above is installed on the roof or balcony of a building structure, the advantageous vegetation growth of the layered structure described above can be more effectively controlled, that is, the temperature inside the layered structure can be lowered by plants. Always maintain the optimum temperature for root retention in vegetation, ensuring better protection of grass and plant roots,
Promote growth.

Note that the above-mentioned layered structure can be used not only on rooftops or balconies, but also underground, such as in underground malls, to effectively grow plants.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained below, the present invention is a layered structure based on a vegetation layer, a protective layer, and a drainage layer, and can be installed on the roof or balcony of an architectural structure such as a building to provide lawn care. It meets the requirements for root protection, air circulation, adequate water supply, drainage, and fertilization necessary for vegetation such as trees, making the use of soil unnecessary, reducing weight and improving walkability, making it suitable for rooftop use. It also provides the ability to lie down, and has a remarkable effect on growing plants on the floor surfaces of buildings, including the use of roofs and balconies of architectural structures, which have recently been of interest.

In particular, the total weight of the layered structure is 50 to 60 kg/rr.
If the weight of the rooftop plaza or balcony floor is safe, there is no risk of people walking over the allowable load weight of the rooftop plaza or balcony floor under the Building Standards Act, and the roof plaza or balcony floor required when using earth. This has the advantage that no special reinforcement is required for the balcony floor structure.

Moreover, the layered structure of the present invention has piping for passing cold water and hot water inside, so when the temperature inside the structure becomes high, cold water is passed through it to lower the temperature, and the temperature is lowered again. When the stored water freezes, such as during the winter, hot water is passed through to lower the temperature inside the structure, allowing it to change as the seasons change.

Root rot and damage to grass and plants in response to changes in outside temperature,
Furthermore, it is possible to prevent roots from withering, and has the effect of improving vegetation efficiency in plants that do not use soil.

The invention according to claim 3 utilizes the layered structure and installs a temperature sensor, so that when the inside of the structure exceeds a preset upper limit temperature, cold water is supplied, and when the temperature falls below the lower limit temperature, hot water is supplied. This vegetation method has the advantage that the flow of cold water and hot water can be automatically controlled according to the temperature inside the structure.

The invention according to claim 2 further provides that when the layered structure is used for growing plants, the most layered synthetic resin net works together with the layered structure to facilitate walking, mowing, etc. on the layered structure. It also has the feature of distributing the load on the top layer evenly over the entire surface, and at the same time suppressing the surface layer evenly and making it stable against wind and typhoons.・It prevents the roots of plants that grow out from the drainage layer from entering thin cracks in the concrete surface or waterproofing layer and damaging them, and also completely prevents water leakage from the roof surface and prevents water leakage from occurring on the building structure. It has the effect of making the vegetation of the above-mentioned plants more stable and effective.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the construction state of the layered structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the cold and hot water flow mode. (1)...Plant vegetation layer. (2)... Protective layer. (3)...Drainage layer. (4)...Synthetic resin net-like body. (5)...Synthetic resin sheet. (7)...Water piping. (8)...Temperature detector.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fiber structure mainly made of synthetic fibers, with fiber densities varying in the thickness direction, an upper layer having an intermediate density, a vegetation layer in which plants are grown from seeds, and an intermediate portion having a vegetation layer in which plants are grown from seeds. Both fiber density and water retention are high, and the lower layer has a low fiber density and water retention, and is suitable for drainage of excess rainwater and is sufficient to support the whole plant. 1. A layered structure for plants, characterized in that the layered structure is formed with a drainage layer having a retention force, and has built-in water pipes for passing cold and hot water horizontally inside the layered structure. 2. In the layered structure for plants according to claim 1, a synthetic resin net is arranged in the uppermost layer, and a synthetic resin sheet having water-stopping performance and plant root cutting performance is polymerized in the lowermost layer. A layered structure for plant vegetation, which is characterized by the fact that: 3. The layered structure for vegetation according to claim 1 or 2 is formed outdoors such as on the rooftop or balcony of a building structure, and an appropriate number of temperature sensors are installed at appropriate locations inside the structure, and based on the detection, the layered structure is When the temperature inside the structure exceeds a predetermined upper limit temperature, cold water is passed through the internal piping, and when the temperature falls below a predetermined lower limit temperature, hot water is passed to control the temperature inside the layered structure. Plant vegetation method.